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ITP > ITP (Module 1-4) > Flashcards

ITP (Module 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

It is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

A

Psychology

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2
Q

allows you to
○ propose reasons for relationships
○ derive explanation
○ make predicts

A

Theory

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3
Q

studies conducted without concern for immediate application

A

pure research

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4
Q

designed to find solutions to specific personal or social problems

A

applied research

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5
Q

applying psychological knowledge to help individuals change their behavior.

A

practicing psychology

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6
Q

sharing of psychological knowledge in classrooms, seminars, and workshops

A

teaching

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7
Q

help people with psychological disorders adjust to the demands of life. Largest subgroup of psychologists.

A

clinical psychologist

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8
Q

similar to clinical psychologists, but clients typically have adjustment problems and not serious psychological disorders. More than half of all doctoral students are in programs of clinical or counseling.

A

counseling psychologist

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9
Q

employed by school systems to assist students with problems that interfere with learning. One focus is that of placement of students in special classes.

A

school psychologist

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10
Q

attempt to facilitate learning but focus on course planning, instructional methods. They focus on motivation, intelligence, testing, and student and teacher behavior.

A

educational psychologist

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11
Q

study the changes (physical, cognitive, social, and personality) that occur throughout the lifespan.

A

developmental psychologist

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12
Q

focus on identifying and measuring human traits, determining influences on human thought processes, feelings, and behavior, and explaining psychological disorders.

A

personality psychologist

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13
Q

primarily concerned with nature and causes of individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior in social situations.

A

social psychologist

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14
Q

study the ways in which people and the environment influence one another.

A

environmental psychologist

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15
Q

conduct experiments and specialize in basic processes such as the nervous system, sensation and perception, learning and memory, thought, motivation, and emotion.

A

experimental psychologist

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16
Q

focus on the relationship between people and work.

A

industrial psychologist

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17
Q

focus on the relationship between people and organizations such as business.

A

organizational psychologist

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18
Q

provide suggestions and create technical systems such as dashboards, computer keyboards, etc., to be more user friendly.

A

human factors psychologist

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19
Q

study the behavior of shoppers in an effort to predict and influence their behavior.

A

consumer psychologist

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20
Q

examine the ways in which behavior and mental processes are related to health.

A

health psychologist

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21
Q

apply principles of psychology to the criminal justice system.

A

forensic psychologist

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22
Q

help people improve their performance in various sports.

A

sport psychologist

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23
Q

➢ Argued that human behavior is subject to rules and laws.
➢ Subject matter by topic included personality, sensation and perception, thought, intelligence, needs and motives, feelings and emotion, and memory.

A

Aristotle

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24
Q

➢ suggested that we could think of behavior in terms of a body and mind (interaction of biological and mental processes)

A

democritus

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25
Q

➢ we should rely on rational thought and introspection to achieve self-knowledge

A

socrates

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26
Q

ability to consciously reflect on one’s own thoughts

A

introspection

27
Q

➢ published elements of psychophysics in 1860
➢ showed how physical events are related to psychological sensations and perceptions

A

gustav theodore fechner

28
Q

➢ major figure in the development of psychology
➢ functionalist

A

william james

29
Q

School of Psychology that is:

➢ founded by wilhelm wundt and his students

➢ objective and subjective sensations

➢ views the mind as natural event

A

structuralism

30
Q

school of psychology that is:

➢ founded by William James

➢ adaptation to environments

A

functionalism

31
Q

school of psychology that:

➢ focuses on learning observable behaviors in understanding human and animal actions

➢ limits psychology to observable, measurable, events

A

behaviorism

32
Q

➢ founder of american behaviorism

➢ believed osychology must focus on observable and measurable behavior

A

john broadus watson

33
Q

➢ proposed human behaviors can be explained by learning to reinforcement

A

B.F. Skinner

34
Q

a stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of the response

A

reinforcement

35
Q

school of psychology that

➢ focused in perception and its influence on thinking and problem solving

➢ by Max Wetheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Köhler

A

Gestalt psychology

36
Q

School of Psychology that is:

➢ founded by Sigmund Freud

➢ believe our lives are governed by unconscious ideas and impulses from childhood conflicts

A

Psychoanalysis

37
Q

basic instincts and desires

A

ID

38
Q

rational decision-maker

A

Ego

39
Q

moral conscience

A

superego

40
Q

psychological perspective:

➢ relationships between the brain, hormones, heredity

A

biological perspective

41
Q

paychological perspective:

➢ venture into the realms of mental process to understand human nature

➢study things we refer to as the mind

➢ memory, planning, decision making

A

cognitive perspective

42
Q

psychological perspective:

➢ emphasize subjective experience, including self awareness, experience, and choice

➢ humanism stress the human capacity for self fulfillment

➢ existentialism views people as free to choose and responsible for choosing ethical conduct

A

humanistic-existential perspective

43
Q

psychoogical perspective:

➢ neoanalysts

➢ focus less on the unconscious and more on conscious choice and self-direction

A

psychodynamic perspective

44
Q

paychological perspective:

➢ study the effects ofexperience on behavior

➢ learning is essential

A

perspective on learning

45
Q

psychological perspective:

➢ addresses the many ways in which people differ from one another (ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status)

A

sociocultural perspective

46
Q

i. Ethnic groups are united by their cultural heritage, race, language, and common history.
ii. Highlight the impact of social, political, and economic factors on human behavior and development.

A

ethnicity

47
Q

i. Refers to the culturally defined concepts of masculinity and femininity.

ii. Involves a complex web of cultural expectations and social roles. As with members of ethnic minority groups, women have experienced prejudice, too.

iii. Today, women earn most of the undergraduate degrees in psychology and hold 3/4 of the doctoral degrees in the field.

A

gender

48
Q

➢ Pioneer in research in memory: primacy and recency effect.
➢ Became president of the APA.
➢ study in harvard

A

mary whiton calkins

49
Q

➢ Revolutionized our understanding of attachment between parents and children by means of cross-cultural studies.

A

mary salter ainsworth

50
Q

➢ Memories are not snapshots of the past.
➢ Memories are based on
▪ Something old (what actually happened)
▪ Something new (influenced of recent events)
▪ Something borrowed (further shaped by biases and prejudices)
▪ Something blue (altered by emotion)

A

elizabeth loftus

51
Q

each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected to participate.

A

random sample

52
Q

selection is made so that identified subgroups in the population are represented proportionately in the sample.

A

stratified sample

53
Q

people who volunteer as participants differ systematically from people who do not.

A

volunteer bias

54
Q

a specific statement about behavior or mental processes that is tested through research.

A

hypothesis

55
Q

Individuals who are studied; segment of the population.

A

sample

56
Q

group targeted for study.

A

population

57
Q

Information collected about individuals and small groups.

A

case study

58
Q

➢ Used to study individuals who cannot be observed in the natural setting or studied scientifically.
➢ Employs questionnaires and interviews. Also uses the examination of public records.

A

survey

59
Q

Observe people in their natural habitats.

A

naturalistic observation

60
Q

Investigates whether one observed behavior or trait is related to (correlated) with another.

A

correlation

61
Q

manipulated by experimenters so that the effects of
various levels may be determined.

A

independent variables

62
Q

the measured outcome or result.

A

dependent variable

63
Q

obtain the treatment.

A

experimental groups

64
Q

do not receive the treatment.

A

control groups

ITP (1 decks)

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