ITCS - COL 1 Flashcards
What is the Z3?
First electro-mechanical digital computer
What is ARPANet?
net intended for fast exchange of information
Who introduced the basics of algebra?
Al-Kwharizmi
How was the Y2K problem resolved?
By changing the record of years from 2 digits to 4
Who was Ada Lovelace?
The first programmer, who calculated the Bernoulli numbers and translated Menabra’s records
Who was the first computer to use transistors?
NCR 304
What makes Donald Knuth important?
first defined the basic algorithms and programming techniques, laid the foundations for data structures and software enginnering
What did the sings on turtles in China represent?
Quantities
What is meant by 5th generation computers
Computers based on Artificial Intelligence
How many copies of the Pascaline were made?
50
What is the von Neumann architecture?
A way of building computers
When did the promotion of PC’s as tools for office work start?
1979
The numerator in Egyptian fractions is:
1
What is a millennium bug?
Inadequate record of the years with 2 digits
What did Joseph Marie Jacquard invent?
A loom that used punch cards
What and with which machine did Turing solve?
Using Collosus he solved encrypted german messages
Who were the most famous microprocessor companies in 20th century?
Intel and Motorola
What were the first aids for addition and subtraction?
Fingers, pebbles, small objects, etc
What are P2P (peer to peer) networks?
Storage and content sharing networks
When were the Babbage machines conceived?
At the beginning of the 19th century
What is an algorithm?
Final sequence of steps leading to a solution
What was the most popular Web browser in 2012?
Google Chrome
The first mechanical calculators were made in:
The 17th century
What were the most significant benefits of the first Macintosh?
G-mouse and an operating system with icons
Why weren’t the Babbage machines designed?
There were no technical conditions
What is COBOL?
The first programming language for business purposes
Who made the first Winchester Hard-Drive?
Alan Sugart
Can subtraction be realized by addition?
Yes, by using decimal complement
Who is the father of computing?
Charles Babbage
What is the Madrid Code?
Leonardo DaVinci’s drawings
What can be realized with the help of an abacus?
All four arithmetic operations can be realized
What are the two key features of Web 2.0?
Social Networks and content sharing
Who made the first Staffelwalze automatic calculator?
Leibnitz
What was the first commercial computer?
UNIVAC
When did the first laptops appear?
Between 1875 and 1984
What did John Napier invent?
Napier bones, and logarithmic tables
When was the first IPad sold?
May 3rd, 2010
What effect did Shikard’s calculator have on the development of the calculators?
No effect
What is the first programming language?
Plankalcul
What is an IBM compatible computer?
A PC that fits the standard for the production of PC’s
Which varieties of the abacus are the most famous?
Roman and Chinese
When did Google Chrome appear?
in 2008
What were the input units of the analytical machine?
Two rows of cards for data and operations
What is the first general-purpose, automatic, electro-mechanical calculator?
Mark I (IBM ASCC)
What are the most famous European PC’s from the 80’s?
Spectrum, Commodore and Atari
What were the calculators from the pre-information period?
Manual and mechanical
When was IBM founded?
1924
What is CUDA?
Parallel computer platform for graphic processing
What century was algebra introduced?
In the 9th century
Who created the tabulating machine and founded IBM?
Herman Hollerith
What was the ABC?
A calculator with an electronic arithmetic unit
What was the first invention of Jobs and Wozniak?
Apple I
Which invention was used by 3rd generation computers?
Integrated circuit
What is CP / M?
Operating System
Negative numbers in the Pascaline were represented by:
Their decimal complement
What was done using the Cholerit machine and when?
The processing of the US census in 1890
Whose operating system is Android?
Google’s
What is a compiler?
Translator of the source code into machine language
What is a HyperCard?
Used for displaying content on the internet
What influence did Konrad Zuse have on future inventions?
None
How big was the first floppy disk?
8 inches or 20.32 centimeters
What was the analytical machine supposed to consist of?
The same components as as modern computers
What was the first computer game?
Spacewar
The decimal point was introduced by:
Dutch Sailors
What did Denis Ritchie create, and with what?
The UNIX OS using the C programming language
Who founded the GNU project?
Richard Stallman
What is a Novel?
Network operating sytem
Who was the first to introduce hyperlinks?
The Xanadu project
Pictograms are:
Thumbnails that represent physical objects
The first commercial mechanical calculator was called:
The Arithmometer
Who was the father of electronic computers?
John Atanasoff
What are the first two inventions of Bill Gates?
MITS Altair 8800 and Basic programming language
Who are the creators of the integrated circuit?
Jack Killby and Robert Noyes
When and in which company was the first chip for mass use produced?
In 1971, at Intel
The rightmost beads of the Roman abacus were used for:
Financial calculations
What are the features of the new memory devices?
Huge accommodation capacity, peripheral memories, new types of disk and USB flash drives
VSLI technology is based on?
CMOS technology of metal-oxide semiconductors
The Minitel project:
Provided ten of thousands of services, has been by tens of millions of users, is a former project of François Telecom
Future generations of computing:
Are developed to replace microprocessors
What is acoustic memory?
Sound wave based memory in a poultry steam column
What did Konrad Zuse do?
Created a electro-mechanical computer, a computer that uses a programming language, relay computer with binary arithmetic
The Internet:
Started with ARPANet, was intended for packet switching, enabled email
What is the oldest computer in Macedonia?
IBM 1130
What is Ethernet?
Standard for short distance computer network connection
What is the first video game system?
The Nintendo Entertainment System
What are the two types of memory cells on a differential machine?
Registers for final differences and accumulators for intermediate results
Frank Baldwin invented:
Wind speed measuring device, Monroe calculator with keyboard, one of the two calculators that were the basis of all mechanical computers
What did the 2nd generation of computers use?
Transistors
The binary system was introduced by:
Leibniz
When and where did the abacus first appear?
In China, in the XXVI century BC
What did Grace Marie Hopper invent?
The first compiler and COBOL
What was the first microcomputer?
MCS-4
What are the two versions of the Roman abacus?
Tables called calculi and the manual abacus
What was the ENIAC?
A programmable calculator
When was the first hypermedia system created?
In the 80’s
When were the Babbage machines conceived?
At the beginning of the 19th century
Nikola Tesla:
Detected alternating current, worked on wireless power transmission, discovered ways of transmitting alternating current
What was the first language of artificial intelligence?
LISP
What was the differential machine supposed to do?
Solve mathematical functions with finite differences
“The number of transistors on a chip doubles every year.” i a law defined by:
Gordon Moore
What is meant by GPU?
Graphics Processing Unit
What is the Pascaline?
Mechanical calculator with automatic position transfer
What was Deep Blue?
The first computer to beat a world champion in chess
What are LED screens made of?
Liquid crystals, they use light emitting diodes in the background, diodes of different colors that determine their type
What type of mice are used?
Mechanical, optical and laser
Digital compression is most often done with:
Lossy compression
Ram is:
Fickle, stores data only when live
What is the smallest named whole?
The file
What is a pixel?
Each point of a computer image that can be viewed and controlled on the screen
What do input devices do?
Translate messages into electrical signals
MP3 audio compression:
Takes up 10x less memory
What is an I / O controller?
Special purpose processor
The number of transistors cannot grow indefinitely due to:
The constant temperature produced by each transistor regardless of its size
How many different patterns can be made with 5 bits?
32
When are matrix printers used?
To get copies of the original documet
How many images does the optical mouse camera take?
1500 images per second
The password of the complex instruction set is:
More instructions, more complex
The advantage of binary language:
Is based on two mutually exceptional states of presence and absence of electricity
What is a bit?
A bit is the smallest unit of data that a computer can process and store
With what is the back of the screen coated with on a cathode ray tube?
With a thin layer of phosphorus
Which group of devices does the mouse belong to?
Pointing input devices
What is an oscilloscope?
Instrument for examining the rapid changes that occur with the oscillation caused by an electrical signal
What is MDR?
Data register in memory
The human brain has:
10x more neurons than the maximum number of transistors on a chip
The symbol for the AND logic for is:
Like a wall plug
Instruction Register:
Stores the instruction taken from memory
DNA binary code can be stored:
Content measured in 5.5 petabytes
Big Endian?
Left to right
How many different shades does SVGA adapter differ from?
Over 260,000 shades
How many electrical circuits are there on a keyboard?
As much as there are keys
What is a signal?
A wave that changes over time and caries information
The instructions in machine code consist of:
Operation code and address fields
Graphene nanoparticles:
10 nanometers, have semiconductor properties, can work in parallel
The octal number system consists of an alphabet with:
8 symbols
How do matrix printers form characters?
With the help of pins that hit the tape
What is the operation of mechanical mice based on?
On two cylinders that have metal contact points
What is MAR?
Register of memory addresses
If one image occupies an average of 0.5MB, how many images can be stored in one CD?
1300-1400 images
From which colors is a color formed on the screen?
Red, green and blue
Does the computer communicate with the BIOS?
Yes, because it generates scan code that goes into BIOS
Store (address, value):
Overwrites the existing value in the memory cell
The smalles transistors are made of:
Only one atom???
What is the capacity of a floppy disk?
1.44MB
Wave interference is:
Collecting waves
Qubits are:
Two-dimensional binary elements
What is memory width?
Number of bits housed in a single cell
Optical computers of the future:
Use the phenomena of light
Can a picture be drawn with stencil printers?
Yes, but only with the help of signs
What is a tracker ball?
The ball is placed on a special base in which there are motion-sensitive sensors, found on the a mouse
What is UPSIDE?
Development technology for creating probabilistic computing chips
What is a byte?
A group of 8 bits, enough to represent one character
The louder the sound:
The higher the frequency
What are registers?
A type of memory
Nanotechnology creates:
Microscopic devices at the atomic level, Devices whose dimensions are measured in nanometers, new molecules of compounds
One KiB (kibibyte) is equal to:
1024 bytes
What is screen resolution?
The number of pixels in one horizontal and one vertical line on the screen
To which group of keys is the keyboard divided?
Alphanumerical, numerical, functional and navigational
If the width of the address is N bits, what is the address space?
^N
Analog signals are represented by:
continuous functions
How are arithmetic-logical operations performed on digital computers?
Using binary numbers
What is the width of the address?
Number of bits used to represent a memory address
What do output devices do?
Translate electrical impulses into image or sound
What does the scanner do?
Copies images and converts the into digital format
Is the analog signal more noise resistant than the digital signal?
No
The execution program is stored in:
The main memory
DNA computers are made of:
Acid polymers
A group of 2,3 or 4 bytes is called a:
Word
Does the mouse communicate with the BIOS?
No, but directly with the software
Frequency is:
Change in unit time
How many different aproaches are there to instruction set design?
RISC and CISC
Katomes are?
Dynamic 3D shapes and objects that cooperate and interact with each other
Which device translates what is written from image to text?
Optical character reader
Processes in digital computers are realized:
In a discrete form
What is a byte?
The smallest addressable whole
Where is the CCR?
Arithmetic logical unit
How often is the screen refreshed?
60 times per second
The number of transistors on a chip is limited to?
19 trillion
Memory operations are:
Fetch and Store
Modern processors have more than:
One billion transistors
The potential address space of 64 bit machines is:
~1.8 x 10^19 bytes
What happens to the images in the digital camera after it is turned off?
They are temporarily stored in the long-term memory
Program instructions are executed:
Sequentially
The record density of one cubic millimeter with DNA binary code is:
1 TB
What is the capacity of a DVD?
4.7GB for single sided and 18GB for double sided recording
What is the main memory access time?
50-75 nanoseconds
Probabilistic Informatics is developed using?
Analog processors
What is the size of a memory cell?
1 byte
What is the operation of optical mice based on?
Small camera and CMOS
What do modern plotters use?
Green agron ion lasers, helium-neon lasers, light emitting diodes
Instructions in machine code language consist of:
Opeartion code and address fields
Output devices display the data:
Both in analog and digital format
Typical width of an address is?
32 bits
What is true about output devices?
Display data in a format that people understand, translate electrical impulses into digital data, transmit electrical impulses to visual, tactile or audio devices.
What is GPS?
Global Positioning System - determines position via satellite
The digital signals on the monitor are represented in:
Digital format
Why is a keyboard considered a small computer?
Because it has a microprocessor and memory
Can the font be changed to OCR converted text?
Yes, because it translates it into a text document
Playing sticks are used as:
A part of assistive technologies, for industrial purposes, for playing
The Mac OS X Commercial File system is:
HFS
Which peripheral device contains an analog-to-digital converter?
The scanner
What does the modem do?
Translate digital signals into telephone and vice versa
How is the volume of a speaker regulated?
Through a program or a potentiometer
Tablets and touch screens use:
Touch pointers
Qubits are capable of:
Being superimposed, intertwining, changing their quantum state
Addressing with an active matrix means that:
The state of a pixel in relation to the other pixels is active
When you press key on the keyboard:
Only one scan code is generated
What paper do thermal printers use?
Paper wax coating
Do OLED monitors require backlighting?
No
What are the most important input devices?
Mouse and keyboard
What is the depth of color?
Number of bits representing pixels
The computer system is composed of:
The computer and its peripherals
Liquid crystal cells under the action of voltage form:
Spirals
The Digital Image Processor is an integral part of?
Optical mice
Display devices enable?
The input of spatial data
The model for designing and building a computer is based on:
Three features
The scan result is in:
Both graphic and text format
When did Java, eBay, USB and the Sony Playstation appear?
in 1995
What are the main computer sub-systems?
Memory, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit, and Input/Output
