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Italy - CMS Intro Somm Flashcards

1
Q

Who produced wine in Italy before the rise of the Romans?

A

Etruscans and Greek settlers

They developed the ancient world’s most extensive wine culture.

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2
Q

By which century does evidence indicate that vines were widely planted across the Italian peninsular “boot”?

A

3rd century

There was special concentration in areas close to Rome.

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3
Q

What contributes to the astonishing array of wines Italy offers today?

A

Innumerable indigenous varieties that have been protected by proud local wine cultures

They are also popularized worldwide in tandem with the country’s famous cuisine.

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4
Q

How many regions is Italy made of?

A

Twenty.

Very independent regions.

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5
Q

What large expanse do Italy’s 20 wine regions cover?

A

From the snowcapped northern Alpine regions — bordering Austria and Switzerland — down to a latitude that is actually south of the northern edge of the African continent.

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6
Q

What seas lie on the west, south, and east of the Italian peninsula?

A
  • Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas (west)
  • Ionian Sea (south)
  • Adriatic Sea (east)
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7
Q

What geographical feature runs down the center of the Italian peninsula?

A

The Apennine Mountains.

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8
Q

Which countries border the northern Alpine regions of Italy?

A

Austria and Switzerland.

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9
Q

What impact do the Apennine Mountains have on Italian viticulture?

A

They diversify the altitudes for vine planting and separate regions in a way that has historically protected the distinctiveness of regional varieties and wine styles.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The peninsula of Italy lies between the _______ and Ligurian seas on the west.

A

Tyrrhenian

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11
Q

True or False: The Apennine Mountains contribute to the distinctiveness of regional varieties and wine styles in Italy.

A

True

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12
Q

What is the climate range in Italy?

A

Spans from cool, continental in the north to warm Mediterranean in the south

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13
Q

What is notable about the topography/aspect of Italy?

A

Italy is capped in the north by the Alps and defined lengthwise by
the spine of the Apennine Mountains

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14
Q

What mountain range caps Italy in the north?

A

Alps

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15
Q

What geographical feature defines Italy lengthwise?

A

Apennine Mountains

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16
Q

How many registered grape varieties are there in Italy?

A

1,300 registered grape varieties

Hundreds of these are indigenous to Italy.

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17
Q

What is the remarkable total of registered vineyards in Italy?

A

900,000 registered vineyards

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18
Q

How are Italian wines without geographic indication labeled?

A

Vino

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19
Q

What kinds of wine are labeled as Vino in Italy?

A

These are generic wines that can be blanco, rosso or rosato and labeled with or without a vintage

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20
Q

What is the least restrictive Italian designation with geographic indication?

A

Indicazione Geografica Protetta (IGP)

Includes Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

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21
Q

What is the most restrictive Italian designation?

A

Denominazione di Origine Protetta (DOP)

Includes DOC and DOCG

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22
Q

What is notable about Italian wines with geographic indication?

A

A producer may choose which term to use depending on one’s classification within the “old” system, meaning producers in a traditional DOCG zone most likely will not use the DOP acronym.

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23
Q

What does DOC stand for in the context of Italian wine?

A

Denominazione di Origine Controllata

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24
Q

In what year was the DOC system introduced in Italy?

A

1963

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25
Q

What is the primary purpose of the DOC system in Italy?

A

To formalize and protect Italian wine appellations

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26
Q

What are the Italian wine classifications from top to bottom?

A
  • Denominazione de Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)
  • Denominazione di Origine
  • Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)
  • Vino
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27
Q

What does Classico mean in the context of Italian Label Terminology?

A

A traditional, theoretically superior vineyard area within a DOC or DOCG

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28
Q

What does Riserva mean in the context of Italian Label Terminology?

A

Means “reserve” and is legally defined. This term usually indicates extended ageing (in cask, then bottle) and can denote lower yields and higher alcohol depending on the appellation.

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29
Q

What does Superiore mean in the context of Italian Label Terminology?

A

Denotes higher level of alcohol or longer aging depending on the appellation

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30
Q

What does Spumante mean in the context of Italian Label Terminology?

A

Sparkling

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31
Q

What does Frizzante mean in the context of Italian Label Terminology?

A

Lightly sparkling

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32
Q

What does Metodo Classico mean in the context of Italian Label Terminology?

A

Traditional method for making sparkling wines

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33
Q

What does Secco mean in the context of Italian Label Terminology?

A

Dry

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34
Q

What does Amabile mean in the context of Italian Label Terminology?

