ITIL4 Terminology Def Flashcards
acceptance criteria
A list of minimum requirements that a service or service component must meet for it to be acceptable to key stakeholders.
Agile
An umbrella term for a collection of frameworks and techniques that together enable teams and individuals to work in a way that is typified by collaboration, prioritization, iterative and incremental delivery, and timeboxing. There are several specific methods (or frameworks) that are classed as Agile, such as Scrum,
architecture management
practice
The practice of providing an understanding of all the different
elements that make up an organization and how those elements
relate to one another.
asset register
A database or list of assets, capturing key attributes such as
ownership and financial value.
availability
The ability of an IT service or other configuration item to perform
its agreed function when required.
availability management
practice
The practice of ensuring that services deliver agreed levels of
availability to meet the needs of customers and users.
baseline
A report or metric that serves as a starting point against which
progress or change can be assessed.
best practice
A way of working that has been proven to be successful by
multiple organizations.
big data
The use of very large volumes of structured and unstructured data
from a variety of sources to gain new insights.
business analysis practice
The practice of analysing a business or some element of a
business, defining its needs and recommending solutions to
address these needs and/or solve a business problem, and create
value for stakeholders.
business case
A justification for expenditure of organizational resources,
providing information about costs, benefits, options, risks, and
issues.
business impact analysis (BIA)
A key activity in the practice of service continuity management
that identifies vital business functions and their dependencies.
business relationship manager
BRM
A role responsible for maintaining good relationships with one or
more customers.
call
An interaction (e.g. a telephone call) with the service desk. A call could result in an incident or a service request being logged.
call/contact centre
An organization or business unit that handles large numbers of
incoming and outgoing calls and other interactions.
capability
The ability of an organization, person, process, application,
configuration item, or IT service to carry out an activity.
capacity and performance
management practice
The practice of ensuring that services achieve agreed and
expected performance levels, satisfying current and future
demand in a cost-effective way.
capacity planning
The activity of creating a plan that manages resources to meet demand for services.
change
The addition, modification, or removal of anything that could
have a direct or indirect effect on services.
change authority
A person or group responsible for authorizing a change.
change control practice
The practice of ensuring that risks are properly assessed,
authorizing changes to proceed and managing a change schedule
in order to maximize the number of successful service and
product changes.
change model
A repeatable approach to the management of a particular type of
change.
change schedule
A calendar that shows planned and historical changes.
charging
The activity that assigns a price for services.
cloud computing
A model for enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool
of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provided
with minimal management effort or provider interaction.
compliance
The act of ensuring that a standard or set of guidelines is
followed, or that proper, consistent accounting or other practices
are being employed.
confidentiality
A security objective that ensures information is not made
available or disclosed to unauthorized entities.
configuration
An arrangement of configuration items (CIs) or other resources
that work together to deliver a product or service. Can also be
used to describe the parameter settings for one or more CIs.
configuration item (CI)
Any component that needs to be managed in order to deliver an
IT service.
configuration management
database (CMDB)
A database used to store configuration records throughout their
lifecycle. The CMDB also maintains the relationships between
configuration records.
configuration management
system (CMS)
A set of tools, data, and information that is used to support
service configuration management.
configuration record
A record containing the details of a configuration item (CI). Each
configuration record documents the lifecycle of a single CI.
Configuration records are stored in a configuration management
database.
continual improvement
practice
The practice of aligning an organization?s practices and services
with changing business needs through the ongoing identification
and improvement of all elements involved in the effective
management of products and services.
continuous deployment
An integrated set of practices and tools used to deploy software
changes into the production environment. These software changes
have already passed pre-defined automated tests.
continuous integration /
continuous delivery
An integrated set of practices and tools used to merge
developers? code, build and test the resulting software, and
package it so that it is ready for deployment.
control
The means of managing a risk, ensuring that a business objective
is achieved, or that a process is followed.
cost
The amount of money spent on a specific activity or resource.
cost centre
A business unit or project to which costs are assigned.
critical success factor (CSF)
A necessary precondition for the achievement of intended results.
culture
A set of values that is shared by a group of people, including
expectations about how people should behave, ideas, beliefs, and
practices.
customer
A person who defines the requirements for a service and takes
responsibility for the outcomes of service consumption.
customer experience (CX)
The sum of functional and emotional interactions with a service
and service provider as perceived by a service consumer.
dashboard
A real-time graphical representation of data.
deliver and support
The value chain activity that ensures services are delivered and
supported according to agreed specifications and stakeholders?
expectations.
demand
Input to the service value system based on opportunities and
needs from internal and external stakeholders.
deployment
The movement of any service component into any environment.
deployment management
practice
The practice of moving new or changed hardware, software,
documentation, processes, or any other service component to live
environments.
design and transition
The value chain activity that ensures products and services
continually meet stakeholder expectations for quality, costs, and
time to market.
design thinking
A practical and human-centred approach used by product and
service designers to solve complex problems and find practical
and creative solutions that meet the needs of an organization and
its customers.
development environment
An environment used to create or modify IT services or
applications.
