Italy Flashcards
Giovanni Giolitti
he served as prime minister of 5 different occasions and was a committed liberal, he favoured the creation of an Italian overseas empire, wanted to cement the liberals majority in the parliament, unity for the italian state and an alliance with moderate socialists. Giolittis was unable to achieve all his aims and he was forced to resign in 1914 due to political issues
Antonio Salandra
he became prime minister after Giolitti, he was a conservative Italian politician, he believed he could strengthen the liberals position in Italy by linking more closely to Nationalism. Salandra ensured the entry of Italy in World War I on the side of the Triple Entente to fulfil Italy’s irredentist claims
Fillipo turati
he was a socialist politician, who helped found the PSI party, he was against italian entry into World War 1. He became expelled from the party for his anti-fascist efforts and fled to Paris after mussolini established a fascist dictatorship
Count Gentiloni
he was one of the early leaders of the Italian Catholic Azione Cattolica movement and he collaborated with Giolitti for the Gentiloni pact in 1913 it was agreed in hope to gather support from Catholic voters to get behind Giolitti’s coalition in the 1913 general election. Gentiloni died in 1916 due to epidemic typhus.
King victor emmanuel 111
he became king in 1900 and supported Italy’s entry into WW1. He appointed Mussolini as prime minister but didn’t intend for him to be long term. He announced an armistice with the Allies 8th September 1943. The king was not a highly effective leader as he was shy and disliked the daily strain of politics.
Gabriele d annunzio
he promoted italian expansion into territories that had a high proportion of italian speakers. He invaded and seized the city of Fiume in 1919 which led to international outrage and it made the Italian government look weak.
General Luigi cordona
he was a commander in chief in 1914 and he commanded the army until the defeat at Caporetto. He was a strict disciplinarian and wrote a manual on infantry tactics. After the defeat at caporetto, he was highly critiqued and in return he wrote bitterly angry memoirs defending himself.
General amarnos Díaz
he was commanded an infantry regiment in the Libyan war 1911-12 and was promoted to major general in 1914, and then to a two star general in 1916. He helped the Italian army to several victories and so was appointed senator after the war by King Victor Emmanuel III.
Francesco nitti
He introduced reforms to try and increase the voting population through universal male suffrage and proportional representation
Luigi sturzo
he founded the catholic popular party in 1919
Casaré de vecchi
He was a supporter of the PNF and became head of a local fascist squad. In 1921 he was elected into the Chamber of Deputies. His role in the rise of fascism was that he was one of the generals that organised the march on Rome and he became a minister in the Fascist movement.
Ítalo balbo
He was a republican but hated socialists. He joined the PNF in 1921 and became secretary of the Ferrara Fascist group. His role in the rise of fascism was that he was an enthusiastic participant and organiser of squadristi and was involved in the March on Rome.
Luigi facta
He was the last prime minister before Mussolini. He had to decide whether to stand up to the fascists with military force or to stand by and let them rule, he chose to use military force however the King did not allow the martial law to be passed. Factas government failed and his position was succeeded by Mussolini.
Vittirio orlando
He became the Prime Minister in 1917 following the disastrous battle of Caporetto. He had the succession of the Battle Vittorio Veneto 1918 however he resigned 1919 after failing to acquire Fiume. Orlando initially supported Mussolini in 1922 however after the murder of Matteotti, he abandoned politics
Mussolini
He was the founder of the PNF and the leader of the Fascist movement. HE organised the March on Rome and based the support by installing the fear of socialism. He encouraged violence and had squadristis, he had widespread support and became Prime Minister of Italy in October 1922 until 1943.
