ITC Flashcards
What is the origin of the term ‘philosophy’?
‘Philosophy’ was coined by Pythagoras.
What are the three types of man according to philosophy?
- Lover of pleasure
- Lover of success
- Lover of wisdom
What do the Greek words ‘Philia’ and ‘Sophia’ mean?
‘Philia’ means love or friend, and ‘Sophia’ means wisdom; together they mean ‘love of wisdom.’
How is philosophy defined in Latin?
Scientia rerum per causas primas sub lumine rationis naturalis.
This translates to ‘The science of all things by their first causes as known in light of natural reason.’
What does philosophy as science entail?
Philosophy is systematic and studies the ‘why’ and ‘what’ of things.
What is certitude in philosophy?
Certitude is the natural result of knowing facts and their causes.
What is the focus of metaphysics?
The study of reality, including beings and Being.
What does epistemology study?
The validity of human knowledge.
What are ideas in philosophy?
Mental signs representing or grasping the essence of something.
What is the difference between connotation and denotation?
Connotation refers to the essential characteristics of a term, while denotation refers to the set of things a term refers to.
What is ethics in philosophy?
The study of the morality of human acts.
What does logic study?
Correct reasoning and what makes an argument valid or invalid.
What is cosmology?
The science of the universe, focusing on space and time.
What is theodicy?
A philosophical study of God, questioning His existence.
What is formal logic?
It focuses on correctness rather than truth.
What are the three basic operations of human thought in logic?
- Simple Apprehension
- Judgment
- Reasoning
What is a categorical proposition?
It gives a direct assertion of agreement between the subject term and the predicate term.
What is the structure of a standard form categorical proposition?
Quantifier + Subject + Copula + Predicate.
What are universal quantifiers?
All, every, none, any, no, nothing, each.
What is the quality of a categorical proposition determined by?
The copula, which can be affirmative or negative.
What are the A, E, I, O propositions?
A (Universal Affirmative): All men are mortal.
E (Universal Negative): No men are mortal.
I (Particular Affirmative): Some men are mortal.
O (Particular Negative): Some men are not mortal.
What does the square of opposition illustrate?
The different relations that exist between propositions having the same subject and predicate but differing in quantity or quality.
