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finals itp quiz 5 > itps finals quizb5 > Flashcards

itps finals quizb5 Flashcards

1
Q

expressing feelings that would be threatening if directed at the real target onto a less threatening substitute target

Example
Sandra gets reprimanded by her boss and goes home to angrily pick a fight with her husband.

A

Displacement

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2
Q

falling back on childlike patterns as a way of coping with stressful situations.

Example
Four-year-old Zachary starts wetting his bed after his parents bring home a new baby.

A

Regression

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3
Q

trying to become like someone else to deal with one’s anxiety.

Example
Amber really admires Kaylee, the most popular girl in school, and tries to copy her behavior and dress.

A

Identification

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4
Q

trying to make up for areas in which a lack is perceived by becoming superior in some other area

Example
José is not good at athletics, so he puts all of his energies into becoming an academic scholar.

A

Compensation

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5
Q

turning socially unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behavior.

Example
Angel, who is very aggressive, becomes a mixed martial arts fighter.

A

Sublimation

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6
Q

the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave

A

Personality

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7
Q

value judgments made about a person’s moral and ethical behavior

A

Character

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8
Q

the enduring characteristics with which each person is born

A

Temperament

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9
Q

was founder of psychoanalytic movement

A

Freud

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10
Q

information is available but not currently conscious

A

Preconscious mind

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11
Q

: level aware of immediate surroundings and perceptions

A

Conscious Mind

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12
Q

: level in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness are kept

A

Unconscious mind

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13
Q

focused on immediate gratification and survival

A

Id

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14
Q

contains the conscience, provides sense of right and wrong

A

Super ego

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15
Q

the “I” caught in the middle

A

Ego

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16
Q

unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety • Manage the continuous conflicts of the id, ego and superego

A

pyschological defense mechanisim

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17
Q

refusal to recognize or acknowledge a threatening situation.

Example
A mother refuses to acknowledge her son was killed during his recent military deployment.

A

Denial

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18
Q

pushing” threatening or conflicting events or situations out of conscious memory

Example
Eli, who was sexually abused as a child, cannot remember the abuse at all.

A

Repression

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19
Q

making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior

Example
If I don’t have breakfast, I can have that piece of cake later on without hurting my diet.

A

Rationalization

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20
Q

placing one’s own unacceptable thoughts onto others, as if the thoughts belonged to them and not to oneself

Example
Ella is attracted to her sister’s husband but denies this and believes the husband is attracted to her.

A

Projection

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21
Q

forming an emotional reaction or attitude that is the opposite of one’s threatening or unacceptable actual thoughts

Example
Jaden has negative prejudices toward other religions but goes out of his way to appear open-minded and accepting.

A

Reaction formation:

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22
Q

area of the body that produces pleasurable feelings, becomes important and can become the source of conflicts

A

Erogenous Zone

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23
Q

disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage

A

Fixation

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24
Q

an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscious conflicts; Freud’s term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it.

A

Psychoanalysis

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25
Q

followers of Freud who developed their own competing theories of psychoanalysis

A

Ne Freudians

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26
Q

developed a theory including both a personal and a collective unconscious

A

Carl Jung

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27
Q

the memories shared by all members of the

human species

A

Collective unconscious:

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28
Q

proposed the driving force behind all human endeavors, emotions, and thoughts was the seeking of superiority

A

Alder

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29
Q

developed a theory based on basic anxiety; replacing the concept of penis envy with “womb” envy

A

Horney

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30
Q

anxiety created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults

A

Basic Anxiety

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31
Q

the result of less-secure upbringings and paired with maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships

A

Neurotic personalities

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32
Q

developed a theory based on social rather than sexual relationships, covering the entire life span

A

Erikson

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33
Q

learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory, and imitation of models

A

Social Cognitive view

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34
Q

explanation of how the factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior

A

Bandura’s reciprocal determinism

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35
Q

an individual’s perception of how effective a behavior will be in any particular circumstance (not the same as self-esteem)

A

Self-efficacy

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36
Q

a person’s subjective feeling that a particular behavior will lead to a reinforcing consequence.

A

Expectancy

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37
Q

the “third force” in psychology

Based on works of Rogers and Maslow

Focuses on aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice

A

Humanistic Perspective

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38
Q

the striving to fulfill one’s innate capacities and capabilities

A

Self-actualizing tendency

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39
Q

the image of oneself that develops from interactions with important, significant people in one’s life

A

Self Concept

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40
Q

an individual’s awareness of his or her own personal characteristics and level of functioning

A

Self

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41
Q

one’s perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities that form the basis of the striving for self-actualization

A

Real Self

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42
Q

one’s perception of whom one should be or would like to be

A

Ideal self:

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43
Q

warmth, affection, love and respect that come from significant others in one’s life

A

Positive Regard

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44
Q

positive regard that is given without

conditions or strings attached

A

Unconditional positive regard:

45
Q

positive regard that is given only when person doing what providers of positive regard wish

A

Conditional positive regard

46
Q

a person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges and feelings

A

Fully functioning person

47
Q

theories that endeavor to describe the

characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior

A

Trait Theories

48
Q

: a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving

A

Trait

49
Q

aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other

people in the outward actions of a person

A

Surface traits:

50
Q

the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits,

forming the core of personality

A

Source traits

51
Q

willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences

A

Openness

52
Q

the care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others; dependability

A

Conscientiousness

53
Q

one’s need to be with other people; categorized into extroverts and introverts

A

Extraversion

54
Q

the emotional style of a person that may range from easygoing, friendly, and likeable to grumpy, crabby, and unpleasant