A

Off-dry

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35
Q

What does Dolce mean in the context of Italian Label Terminology?

A

Sweet

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36
Q

What does Recioto/Passito mean in the context of Italian Label Terminology?

A

Wine made from dried grapes that is often sweet

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37
Q

What are the sections of Northern Italy?

A
  • Piedmont
  • Lombardy
  • Trentino-Alto Adige
  • Veneto
  • Friuli-Venezia-Giulia
  • Emilia-Romagna
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38
Q

Where is Piedmont located?

A

Northwestern Italy, bordering France and Switzerland

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39
Q

What does the word ‘Piedmont’ mean in French?

A

‘Foot of the mountain’

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40
Q

Which mountain ranges cradle the Piedmont region in Italy?

A
  • The Alps to the north and west
  • The Apennines to the south and east
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41
Q

What is Italy’s most important river?

A
  • The verdant Po River

This river begins in Piedmont.

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42
Q

The Po River begins in _______.

A

Piedmont

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43
Q

What type of climate does Piedmont, Northern Italy have?

A

Continental

A rain shadow effect from the Alps protecting the wine region

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44
Q

What influences the climate in Piedmont, Northern Italy?

A

A rain shadow effect from the Alps protecting the wine region

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45
Q

What is the topography of Piedmont, Northern Italy?

A

Mountains and rolling foothills

This varied topography influences vineyard placement and microclimates.

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46
Q

What types of soil are found in Piedmont, Northern Italy?

A

Limestone and sandstone

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47
Q

What are the white grape varieties grown in Piedmont, Northern Italy?

A
  • Moscato
  • Cortese
  • Arneis
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48
Q

What are the red grape varieties grown in Piedmont, Northern Italy?

A
  • Nebbiolo
  • Barbera
  • Dolcetto
  • Brachetto
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49
Q

What is ‘nebbia’ in the context of Piedmont’s vineyards?

A

A pervasive fog that often settles over the vineyards near harvest time

It is thought that this is how the Nebbiolo grape was named.

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50
Q

What are the appellations of Piedmont, Northern Italy?

A
  • Barolo and Barbaresco DOCG
  • Moscato d’Asti / Asti DOCG
  • Barbera d’Asti DOCG
  • Gavi DOCG
  • Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG
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51
Q

What grape variety is used for Barolo and Barbaresco DOCG in Piedmont, Northern Italy?

A

100% Nebbiolo

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52
Q

What is the primary aspect for optimal Nebbiolo viticulture in Barolo and Barbaresco DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy)?

A

Hillsides with optimal exposure

Proper exposure to sunlight is crucial for the ripening of Nebbiolo grapes.

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53
Q

What type of wines are Barolo and Barbaresco DOCG, (Piedmont, Northern Italy)?

A

Dry red wines

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54
Q

How are Barolo and Barbaresco DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy) wines usually aged, and what does it depend on?

A

Long oak aging in large barrels or small barriques, depending
on producer

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55
Q

What is the aging requirement for Barolo DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy)?

A
  • 38 months total aging
  • Minimum of 18 months in oak
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56
Q

What is the aging requirement for Barbaresco DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy)?

A
  • 26 months total aging
  • Minimum of 9 months in oak
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57
Q

What is the grape variety used in Moscato d’Asti/Asti DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy)?

A

Moscato

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58
Q

What type of wine is Moscato d’Asti (Piedmont, Northern Italy) known for?

A

Off-dry, frizzante sparkling wines

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59
Q

What is the vinification style of Asti DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy)?

A

White, spumante, or metodo classico sparkling wines

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60
Q

What grape variety is used in Barbera d’Asti DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy)?

A

Barbera

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61
Q

What type of wines does Barbera d’Asti DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy) produce?

A

Dry red wines

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62
Q

What grape variety is used in Gavi DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy)?

A

Cortese

White grape variety

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63
Q

What is the vinification style of Gavi DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy)?

A

Dry white wines

Made with the Cortese grape

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64
Q

What grape variety is used in Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy)?

A

Brachetto

Red grape variety

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65
Q

What type of wines does Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG (Piedmont, Northern Italy) produce?

A

Sweet, sparkling red wines

Made with the Brachetto grape

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66
Q

Where is Lombardy located?

A

Northeast of Milan in the foothills of the Alps near lakes Como, Iseo, and Garda

Northern Italy

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67
Q

What is the climate of Lombardy, Northern Italy?

A

Cool continental

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68
Q

What is the topography of Lombardy, Northern Italy?

A

Mountainous and rolling foothills

69
Q

What are the white grape varieties found in Lombardy, Northern Italy?

