Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio > IV A > Flashcards

IV A Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Segment of DNA that is a unit of hereditary information

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The complex of DNA and protein that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thread like structure in the cell nucleus (or nucleoid of a prokaryotic cell), mitochondria and chloroplasts, along which genes are located, composed of chromatin

A

Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Constricted region in the DNA sequence of a chromatid or chromosome

A

Centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

One of the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome, it’s single chromosomal stand of a two-chromatid (sister chromatid or double chromatid) chromosome

A

Chromatid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Protein within the centromere to which spindle fibers can attach

A

Kinetochore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

You cannot see ______ in either G1 o G2 because they have not gone through condensation

A

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A duplicated chromosome contains a pair of ______ containing identical DNA sequences

A

Sister chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Each of the two DNA sequences contains a ______, a constricted region which joins sister chromatids

A

Centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The ______, a protein that is associated with the centromere, binds to microtubules during mitosis

A

Kinetochore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Genetic information in the cell specifies _____(2)

A

How the cell will develop

How the cell will function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The events in prokaryotic cell division, prokaryotic cells contain a single, circular DNA molecule, ____ (4)

A
  1. The single circular DNA molecule which contains genetic material is replicated 2. Elongation of the cell wall begins in and area where the original and copied DNA molecules are located, causing separation of the two 3. The cell wall pinches in and divides the cell into two cells 4. The process of cell division in prokaryotes is termed binary fission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The process which cells divid in prokaryotes are called ______

A

Binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two processes that usually occur in eukaryotic cell division

A

Nuclear division

Cytoplasmic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Forms 2 nuclei in eukaryotic cell division

A

Nuclear division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

From 2 cells by dividing the cytoplasm into two parts

A

Cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The stage set of the cell cycle are ______(4)

A

G1, S, G2, and M phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

M phrase consists of mitosis which is _____(4)

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 sub phases of interphase are

A

G1, S, and G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

During which there is cell growth, duplication of ribosomes and other cytoplasmic organelles, abd synthesis of various enzymes

A

G1 (Gap 1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

During which DNA, the genetic material replicates and other organelles contain to duplicated

A

S (Synthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

During which the cell continuous to grow and also prepares for mitosis by making spindle fiber precursors and other proteins

A

G2 (Gap 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

M phase consists of _____(2)

A

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A type of nuclear division that produces 2 nuclei which are identical to each other and to the parent nucleus

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The cytoplasmic divides to produces 2 daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

______ is a type of nuclear division that results in 2 daughter nuclei that have the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Chromatin condenses into duplicate chromosomes (pairs of sister chromatids), nuclear envolope disappears, mitotic spindle forms

A

Early prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes, chromosomes begin to move toward cell’s mid plane

A

Late prophase

29
Q

Chromosomes align on cell’s mid plane (metaphase plate), mitotic spindle is complete, microtubules attach the kinetochores of sister chromatids it opposite poles of the cell

A

Metaphase

30
Q

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Each former chromatid is not a chromosome

A

Anaphase

31
Q

Nuclear envelope reforms, nucleoli appear, chromosome uncoil, spindle disappears, cytokinesis begins

A

Telophase

32
Q

Cytokinesis begins during ______

A

Telophase

33
Q

A _______ is an invagination of the plasma membrane that forms between the nuclei of a dividing animal cell, which gets progressively deeper and eventually divides the cytoplasm

A

Cleavage furrow

34
Q

A ____ is a special membrane that forms half way between the nuclei of a dividing plant cell

A

Cell plate

35
Q

________ reduces the number of chromosome sets from diploid to haploid, necessary to maintain the normal chromosome number when two cells join during sexual reproduction

A

Meiosis

36
Q

______ helps to increase genetic variation among off spring

A

Meiosis

37
Q

One diploid cell divides _______ times, yielding ______ haploid cells

A

2

4

38
Q

Sexual life cycles in eukaryotes require ______

A

Meiosis

39
Q

Each gamete contains ______ the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

A

Half

40
Q

Animal ______ are Sperm cells and ova

A

Gametes

41
Q

Meiosis produces spores, not ______ in plants

A

Gametes

42
Q

Chromosomes are paired as ______ in a diploid cell which are similar in length, shape, and other features which carries genes affecting the same traits

A

Homologous chromosomes

43
Q

______ is the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell or in the cells of an organism

A

Polidy

44
Q

Only one member of each homologous chromosome pair is present in a ______

A

Haploid cell

45
Q

______ contain two sets of chromosomes

A

Diploid cells

46
Q

______ contain one set of chromosomes

A

Haploid cells

47
Q

______ and _____ only occur during prophase I and metaphase I

A

Crossing over

Synapsis

48
Q

______ is homologous chromosomes joining

A

Synapsis

49
Q

_______ occurs between homologous (no sister) chromatids, segments of DNA are exchanged, results in genetic recombination

A

Crossing over

50
Q

______ consists of 4 chromatids (2 pairs of sister chromatids) which interact during Synapsis, no sister chromatids cross over which generate greater variation between the chromatids

A

Tetrad

51
Q

_______ are the connection points where DNA strands swap segments

A

Chiasmata

52
Q

______ is an abbreviated interphase the occurs between Meiosis I and Meiosis II, has both G1 and G2 but not S

A

Interkinesis

53
Q

Known as the reduction division since chromosome number is reduced in the daughter cells compared to the parent cells

A

Meiosis I

54
Q

Known as a equation all division since double chromatid chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell

A

Meiosis II

55
Q

There are 2 sets and 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes in a ______ cell

A

Somatic (body)

56
Q

Only 1 set and 23 chromosomes in a _______

A

Gametes cell

57
Q

During meiosis I, ________ is the Synapsis of homologous chromosomes forms tetras, crossing over between no sister chromatids produce genetic variation, chiasmata mark then breakage points where a SNA segment has been removed, swapped, and reinserted

A

Prophase I

58
Q

During meiosis I, ______ is when the tetrads line up on the metaphase plate (middle plane)

A

Metaphase I

59
Q

During meiosis I, ______ is when homologous chromosomes separate and are distributed to different nuclei

A

Anaphase I

60
Q

During meiosis I, _____ is where cytokinesis begins

A

Telophase I

61
Q

Why is mitosis different from meiosis? (5)

A

Has no synapsis and crossing over, results in 2 cells, results in identical cells, requires 1 nuclear division, can either be 1n or 2n

62
Q

What is the difference of meiosis from mitosis? (5)

A

Synapsis and crossing over result in genetic recombination, results in 4 cells, doesn’t have identical cells, requires 2 nuclear divisions, or 2n –> 1n

63
Q

A structure that produces gametes

A

Gonad

64
Q

The process of gamete formation

A

Gametogenesis

65
Q

The process of sperm production

A

Spermatogenesis

66
Q

Process of egg (ovum) production

A

Oogenesis

67
Q

A non-functional haploid cell produced in Oogenesis

A

Polar body

68
Q

The fusion of egg and sperm nuclei

A

Fertilization

69
Q

A fertilized egg, therefore is chromosome number is 2n

A

Zygote

Bio (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions