Italy

Question 1

Fault lines

Answer 1

1. NS, close to Apennine mountain range

2. EW, across centre of Italy

Question 2

3 Earthquakes

Answer 2

3 in 1997, Assisi, mag 6.4
1 in 2009, L’Aquila, mag 6.3
Series in 2016, Amatrice

Question 3

L’Aquila: social impact

Answer 3

300 killed
70,000 homeless
Historic building damage
Social and religious activity attendance declined - Good Friday procession 30,000 to 1,000
Reluctance to shop, eat and drink in town centre - many businesses closed down
Mental health issues
Fear of future earthquakes

Question 4

L’Aquila: economic impact

Answer 4

Cost: US$15 billion

University damaged, student enrollment declined, city economy declined

Question 5

L’Aquila: political impact

Answer 5

Officials blamed for innadequate warning + slow and failing to involve residents in reconstruction decisions
Tension between residents and officials

Question 6

L’Aquila: Response

Answer 6

Predict: monitoring
Prevent / Mitigation
Adapt: “strict” building regulations (earthquake proof + location planning)
Prepare/Manage: education, drills, evacuation
Resilience: Coping strategies, solar panels to reduce reliance on mains power, reconstruction of local businesses + university