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Bianco
70
Q

What are the red grape varieties found in Lombardy, Northern Italy?

A
  • Pinot Nero
  • Nebbiolo
71
Q

What are the appellations of Lombardy, Northern Italy?

A
  • Franciacorta DOCG
  • Valtellina Superiore DOCG
72
Q

What is the appellation of Lombardy (Northern Italy) that is known for Metodo classico sparkling wines?

A

Franciacorta DOCG

73
Q

Which grape varieties are used for white wines in Franciacorta DOCG (Lombardy, Northern Italy)?

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Bianco
74
Q

What grape varieties are used for red wines in Franciacorta DOCG (Lombardy, Northern Italy)?

A
  • Pinot Nero
75
Q

What style of wine does Franciacorta DOCG (Lombardy, Northern Italy) produce?

A

Metodo classico sparkling wines only

76
Q

What is the climate characteristic of Valtellina Superiore DOCG (Lombardy, Northern Italy)?

A

High altitude and alpine

Abundant sunshine allows for a long, slow growing season.

77
Q

What allows for a long, slow growing season in Valtellina Superiore DOCG (Lombardy, Northern Italy)?

A

Abundant sunshine

78
Q

What is the primary grape variety used in Valtellina Superiore DOCG (Lombardy, Northern Italy)?

79
Q

How are red wines from Valtellina Superiore DOCG (Lombardy, Northern Italy) typically aged?

A

Oak-aged

Made from the Nebbiolo grape

80
Q

What type of wines does Valtellina Superiore DOCG (Lombardy, Northern Italy) produce?

A

Dry red wines

Made from the Nebbiolo grape

81
Q

Where is Trentino-Alto Adige located?

A

On the Alpine border of Austria and Switzerland

Northern Italy

82
Q

What are the two distinct cultures in Trentino-Alto Adige, Northern Italy?

A

Germanic to the north and Italian to the south

Two nearly autonomous regions

83
Q

What type of climate does Trentino-Alto Adige, Northern Italy have?

A

Continental with cold winters and surprisingly warm summers

84
Q

What is the topography of Trentino-Alto Adige, Northern Italy?

A

Mountainous and rolling foothills

85
Q

What are the white grape varieties grown in Trentino-Alto Adige, Northern Italy?

A
  • Pinot Grigio
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Pinot Bianco
86
Q

What are the red grape varieties grown in Trentino-Alto Adige, Northern Italy?

A
  • Merlot
  • Lagrein
87
Q

What are the appellations of Trentino-Alto Adige, Northern Italy?

A
  • Trentino DOC
  • Alto Adige (Südtiroler) DOC
88
Q

Where is Veneto located?

A

Northeastern Italy in the foothills of the Alps extending eastward to the border of the Adriatic Sea

89
Q

What type of climate does Veneto, Northern Italy have?

A

Continental with a warmer maritime climate near the coast

90
Q

What are the appellations of Veneto, Northern Italy?

A
  • Soave DOC
  • Prosecco DOC
  • Valpolicella DOC
  • Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG
91
Q

What is the primary grape variety used for Prosecco DOC (Veneto, Northern Italy)?

92
Q

What vinification method is used in Prosecco DOC (Veneto, Northern Italy)?

A

Charmat/tank method for sparkling wines

93
Q

What is the superior sub-zone for Prosecco DOC (Veneto, Northern Italy)?

A

Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG

94
Q

What is the grape varieties in Valpolicella DOC (Veneto, Northern Italy)?

A
  • Corvina (dominant)
  • Rondinella

Red grapes

95
Q

What type of wines are produced in Valpolicella DOC (Veneto, Northern Italy)?

A

Dry red wines

From the Corvina and Rondinella grapes

96
Q

What is the name of the superior sub-zone in Valpolicella DOC (Veneto, Northern Italy)?

A

Valpolicella Classico DOC

97
Q

What are the grape varietes used in Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG (Veneto, Northern Italy)?

A
  • Corvina (dominant)
  • Rondinella
98
Q

What type of wine is Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG (Veneto, Northern Italy)?

A

Red

Made with Corvina and Rondinella grapes.

99
Q

How is Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG (Veneto, Northern Italy) made?

A

Using the appassimento process

100
Q

What is the appassimento process in wine production in the context of Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG (Veneto, Northern Italy)

A
  • Grapes are harvested and dried for several weeks
  • As the fruit dries it develops unique flavor characteristics
  • Wine is fermented to dry or off-dry
  • A high alcohol wine is produced (generally 14 –16% ABV)
101
Q

What is the typical alcohol content of Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG (Veneto, Northern Italy) wine?

