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Midterm > ITEC36 (Sir Noel) > Flashcards

ITEC36 (Sir Noel) Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the suppression
of details of data organization and
storage, and the highlighting of the
essential features for an improved
understanding of data.

A

Data Abstraction

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2
Q

a collection of concepts that can be used to
describe the structure of a database -
provides the necessary means to achieve
this abstraction.

A

Data Model

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3
Q

CATEGORIES OF DATA MODEL

A
  1. High-level or Conceptual Data
    Models
  2. Low-level or Physical Data Models
  3. Representational (or
    implementation) Data Models
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4
Q

provide concepts that are close to the
way many users perceive data

Conceptual data models use concepts
such as entities, attributes, and
relationships.

A

High-level or Conceptual Data
Models

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5
Q

represents a real-world object or
concept

A

Entity

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6
Q

represents some property of
interest that further describes an entity

A

Attribute

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7
Q

among two or more entities
represents an association among the
entities,

A

Relationship

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8
Q

provide concepts that describe the
details of how data is stored on the
computer storage media, typically
magnetic disks.

A

Low-level or Physical Data
Models

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9
Q

provide concepts that may be easily
understood by end users but that are not
too far removed from the way data is
organized in computer storage

A

Representational (or
implementation) Data Models

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10
Q

represents the logical configuration of
all part of a relational database. It can
exist both as visual representation and
as a set of formulas known as integrity
constraints that govern a database

A

DATABASE SCHEMA

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11
Q

A displayed schema is called a what

A

Schema Diagram

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12
Q

Refers to the content of a database at
a moment in time.

It is also called the current set of
occurrences or instances in the
database.

A

DATABASE STATE or
SNAPSHOT

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13
Q

is property of
DBMS that helps you to change the
Database schema at one level of a
database system without requiring to
change the schema at the next higher
level. it also helps you to
keep data separated from all programs
that make use of it.

A

DATA INDEPENDENCE

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14
Q

is the capacity to change the
conceptual schema without having to
change external schemas or
application programs.

A

Logical data independence

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15
Q

is the capacity to change the internal
schema without having to change the
conceptual schema

A

Physical data independence

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16
Q

are the set of
statements, that are used to define and
manipulate a database.

A

Database Languages

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17
Q

has appropriate languages
and interfaces to express database
queries and updates.

A

DBMS

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18
Q

defines the statements to
implement the database schema.

A

DDL (Data Definition Language)

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19
Q

is a Database Management
System (DBMS) from Microsoft that combines
the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine
with a graphical user interface and software
development tools.

A

Microsoft Access

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20
Q

stores information which
is called a database.

A

Microsoft Access

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21
Q

is an object that is used to
define and store data.

A

Tables

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22
Q

An object that provides a custom view
of data from one or more tables.

A

Query

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23
Q

is an object in a desktop database
designed primarily for data input or
display or for control of application
execution.

A

Form

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24
Q

is an object in desktop
databases designed for
formatting, calculating,
printing, and summarizing
selected data.

A

Report

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25
Q

This object is a structured definition
of one or more actions that you
want Access to perform in response
to a defined event.

A

Macro

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26
Q

is an object in desktop
databases containing custom
procedures that you code using
Visual Basic.

provide a more discrete
flow of actions and allow you to trap
errors.

A

Module

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27
Q

Every relation has some conditions
that must hold for it to be a valid
relation.

A

Relational Integrity Constraints.

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28
Q

three main relational
Integrity constraints

A

Key constraints

Domain constraints

Referential integrity constraints

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29
Q

An attribute that can uniquely identify
a tuple in a relation is called the key to
the table.

are also referred to as
Entity Constraints.

A

KEY CONSTRAINTS

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30
Q

can be violated
if an attribute value is not
appearing in the corresponding
domain, or it is not of the
appropriate data type.

A

DOMAIN CONSTRAINTS

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31
Q

specify that within
each tuple, and the value of each
attribute must be unique.

A

DOMAIN CONSTRAINTS

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32
Q

is an important attribute
of a relation which should be referred to
in other relationships.

A

foreign key

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33
Q

is an
arrangement of relation states in
such a manner that every relational
database state fulfills the integrity
constraints set on a relational
database schema.

A

RELATIONAL DATABASE SCHEMA

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34
Q

Defines the numerical attributes of
the relationship between two entities
or entity sets.

A

CARDINALITY

35
Q

represents a
real-world object or
concept

A

Entity

36
Q

Types of Attributes

A

Simple Attributes

Composite Attributes

Multi-valued Attributes

Derived Attributes

37
Q

represents some
property of interest
that further describes
an entity

A

Attribute

38
Q

are atomic values,
which cannot be
divided further.

they are also called
single-valued
attributes.

A

Simple attributes

39
Q

are
made of more than
one simple attribute.

A

Composite
attributes

40
Q

may
contain more than
one values.

A

Multi-value
attribute

41
Q

are
the attributes that do
not exist in the physical
database, but their
values are derived from
other attributes present
in the database.