A

Agreeableness

55
Q

degree of emotional instability or stability

A

Neuroticism

56
Q

field of study devoted to discovering the genetic bases for personality characteristics

A

Behavioral genetics

57
Q

the genetics of a child’s parents, even those not inherited, that impact the family and child’s environment

A

Genetic nurture

58
Q

behaviorist assumes personality is merely habitually learned responses to stimuli

A

Behavioral Assessments

59
Q

assessment in which professional observes client engaged in ordinary, day-to-day behavior in either clinical or natural setting

A

Direct observation

60
Q

personality assessment in which professional asks questions of the client and allows client to answer, either in an unstructured or semistructured interview

A

Interview

61
Q

paper-and-pencil or computerized test that consists of statements that require a specific, standardized response from the person taking test

“Yes,” “no,” “can’t decide”

“True,” “false,” “cannot say”

A

Personality Inventory

62
Q

designed to detect abnormal behavior or thinking patterns in personality

A

MMPI-2-RF

63
Q

is the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave

A

Personality

64
Q

refers to the value judgments of a person’s moral and ethical behavior.

A

character

65
Q

is the biologically innate and enduring characteristics each person is born with, such as irritability or adaptability

A

Temperament

66
Q

level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness

A

unconscious mind

67
Q

the part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious

A

id

68
Q

is the part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality: mostly conscious, rational, and logical. The ego functions by the reality principle, or the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result.

A

Ego

69
Q

part of the personality acts as a moral center

A

Superego

70
Q

is the part of the superego that produces guilt, depending on how acceptable behavior is.

A

Conscience

71
Q

unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety

A

Psychological defense mechanisms

72
Q

are five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child.

A

Psychosexual stages

73
Q

a disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage

A

Fixation

74
Q

is the first stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring in the first 18 months of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict (id dominates)

A

Oral Stage

75
Q

is the second stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring from about 18 to 36 months of age, in which the anus is the crogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict (ego develops)

A

Anal Stage

76
Q

is the third stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring from about 3 to 6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings

A

Phallic Stage

77
Q

the fourth stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, occurring during the school years, in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways

A

Latency

78
Q

the final stage in Freud’s psychosexual stages, from puberty on, sexual urges are allowed back into consciousness and the individual moves toward adult social and sexual behavior

A

Genital Stage

79
Q

theorists who emphasize the importance of both the influences of other people’s behavior and of a person’s own expectancies on learning.

A

Social cognitive learning theorists

80
Q

is a learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory, and imitation of models.

A

Social Cognitive view

81
Q

Bandura’s explanation of how the factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior

A

reciprocal determinism

82
Q

individual’s expectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance.

A

Self-efficacy

83
Q

the tendency for people to assume that they either have control or do not have control over events and consequences in their lives.

A

Locus of control

84
Q

person’s subjective feeling that a particular behavior will lead to a

reinforcing consequence

A

Expectancy

85
Q

the “third force” in psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice

A

Humanistic perspective

86
Q

is the striving to fulfill one’s innate capacities and capabilities

A

Self-actualizing tendency is

87
Q

image of oneself that develops from interactions with important significant people in one’s life

A

Self concept

88
Q

individual’s awareness of his or her own personal characteristics and level of functioning

A

Self

89
Q

is the warmth, affection, love, and respect that come from significant others in one’s life.

A

Positive regard

90
Q

the positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached, in person-centered therapy, it refers to the warm, respectful, and accepting atmosphere created by the therapist for the client

A

Unconditional positive regard

91
Q

is the positive regard that is given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish.

A

Conditional positive regard

92
Q

is someone who is in touch with his or her own feelings and abilities and is able to trust his or her innermost urges and intuitions.

A

Fully functioning person

93
Q

theories that endeavor to describe the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior

A

Trait Theories

94
Q

are the aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person

A

surface traits

95
Q

are the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality

A

source traits

96
Q

is a dimension of personality in which people tend to withdraw from excessive stimulation

A

Introversion

97
Q

a model of personality traits that describes five basic trait dimensions (Le., OCEAN

A

The five-factor model (Big Five)

98
Q

are people who are outgoing and sociable:

A

extraverts

99
Q

are people who prefer solitude and dislike being the center of attention.

A

introverts

100
Q

is the assumption that the particular circumstances of any given situation will influence how the way in which a trait is expressed.

A

Trait-situation interaction

101
Q

the field of study devoted to discovering the genetic bases for personality characteristics

A

Behavioral Genetics

102
Q

assessment in which the professional observes the client engaged in ordinary, day-to-day behavior in either a clinical or natural setting

A

Direct Observation

103
Q

is assessment in which a numerical value is assigned to specific behavior that is listed in the scale.

A

Rating scale

104
Q

is a paper-and-pencil or computerized test that consists of statements that require a specific, standardized response from the person taking the test

A

Personality Inventory

105
Q

or the tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client’s behavior and statements, and observer bias can also influence assessment.

A

Halo effect

106
Q

personality assessments that present ambiguous visual stimuli to the client and ask the chent to respond with whatever comes to mind.

A

Projective Test

107
Q

a projective test that uses 10 inkblots as the ambiguous stimuli

A

Rorschach inkblot test is

108
Q

is a projective test that uses 20 pictures in ambiguous situations as the visual stimuli

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

109
Q

referring to concepts and impressions that are only valid within a particular person’s perception and may be influenced by biases. prejudice, and personal experiences.

A

subjective

finals itp quiz 5 (1 decks)

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