A

14 – 16% ABV

102
Q

What are the two main flavor profiles of Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG (Veneto, Northern Italy) wine?

A

Dry or off-dry

103
Q

Where is Friuli-Venezia-Giulia located?

A

Northeastern Italy, extending eastward to the border with Slovenia

104
Q

What type of climate does Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Northern Italy have?

A

Continental

105
Q

What are the white grape varieties commonly found in Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Northern Italy?

A
  • Pinot Grigio
  • Sauvignon
  • Friulano
106
Q

What is the most widely-planted red grape variety in Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Northern Italy?

107
Q

What is the typical vinification style in Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Northern Italy?

A

Mostly unoaked whites and reds

108
Q

Where is Emilia-Romagna located?

A

A large region extending from the heart of north-central Italy eastward to the coast of the Adriatic Sea

109
Q

What type of climate does Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy have?

A

Continental

110
Q

What is the topography of Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy like?

A

Broad, vast plains with intensive agriculture and viticulture

111
Q

What nickname is given to Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy due to its agricultural output?

A

The breadbasket of Italy

112
Q

What is the appellation of Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy?

A

Lambrusco DOC

113
Q

What is the grape variety used for Lambrusco DOC (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)?

A

Lambrusco

Red grape variety

114
Q

What type of wine is Lambrusco DOC (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)?

A

Red sparkling wine (frizzante or spumante)

Made with the Lambrusco grape

115
Q

What vinification method is used for Lambrusco DOC (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)?

A

Charmat/tank method

116
Q

What are the styles of sparkling wines from Lambrusco DOC (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy)?

A
  • Secco (dry)
  • Amabile (off-dry)
117
Q

What is Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy known for besides wine?

A

Italian foods such as Parmigiano-Reggiano, Prosciutto di Parma, and Balsamic vinegar

118
Q

What are the sections of Central Italy?

A
  • Tuscany
  • Marches
119
Q

What geographical area does Tuscany extend from?

A

From the Ligurian Sea in the west to the foothills of the Apennine Mountains in the east

Central Italy

120
Q

What is the climate of Tuscany, Central Italy?

A

Maritime-influenced on the coast and more continental inland

121
Q

What is the white grape variety in Tuscany, Central Italy?

122
Q

List the red grape varieties found in Tuscany, Central Italy.

A
  • Sangiovese
  • Syrah
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Merlot
123
Q

What are the appellations of Tuscany, Central Italy?

A
  • Chianti DOCG
  • Chianti Classico DOCG
  • Brunello di Montalcino
124
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Sangiovese required in Chianti DOCG (Tuscany, Central Italy)?

125
Q

What type of wines are produced in Chianti DOCG (Tuscany, Central Italy)?

A

Dry red wines only

From the Sangiovese grape

126
Q

What distinguishes Chianti Classico DOCG from Chianti DOCG (Tuscany, Central Italy)?

A
  • Smaller area
  • More stringent rules and aging requirements

Chianti Classico DOCG is located in the heart of the Chianti region with stricter regulations.

127
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Sangiovese required in Chianti Classico DOCG (Tuscany, Central Italy)?

128
Q

What type of soil is predominantly found in Chianti Classico DOCG (Tuscany, Central Italy)?

A
  • Galestro (a soft marl-like soil)
  • Sandstone
129
Q

What type of wines are produced in Chianti Classico DOCG (Tuscany, Central Italy)?

A

Dry red wines only

Made from the Sangiovese grape

130
Q

What is the geographical location of Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Slopes around the hill town of Montalcino

Tuscany, Central Italy.

131
Q

What type of soil is found in Brunello di Montalcino (Tuscany, Central Italy) at lower and higher elevations?

A
  • Clay and marine sediments at lower elevation
  • Galestro at higher elevation
132
Q

What is the grape variety used for Brunello di Montalcino (Tuscany, Central Italy)?

A

100% Sangiovese Grosso (locally called Brunello)

Sangiovese Grosso is a clone of the Sangiovese grape, known for its quality in Tuscany.

133
Q

What type of wines does Brunello di Montalcino (Tuscany, Central Italy) produce?

A

Dry red wines only

Made from the Sangiovese Grosso grape

134
Q

What are the aging requirements for Brunello di Montalcino (Tuscany, Central Italy) wines?

A
  • Minimum of two years in wood plus four months in bottle
  • Wines cannot be sold before January 1st of the fifth year following the harvest.