DevOps
An organizational culture that aims to improve the flow of value
to customers. DevOps focuses on culture, automation, Lean,
measurement, and sharing (CALMS).
digital transformation
The evolution of traditional business models to meet the needs of
highly empowered customers, with technology playing an enabling
role.
disaster
A sudden unplanned event that causes great damage or serious
loss to an organization. A disaster results in an organization failing
to provide critical business functions for some predetermined
minimum period of time.
disaster recovery plans
A set of clearly defined plans related to how an organization will
recover from a disaster as well as return to a pre-disaster
condition, considering the four dimensions of service
management.
driver
Something that influences strategy, objectives, or requirements.
effectiveness
A measure of whether the objectives of a practice, service or
activity have been achieved.
efficiency
A measure of whether the right amount of resources have been used by a practice, service, or activity.
emergency change
A change that must be introduced as soon as possible.
engage
The value chain activity that provides a good understanding of
stakeholder needs, transparency, continual engagement, and
good relationships with all stakeholders.
environment
A subset of the IT infrastructure that is used for a particular
purpose, for example a live environment or test environment. Can
also mean the external conditions that influence or affect
something.
error
A flaw or vulnerability that may cause incidents.
error control
Problem management activities used to manage known errors.
escalation
The act of sharing awareness or transferring ownership of an issue
or work item.
event
Any change of state that has significance for the management of a
service or other configuration item.
external customer
A customer who works for an organization other than the service
provider.
failure
A loss of ability to operate to specification, or to deliver the
required output or outcome.
feedback loop
A technique whereby the outputs of one part of a system are used
as inputs to the same part of the system.
four dimensions of service
management
The four perspectives that are critical to the effective and
efficient facilitation of value for customers and other
stakeholders in the form of products and services.
goods
Tangible resources that are transferred or available for transfer
from a service provider to a service consumer, together with
ownership and associated rights and responsibilities.
governance
The means by which an organization is directed and controlled.
identity
A unique name that is used to identify and grant system access
rights to a user, person, or role.
improve
The value chain activity that ensures continual improvement of
products, services, and practices across all value chain activities
and the four dimensions of service management.
incident
An unplanned interruption to a service or reduction in the quality
of a service.
incident management
The practice of minimizing the negative impact of incidents by
restoring normal service operation as quickly as possible.
information and technology
One of the four dimensions of service management. It includes
the information and knowledge used to deliver services, and the
information and technologies used to manage all aspects of the
service value system.
information security
management practice
The practice of protecting an organization by understanding and
managing risks to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of
information.
information security policy
The policy that governs an organization?s approach to information security management.
infrastructure and platform
management practice
The practice of overseeing the infrastructure and platforms used
by an organization. This enables the monitoring of technology
solutions available, including solutions from third parties.
integrity
A security objective that ensures information is only modified by
authorized personnel and activities.
internal customer
A customer who works for the same organization as the service
provider.
Internet of Things
The interconnection of devices via the internet that were not
traditionally thought of as IT assets, but now include embedded
computing capability and network connectivity.
IT asset
Any financially valuable component that can contribute to the
delivery of an IT product or service.
IT asset management practice
The practice of planning and managing the full lifecycle of all IT
assets.
IT infrastructure
All of the hardware, software, networks, and facilities that are
required to develop, test, deliver, monitor, manage, and support
IT services.
IT service
A service based on the use of information technology.
ITIL
Best-practice guidance for IT service management.
ITIL guiding principles
Recommendations that can guide an organization in all
circumstances, regardless of changes in its goals, strategies, type
of work, or management structure.
ITIL service value chain
An operating model for service providers that covers all the key
activities required to effectively manage products and services.
