ITEC96 (Sir Galos) Flashcards
is a broad term that can encompass a variety of subjects and fields, depending on the context.
It generally refers to the technologies and systems that provide a foundation for other applications, services, or products to be built upon.
Platform Technologies
is any base of technologies on which other technologies or processes are built.
platform
are set of foundation tools, systems, and protocols that enable the creation, development, and deployment of various applications, services, or products.
Platform Technologies
A set of disciplines that describes a computer system by specifying its parts and their relations provides physical environment.
Hardware Architecture
A collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs.
Operating System
is an essential component of the system software in a computer system.
operating system
The most important program that runs on your computer
operating system
It manages all the available resources on a computer, from the CPU, to
memory, to hard disk accesses.
operating system
is a program that acts an intermediary between the user of a computer and computer hardware.
operating system
IBM first mainframes introduced
1958
Introduction of IBM PC
1981
Enterprise application providers
SAP and Oracle
Connect multiple storage devices on dedicated network
Storage area networks (SANs)
ensuring new infrastructure works with legacy systems
Software integration
older TPS created for mainframes that would be too costly to replace or redesign
Legacy systems
Various types of servers
network, application, Web
is an abstraction of a running program
Process
It enables doing several things at the same time
Process
is something that may be stored on disk, not doing anything
program
This rapid switching back and forth is called
multiprogramming
Contains important information
about the process’ state
Process Table
Information that must be saved when the process is switched from running to ready or blocked state so that it can be restarted later
Process Table
give the ability for the parallel entities to share an address space and all of its data
Threads
are lighter weight than processes, so they are easier (i.e., faster) to create and destroy
Threads
allow computing and IO activities to overlap
Threads
interacts with the user
First thread
handles reformatting in the background
Second thread
handles the disk backups
Third thread
reads incoming requests for work from the network and chooses an idle (i.e., blocked) worker thread to hand the request
dispatcher
is the situation of allowing multiple threads in the same process
Multithreading
No two processes may be simultaneously inside their critical regions
Mutual Exclusion (mutex)
No assumptions may be made about speeds or the number of CPUs.
No Assumption
No process running outside its critical region may block other processes
Progress
No process should have to wait forever to enter its critical region.
No Starvation
the part of the program where shared variables are accessed
Critical region
consumer problem
Producer
Models processes competing for exclusive access to a limited number of resources such as I/O devices
Dining philosophers problem (Dijkstra)
writers problem
Readers
What are the units of execution
Processes
What are the possible execution states of a process?
Running, ready, waiting
How does a process move from one state to another?
Scheduling, I/O, creation, termination
How is work scheduled in the CPU?
Process states, process queues, context switches
very useful for applications
Multithreading
