ITEC45 (Sir Rollo) Flashcards
is a set of connected devices.
is a set of nodes that are interconnected to permit the exchange of information.
is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.
Network
refers to the way in which the end points, or stations, attached to the network are interconnected.
refers to the shape of a network, or the network’s layout
may define both physical and logical aspect of the network.
Topology
is either a redistribution point or a communication endpoint.
any system or device connected to a network is also called a node.
Node
is the arrangement with which computer systems or network devices are connected to each other.
Network Topology
is the simplest topology that connects two nodes directly together with a common link.
networks contains exactly two hosts such as computer, switches, routers, or servers connected back to back using a single piece of cable.
Often, the receiving end of one host is connected to sending end of the other and vice versa.
Point to Point Topology
all devices are connected to a central cable, called the ___ or backbone
Each end of the cable is terminated using a special terminator.
all devices share single communication line or cable.
there is a main cable and all the devices are connected to this main cable through drop lines.
There is a device called tap that connects the drop line to the main cable.
if one workstation goes faulty all workstations may be affected as all workstations share the same cable for the sending and receiving of information.
Bus Topology
is a connector that either splices into the main cable or punctures the sheathing of a cable to create a contact with the metallic core.
Tap
is a connection running between the device and the main cable.
Drop line
uses a central hub through which, all components are connected.
is not expensive as to connect one more host, only one cable is required and configuration is simple.
Star Topology
is the host computer, and at the end of each connection is a terminal.
Central Hub
all devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop, so that each device is connected directly to two other devices, one on either side of it
When one host tries to communicate or send message to a host which is not adjacent to it, the data travels through all intermediate hosts.
This structure forms a ring
Ring Topology
In this type of topology, a host is connected to one or multiple hosts.
This topology has hosts in point-to-point connection with every other host or may also have hosts which are in point-to-point connection with few hosts only.
Mesh Topology
All hosts have a point-to-point connection to every other host in the network. Thus for every new host n(n-1)/2 connections are required. It provides the most reliable network structure among all network topologies.
Full Mesh
Not all hosts have point-to-point connection to every other host. Hosts connect to each other in some arbitrarily fashion. This topology exists where we need to provide reliability to some hosts out of all.
Partially Mesh
Also known as Hierarchical Topology.
this is the most common form of network topology in use presently.
is a LAN topology in which only one route exists between any two nodes on the network.
is a hybrid topology, it is similar to the star topology but the nodes are connected to the secondary hub, which in turn is connected to the central hub
Tree Topology
A network structure whose design contains more than one topology
inherits merits and demerits of all the incorporating topologies.
Hybrid Topology
is smallest network which is very personal to a user.
this may include Bluetooth enabled devices or infra-red enabled devices.
has connectivity range up to 10 meters.
may include wireless computer keyboard and mouse, Bluetooth enabled headphones, wireless printers, and TV remotes.
Personal Area Network (PAN)
a computer network spanned inside a building and operated under single administrative system
covers an organization offices, schools, colleges or universities. Number of systems connected in LAN may vary from as least as two to as much as 16 million.
are composed of inexpensive networking and routing equipment. It may contains local servers serving file storage and other locally shared applications. It mostly operates on private IP addresses and does not involve heavy routing. LAN works under its own local domain and controlled centrally
Local Area Network (LAN)
is most widely employed LAN technology and uses Star topology, while Token-ring is rarely seen.
is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks, metropolitan area networks and wide area networks.
Ethernet
generally expands throughout a city such as cable TV network. It can be in the form of Ethernet, Token-ring, ATM, or Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).
is a service which is provided by ISPs. This service enables its users to expand their Local Area Networks.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
covers a wide area which may span across provinces and even a whole country.
Generally, telecommunication networks are Wide Area Network. These networks provide connectivity to MANs and LANs. Since they are equipped with very high speed backbone, WANs use very expensive network equipment.
may use advanced technologies such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay, and Synchronous Optical Network (SONET). WAN may be managed by multiple administration.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A network of networks
is the largest network in existence on this planet.
hugely connects all WANs and it can have connection to LANs and Home networks.
uses very high speed backbone of fiber optics.
Internetwork
one whole network process is divided into small tasks. Each small task is then assigned to a particular layer which works dedicatedly to process the task only. Every layer does only specific work.
one layer of a host deals with the task done by or to be done by its peer layer at the same level on the remote host. The task is either initiated by layer at the lowest level or at the top most level.
Layered Task
is an open standard for all communication systems.
OSI Model
OSI MODEL layers
Physical Layer (Layer 1)
Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
Network Layer (Layer 3)
Transport Layer (Layer 4)
defines in which contains four layered architecture
Internet Model
The unique number ID assigned to one host or interface in a network.
Address
A portion of a network that shares a particular subnet address
Subnet
A 32-bit combination used to describe which portion of an address refers to the subnet and which part refers to the host.
Subnet mask
A network connection.
Interface
used to identify systems on a TCP/IP network.
is an absolute identifier of both the individual machine and the network on which it resides.
IP Addresses
identifies the physical network to which the computer is attached.
Prefix
identifies an individual computer on that network.
Suffix
manually input by network administrator
manageable for small networks
requires careful checks to avoid duplication
Static Address
assigned by server when host boots.
derived automatically from a range of addresses.
duration of ‘lease’ negotiated, then address released back to server
Dynamic Address