Kanban
A method for visualizing work, identifying potential blockages and
resource conflicts, and managing work in progress.
key performance indicator
KPI
An important metric used to evaluate the success in meeting an
objective.
knowledge management
practice
The practice of maintaining and improving the effective,
efficient, and convenient use of information and knowledge
across an organization.
known error
A problem that has been analysed but has not been resolved.
Lean
An approach that focuses on improving workflows by maximizing
value through the elimination of waste.
lifecycle
The full set of stages, transitions, and associated statuses in the
life of a service, product, practice, or other entity.
live
Refers to a service or other configuration item operating in the
live environment.
live environment
A controlled environment used in the delivery of IT services to
service consumers.
maintainability
The ease with which a service or other entity can be repaired or
modified.
major incident
An incident with significant business impact, requiring an
immediate coordinated resolution.
management system
Interrelated or interacting elements that establish policy and objectives and enable the achievement of those objectives.
maturity
A measure of the reliability, efficiency and effectiveness of an
organization, practice, or process.
mean time between failures
MTBF
A metric of how frequently a service or other configuration item
fails.
mean time to restore service
MTRS
A metric of how quickly a service is restored after a failure.
measurement and reporting
The practice of supporting good decision-making and continual
improvement by decreasing levels of uncertainty.
metric
A measurement or calculation that is monitored or reported for
management and improvement.
minimum viable product (MVP)
A product with just enough features to satisfy early customers,
and to provide feedback for future product development.
mission statement
A short but complete description of the overall purpose and
intentions of an organization. It states what is to be achieved, but
not how this should be done.
model
A representation of a system, practice, process, service, or other
entity that is used to understand and predict its behaviour and
relationships.
modelling
The activity of creating, maintaining, and utilizing models.
monitoring
Repeated observation of a system, practice, process, service, or
other entity to detect events and to ensure that the current
status is known.
monitoring and event
management practice
The practice of systematically observing services and service
components, and recording and reporting selected changes of
state identified as events.
obtain/build
The value chain activity that ensures service components are
available when and where they are needed, and that they meet
agreed specifications.
operation
The routine running and management of an activity, product,
service, or other configuration item.
operational technology
The hardware and software solutions that detect or cause changes
in physical processes through direct monitoring and/or control of
physical devices such as valves, pumps, etc.
organization
A person or a group of people that has its own functions with
responsibilities, authorities, and relationships to achieve its
objectives.
organizational change
management practice
The practice of ensuring that changes in an organization are
smoothly and successfully implemented and that lasting benefits
are achieved by managing the human aspects of the changes.
organizational resilience
The ability of an organization to anticipate, prepare for, respond
to, and adapt to unplanned external influences.
organizational velocity
The speed, effectiveness, and efficiency with which an
organization operates. Organizational velocity influences time to
market, quality, safety, costs, and risks.
organizations and people
One of the four dimensions of service management. It ensures that the way an organization is structured and managed, as well communication, is well defined and supports its overall strategy and operating model.
outcome
A result for a stakeholder enabled by one or more outputs.
output
A tangible or intangible deliverable of an activity.
outsourcing
The process of having external suppliers provide products and
services that were previously provided internally.
partners and suppliers
One of the four dimensions of service management. It encompasses the relationships an organization has with other organizations that are involved in the design, development, deployment, delivery, support, and/or continual improvement of services.
partnership
A relationship between two organizations that involves working
closely together to achieve common goals and objectives.
performance
A measure of what is achieved or delivered by a system, person,
team, practice, or service.
pilot
A test implementation of a service with a limited scope in a live
environment.
plan
The value chain activity that ensures a shared understanding of
the vision, current status, and improvement direction for all four
dimensions and all products and services across an organization.
policy
Formally documented management expectations and intentions,
used to direct decisions and activities.
portfolio management practice
The practice of ensuring that an organization has the right mix of
programmes, projects, products, and services to execute its
strategy within its funding and resource constraints.
post-implementation review
PIR
A review after the implementation of a change, to evaluate
success and identify opportunities for improvement.
practice
A set of organizational resources designed for performing work or
accomplishing an objective.
problem
A cause, or potential cause, of one or more incidents.
problem management practice
The practice of reducing the likelihood and impact of incidents by
identifying actual and potential causes of incidents, and managing
workarounds and known errors.
procedure
A documented way to carry out an activity or a process.
process
A set of interrelated or interacting activities that transform inputs
into outputs. A process takes one or more defined inputs and
turns them into defined outputs. Processes define the sequence
of actions and their dependencies.
