ITE 2021

Question 1

Haldane Effect

Answer 1

Process of oxygen binding to hemoglobin and displacing CO2, resulting in a downward shift of the CO2 dissociation curve & facilitating removal of CO2 from the body

Question 2

Bohr Effect

Answer 2

Process of CO2 binding to hemoglobin and displacing O2, resulting in a rightward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Question 3

Boyle’s Law

Answer 3

Pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature

Question 4

Dalton’s Law

Answer 4

Total pressure of a non-reacting gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture

Question 5

Vapor pressure, B:G of SEVOFLURANE

Answer 5

160

0.69

Question 6

Vapor pressure, B:G of DESFLURANE

Answer 6

681

0.42

Question 7

Vapor pressure, B:G of ISOFLURANE

Answer 7

240

1.4

Question 8

Vapor pressure, B:G of HALOTHANE

Answer 8

243

2.5

Question 9

Vapor pressure, B:G of N2O

Answer 9

38,770

0.47

Question 10

Vapor pressure, B:G of ENFLURANE

Answer 10

175

1.9

Question 11

MELD score

Answer 11

Bilirubin
INR
Creatinine

Question 12

Normal plasma electrolyte composition

Answer 12

Na 140
K 5
Cl 100
Ca 4.4
Mg 2
Bicarb 24
Lactate 1
Osmolarity 285

Question 13

0.9% NaCl

Answer 13

Na 154
Cl 154
Osmolarity 308

Question 14

1.8% NaCl

Answer 14

Na 308
Cl 308
Osmolarity 616

Question 15

Lactated Ringer’s

Answer 15

Na 130
K 4
Cl 109
Ca 3
Lactate 28
Osmolarity 273

Question 16

Plasmalyte/Normosol

Answer 16

Na 140
K 5
Cl 98
Mg 3
Osmolarity 294

Question 17

Hartmann Solution

Answer 17

Na 131
K 5
Cl 111
Ca 4
Lactate 29
Osmolarity 275

Question 18

5% Dextrose

Answer 18

Glucose 50

Osmolarity 252

Question 19

5% Dextrose/0.45% NaCl

Answer 19

Na 77
Cl 77
Glucose 50
Osmolarity 406

Question 20

5% Dextrose/LR

Answer 20

Na 130
K 4
Cl 109
Ca 3
Lactate 0
Glucose 50
Osmolarity 525

Question 21

Hydroxyethyl Starch 6%

Answer 21

Na 154
Cl 154
Osmolarity 309

Question 22

Acetazolamide

Answer 22

Alkalinizes urine, resulting in decreased serum bicarb, = K+ and Na+, BUT increased serum H+ and Cl-

Question 23

Butorphanol

Answer 23

Mixed mu opioid receptor agonist-antagonist (good for treating pain & post-neuraxial pruritis)
AND kappa opioid receptor partial agonist (good for treating post-op shivering)

Question 24

Most common valvulopathy associated with RA

Answer 24

Mitral valve disease (specifically mitral regurgitation)

Question 25

Which inhaled anesthetic potentiates a neuromuscular blockade the MOST?

Answer 25

Desflurane > sevo > iso > halothane > N2O/barbs/opioid > propofol

Basically: Greatest effect = LEAST potent
(Iso is the most potent = smallest MAC)

Question 26

Echinacea

Answer 26

Activation of cell-mediated immunity; chronic immunosuppression

Question 27

Ephedra

Answer 27

Ventricular arrhythmias; endogenous catecholamine depletion

Question 28

Garlic

Answer 28

Bleeding via inhibition of platelet aggregation

Question 29

Ginger

Answer 29

Bleeding via inhibition of platelet aggregation

Question 30

Gingko

Answer 30

Bleeding via inhibition of platelet aggregation

Question 31

Ginseng

Answer 31

Bleeding via inhibition of platelet aggregation; HYPOGLYCEMIA

Question 32

Kava

Answer 32

Increased sedation

Question 33

Saw Palmetto

Answer 33

Bleeding via cyclooxygenase inhibition

Question 34

St. John’s Wort

Answer 34

CYP450 induction; delayed emergence

Question 35

Valerian Root

Answer 35

Increased sedation; possible increased MAC requirement