A

Derived attributes

42
Q

a
single instance of an entity is
associated with a single instance of
another entity

A

One-to-One Relationships

43
Q

a
single instance of an entity is
associated with more than one
instances of another entity

A

One-to-Many Relationships

44
Q

more than one instances of an
entity is associated with a single
instance of another entity

A

Many-to-One Relationships

45
Q

more than one instances of an
entity is associated with more than
one instances of another entity

A

Many-to-Many Relationships

46
Q

provides operations that handle user
requests, offering a way to access and
manipulate the data that users store within
a database.

A

Data manipulation language (DML)

47
Q

are set-oriented and specify what
data to retrieve than how to retrieve. Also
called declarative languages.

A

High Level or Non-procedural Languages

48
Q

record-at-a-time; they specify how to retrieve
data and include constructs such as looping

A

Low Level or Procedural Languages

49
Q

is a user interface which allows for
the ability to input queries to a database
without using the query language itself.

could be a web client, a
local client that runs on a desktop computer, or
even a mobile app.

A

DBMS INTERFACE

50
Q

These interfaces present the user
with lists of options (called menus)
that lead the user through the
formulation of a request.

A

Menu-Based Interfaces for Web
Clients or Browsing.

51
Q

displays a
form to each user.

A

Forms-Based Interfaces

52
Q

typically displays a schema to
the user in diagrammatic form.

A

Graphical User Interfaces

53
Q

These interfaces accept requests
written in English or some other
language and attempt to understand
them.

A

Natural Language Interfaces

54
Q

The speech input is detected using a
library of predefined words and used to
set up the parameters that are supplied
to the queries.

For output, a similar conversion from
text or numbers into speech takes place

A

Speech Input and Output.

55
Q

Parametric users, such as bank
tellers, often have a small set of
operations that they must perform
repeatedly

A

Interfaces for Parametric Users

56
Q

it is a collective system of components that
comprise and regulates the group of data,
management and use of data which consist
of software, hardware, people, techniques of
handling database and the data also

A

DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

57
Q

is used to load existing data
files—such as text files or sequential
files—into the database.

A

loading utility

58
Q

creates a backup copy of
the database, usually by dumping the entire
database onto tape or other mass storage
medium.

A

backup

59
Q

This utility can be used to reorganize a set
of database files into different file
organizations and create new access paths to
improve performance.

A

DATABASE STORAGE
REORGANIZATION

60
Q

used in the design phase of database
systems

A

CASE TOOLS

61
Q

this is another tool that can be quite useful
in large organizations

also called information repository

A

DATA DICTIONARY (or DATA
REPOSITORY) SYSTEM.

62
Q

These systems provide an environment for
developing database applications and include
facilities that help in many facets of database
systems, including database design, GUI
development, querying and updating, and
application program development.

A

APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTS

63
Q

combines everything into single system
including- DBMS software, hardware,
application programs and user interface
processing software.

A

CENTRALIZED DBMS

64
Q

The client/server architecture was
developed to deal with computing
environments in which a large number of
PCs, workstations, file servers, printers, data
base servers, Web servers, e-mail servers,
and other software and equipment are

A

BASIC CLIENT/SERVER
ARCHITECTURES

65
Q

The design of a DBMS depends on its
architecture. It can be centralized or
decentralized or hierarchical.

A

DATABASE ARCHITECTURE

66
Q

the DBMS is the only
entity where the user directly sits on the
DBMS and uses it.

Any changes done here will directly be done
on the DBMS itself.

It does not provide handy tools for end-users.

Database designers and programmers normally
prefer to use the single-tier architecture.

A

TIER 1

67
Q

the it
must have an application through which the
DBMS can be accessed.

Programmers use 2-tier architecture where
they access the DBMS by means of an
application.

Here the application tier is entirely
independent of the database in terms of
operation, design and programming

A

TIER 2

68
Q

separates its tiers
from each other based on the
complexity of the users and how they
use the data present in the database.

It is most widely used architecture to
design a DBMS

A

TIER 3

69
Q

At this tier, the database resides
along its query processing
languages.

We also have the relations that
define the date and their constraints
at this level.

A

Database (Data) Tier

70
Q

At this tier reside the application
server and the programs that access
the database

A

Application (Middle) Tier

71
Q

End-users operate on this tier, and
they know nothing about any
existence of the database beyond
this layer

A

User (Presentation) Tier

72
Q

The relational data model was
introduced by who?

A

Edgar. F. Codd in 1969.

73
Q

is the primary
data model, which is used widely
around the world for data storage and
processing. This model is simple, and it
has all the properties and capabilities
required to process data with storage
efficiency.

A

RELATIONAL DATA MODEL

74
Q

represents records

A

rows

75
Q

represent the attributes

A

column

76
Q

A single row of a table, which contains
a single record for that relation is called
a what?

A

Tuple

77
Q

A finite set of tuples in the relational
database system represents what

A

Relation Instance

78
Q

describes the
relation’s name (table name), attributes,
and their names.

A

Relation Schema

79
Q

Each row has one or more attributes, which can
identify the row in the relation (table)
uniquely.

A

Relation Key

80
Q

Every attribute has some pre-defined
value scope,

A

Attribute Domain

81
Q

is the original sets of atomic
values used to model data.

A

Domain

82
Q

we mean that each
value in the domain is indivisible as far
as the relational model is concerned.

A

atomic value

83
Q
A

Midterm (3 decks)

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