product
A configuration of an organization?s resources designed to offer
value for a consumer.
programme
A set of related projects and activities, and an organization
structure created to direct and oversee them.
project
A temporary structure that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more outputs (or products) according to an agreed business case.
project management practice
The practice of ensuring that all an organization?s projects are
successfully delivered.
quick win
An improvement that is expected to provide a return on
investment in a short period of time with relatively small cost and
effort.
record
A document stating results achieved and providing evidence of
activities performed.
recovery
The activity of returning a configuration item to normal operation
after a failure.
recovery point objective (RPO)
The point to which information used by an activity must be
restored to enable the activity to operate on resumption.
recovery time objective (RTO)
The maximum acceptable period of time following a service
disruption that can elapse before the lack of business
functionality severely impacts the organization.
relationship management
practice
The practice of establishing and nurturing links between an
organization and its stakeholders at strategic and tactical levels.
release
A version of a service or other configuration item, or a collection
of configuration items, that is made available for use.
release management practice
The practice of making new and changed services and features
available for use.
reliability
The ability of a product, service, or other configuration item to
perform its intended function for a specified period of time or
number of cycles.
request catalogue
A view of the service catalogue, providing details on service
requests for existing and new services, which is made available
for the user.
request for change (RFC)
A description of a proposed change used to initiate change
control.
resolution
The action of solving an incident or problem.
resource
A person, or other entity, that is required for the execution of an
activity or the achievement of an objective. Resources used by an
organization may be owned by the organization or used according
to an agreement with the resource owner.
retire
The act of permanently withdrawing a product, service, or other
configuration item from use.
risk
A possible event that could cause harm or loss, or make it more
difficult to achieve objectives. Can also be defined as uncertainty
of outcome, and can be used in the context of measuring the
probability of positive outcomes as well as negative outcomes.
risk assessment
An activity to identify, analyse, and evaluate risks.
risk management practice
The practice of ensuring that an organization understands and
effectively handles risks.
service
A means of enabling value co-creation by facilitating outcomes that customers want to achieve, without the customer having to manage specific costs and risks.
service action
Any action required to deliver a service output to a user. Service
actions may be performed by a service provider resource, by
service users, or jointly.
service architecture
A view of all the services provided by an organization. It includes
interactions between the services, and service models that
describe the structure and dynamics of each service.
service catalogue
Structured information about all the services and service offerings
of a service provider, relevant for a specific target audience.
service catalogue management
practice
The practice of providing a single source of consistent information
on all services and service offerings, and ensuring that it is
available to the relevant audience.
service configuration
management practice
The practice of ensuring that accurate and reliable information
about the configuration of services, and the configuration items
that support them, is available when and where needed.
service consumption
Activities performed by an organization to consume services. It
includes the management of the consumer?s resources needed to
use the service, service actions performed by users, and the
receiving (acquiring) of goods (if required).
service continuity management
practice
The practice of ensuring that service availability and performance
are maintained at a sufficient level in case of a disaster.
service design practice
The practice of designing products and services that are fit for
purpose, fit for use, and that can be delivered by the organization
and its ecosystem.
service desk
The point of communication between the service provider and all
its users.
service desk practice
The practice of capturing demand for incident resolution and
service requests.
service financial management
practice
The practice of supporting an organization?s strategies and plans
for service management by ensuring that the organization?s
financial resources and investments are being used effectively.
service level
One or more metrics that define expected or achieved service
quality.
service level agreement (SLA)
A documented agreement between a service provider and a
customer that identifies both services required and the expected
level of service.
service level management
practice
The practice of setting clear business-based targets for service
performance so that the delivery of a service can be properly
assessed, monitored, and managed against these targets.
service management
A set of specialized organizational capabilities for enabling value
for customers in the form of services.
service offering
A formal description of one or more services, designed to address
the needs of a target consumer group. A service offering may
include goods, access to resources, and service actions.
service owner
A role that is accountable for the delivery of a specific service.
service portfolio
A complete set of products and services that are managed throughout their lifecycles by an organization.
service provider
A role performed by an organization in a service relationship to
provide services to consumers.
service provision
Activities performed by an organization to provide services. It includes management of the provider?s resources, configured to deliver the service; ensuring access to these resources for users; fulfilment of the agreed service actions; service level management; and continual improvement. It may also include the supply of goods.
service relationship
A cooperation between a service provider and service consumer.