Time in oak and minimum aging requirements are stipulated by law.

135
Q

What types of oak barrels are used for aging Brunello di Montalcino (Tuscany, Central Italy)?

A

Large Slavonian oak barrels or small barriques

The choice of barrel type depends on the producer.

136
Q

Where is Marches located?

A

On the eastern coast of Italy along the Adriatic Sea and extending westward into the foothills of the Apennine Mountains

Central Italy

137
Q

What type of climate does Marches, Central Italy have?

A

Mediterranean

138
Q

What is the primary grape variety in Marches, Central Italy?

A

Verdicchio

White grape variety

139
Q

How are Verdicchio wines typically vinified in Marches, Central Italy?

A
  • Dry
  • Unoaked

White wines

140
Q

What are the appellations of Marches, Central Italy?

A
  • Verdicchio di Matelica DOC
  • Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC
141
Q

What are the sections of Southern Italy?

A
  • Campania
  • Sicily

Sicily is an island.

142
Q

Where is Campania located?

A

Southern Italy, extending from the Mediterranean Sea into the mountains to the east, near Naples and the Amalfi Coast

143
Q

What type of climate does Campania, Southern Italy have?

A

Mediterranean, sunny and warm

144
Q

What is the topography of Campania, Southern Italy like?

A

A combination of relatively low-lying areas near the sea and very rugged terrain in the mostly volcanic mountains to the east

145
Q

What types of soil are found in Campania, Southern Italy?

A

Alluvial sediments, volcanic soils in the mountains to the east and on Mount Vesuvius

146
Q

What are the white grape varieties found in Campania, Southern Italy?

A
  • Falanghina
  • Fiano
  • Greco
147
Q

What is the prominent red grape variety from Campania, Southern Italy?

148
Q

What are the appellations of Campania, Southern Italy?

A
  • Fiano di Avellino DOCG
  • Greco di Tufo DOCG
  • Taurasi DOCG
149
Q

What is the grape variety for Fiano di Avellino DOCG (Campania, Southern Italy)?

A

Fiano

White grape variety

150
Q

What type of wines does Fiano di Avellino DOCG (Campania, Southern Italy) produce?

A

Dry white wines

Made from the Fiano grape

151
Q

What is the grape variety for Greco di Tufo DOCG (Campania, Southern Italy)?

A

Greco

Greco is an ancient white grape variety originally planted by the Greeks.

152
Q

What type of wines does Greco di Tufo DOCG (Campania, Southern Italy) produce?

A

Dry white wines

Made from the Greco grape

153
Q

What is the grape variety used for Taurasi DOCG (Campania, Southern Italy)?

A

Aglianico

Red grape variety

154
Q

What type of wines does Taurasi DOCG (Campania, Southern Italy) produce?

A

Dry, oak-aged, age-worthy red wines

Made from the Aglianico grape

155
Q

What are the aging requirements for Taurasi DOCG red wines (Campania, Southern Italy)?

A

Minimum of three years with one year in wood

The law stipulates specific aging times for Taurasi wines.

156
Q

Where is Sicily located?

A

Island to the west of the mainland Italy in the Mediterranean Sea

157
Q

What type of climates does Sicily have?

A
  • Overall Mediterranean climate, with important local variations
  • Maritime near the sea, hot inland becoming much cooler at higher elevations on Mt. Etna
158
Q

What is the climate like inland in Sicily?

A

Hot, but becoming much cooler at higher elevations on Mt. Etna

159
Q

What is the topography like in Sicily?

A
  • Rolling hillsides near Mt. Etna and inland districts
  • Flatter areas near the coast
160
Q

What is the soil like on Sicily?

A

Notably varied across different areas; famously volcanic on and near the slopes of Mt. Etna

161
Q

What is the white grape variety found in Sicily?

A

Carricante

162
Q

What are the red grape varieties found in Sicily?

A
  • Nero d’Avola
  • Nerello Mascalese
163
Q

What is the important appellation of Sicily?

164
Q

What is the location/geography of the Etna DOC?

A

Eastern Sicily with the vines on the slopes of Mount Etna

165
Q

What type of soil is found in the Etna DOC, Sicily?

A

Well-drained volcanic soils

166
Q

What is the primary white grape variety used in Etna DOC, Sicily?

A

Carricante

167
Q

What is the primary red grape variety used in Etna DOC, Sicily?

A

Nerello Mascalese

168
Q

What types of wines are produced in Etna DOC, Sicily?

A

Dry white, red and rosé wines

CMS - Intro Somm (8 decks)

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