Italy Exam

Question 1

What were the Main causes of the 1st War of Italian Independence (1848/49) ?

Answer 1

> Growth of liberalism and nationalism.
Reforms of Pius IX.
Austrians.
Socio-economic problems.

Question 2

Political developments in Piedmont after 1st War of Italian independence?

Answer 2

> 1848 VEII becomes leader of Piedmont.
1852 appointment of Cavour (introduced connubio)
Cavour had 3 positions in Parliament (PM, FM and Finance M)

Question 3

Diplomatic Developments in Piedmont 1849-1856?

Answer 3

> Austria crushed Piedmont in war.
Austria on the decline after loss of Russia.
1855 GB and France asked Piedmont for troops which improve relations.
Austria remained neutral in Crimea war (increase unpopularity with GB and France).
1856 Congress of Paris showed Piedmont on a continent scale.

Question 4

Causes of 2nd War of Italian Revolution (1859) ?

Answer 4

> Orsini Affair and Pact of Plombieres.
The National Society.
Relations for Napoleon III.

Question 5

Which Treaty finished the 2nd War of Italian Unification?

Answer 5

Villafranca

Question 6

What was the National Society?

Answer 6

> support from Piedmont for nationalists.
founded in 1857 by Manin to promote national unity.
Cavour liked the society as suited his conservative aims.

Question 7

What was the Orsini Affair 1858?

Answer 7

The attempted assassination of Napoleon

Question 8

What is the Pact of Plombieres 1858?

Answer 8

Secret meeting between Piedmont and France (Cavour and Napoleon).

Question 9

What were the key terms of the Pact of Plombieres 1858?

Answer 9

> France would get Nice and Savoy.

> Austria would have to be seen as the aggressors if France were to intervene.