Service relationships include service provision, service
consumption, and service relationship management.
service relationship
management
Joint activities performed by a service provider and a service
consumer to ensure continual value co-creation based on agreed
and available service offerings.
service request
A request from a user or a user?s authorized representative that
initiates a service action which has been agreed as a normal part
of service delivery.
service request management
practice
The practice of supporting the agreed quality of a service by
handling all pre-defined, user-initiated service requests in an
effective and user-friendly manner.
service validation and testing
practice
The practice of ensuring that new or changed products and
services meet defined requirements.
service value system (SVS)
A model representing how all the components and activities of an
organization work together to facilitate value creation.
software development and
management practice
The practice of ensuring that applications meet stakeholder needs
in terms of functionality, reliability, maintainability, compliance,
and auditability.
sourcing
The activity of planning and obtaining resources from a particular
source type, which could be internal or external, centralized or
distributed, and open or proprietary.
specification
A documented description of the properties of a product, service,
or other configuration item.
sponsor
A person who authorizes budget for service consumption. Can also
be used to describe an organization or individual that provides
financial or other support for an initiative.
stakeholder
A person or organization that has an interest or involvement in an
organization, product, service, practice, or other entity.
standard
A document, established by consensus and approved by a
recognized body, that provides for common and repeated use,
mandatory requirements, guidelines, or characteristics for its
subject.
standard change
A low-risk, pre-authorized change that is well understood and
fully documented, and which can be implemented without
needing additional authorization.
status
A description of the specific states an entity can have at a given
time.
strategy management practice
The practice of formulating the goals of an organization and adopting the courses of action and allocation of resources necessary for achieving those goals.
supplier
A stakeholder responsible for providing services that are used by
an organization.
supplier management practice
The practice of ensuring that an organization?s suppliers and their
performance levels are managed appropriately to support the
provision of seamless quality products and services.
support team
A team with the responsibility to maintain normal operations,
address users? requests, and resolve incidents and problems
related to specified products, services, or other configuration
items.
system
A combination of interacting elements organized and maintained
to achieve one or more stated purposes.
systems thinking
A holistic approach to analysis that focuses on the way that a
system?s constituent parts work, interrelate, and interact over
time, and within the context of other systems.
technical debt
The total rework backlog accumulated by choosing workarounds
instead of system solutions that would take longer.
test environment
A controlled environment established to test products, services,
and other configuration items.
third party
A stakeholder external to an organization.
throughput
A measure of the amount of work performed by a product,
service, or other system over a given period of time.
transaction
A unit of work consisting of an exchange between two or more
participants or systems.
use case
A technique using realistic practical scenarios to define functional
requirements and to design tests.
user
A person who uses services.
utility
The functionality offered by a product or service to meet a particular need. Utility can be summarized as ?what the service does? and can be used to determine whether a service is ?fit for purpose?. To have utility, a service must either support the performance of the consumer or remove constraints from the consumer. Many services do both.
utility requirements
Functional requirements which have been defined by the
customer and are unique to a specific product.
validation
Confirmation that the system, product, service, or other entity
meets the agreed specification.
value
The perceived benefits, usefulness, and importance of something.
value stream
A series of steps an organization undertakes to create and deliver
products and services to consumers.
value streams and processes
One of the four dimensions of service management. It defines the
activities, workflows, controls, and procedures needed to achieve
the agreed objectives.
vision
A defined aspiration of what an organization would like to
become in the future.
warranty
Assurance that a product or service will meet agreed requirements. Warranty can be summarized as ?how the service performs? and can be used to determine whether a service is ?fit for use?. Warranty often relates to service levels aligned with the needs of service consumers. This may be based on a formal agreement, or it may be a marketing message or brand image. Warranty typically addresses such areas as the availability of the service, its capacity, levels of security, and continuity. A service may be said to provide acceptable assurance, or ?warranty?, if all defined and agreed conditions are met.
warranty requirements
Typically non-functional requirements captured as inputs from
key stakeholders and other practices.
waterfall method
A development approach that is linear and sequential with
distinct objectives for each phase of development.
work instruction
A detailed description to be followed in order to perform an
activity.
workaround
A solution that reduces or eliminates the impact of an incident or
problem for which a full resolution is not yet available. Some
workarounds reduce the likelihood of incidents.
workforce and talent
management practice
The practice of ensuring that an organization has the right people
with the appropriate skills and knowledge and in the correct roles
to support its business objectives.
