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D3 > ITALY > Flashcards

ITALY Flashcards

1
Q

Italy - Top varieties.

A
  1. Sangiovese 2. PG 3. Trebbiano 4. Glera 5. Montepulciano 6. Catarratto 7. Merlot 8. Chardonnay 9. Primitivo 10. Barbera
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2
Q

Italy - % exported

A

40%

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3
Q

Alto Adige - Climate

A

Continental, Alpine, adequate rainfall, 300 days sunshine.

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4
Q

Alto Adige - Topography

A

Mountains, 300-700M.

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5
Q

Alto Adige - Soils

A

Varied; volcanic, limestone.

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6
Q

Alto Adige - Viticulture

A

Pergola, Guyot. Leaf thinning to increase ripening; danger: sunburn, drying out.

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7
Q

Alto Adige - Grapes

A

Schiava, Lagrein, PN.
PG, PB, CH, SB, Gewurztraminer.

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8
Q

Schiava/Vernatch

A

EB, MR, vigor, pergola. PR, perfumed strawberry, violet, LT, blend with Schiava for color.

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9
Q

Lagrein

A

LR, warm site, low yields. DR, cherry, bitter (short maceration, oak aging). Rosato.

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10
Q

Alto Adige - Law

A

98% wines are PDO.
Single variety (85%),
Two variety blend (PB-CH/Schiava-CS)
Bianco (75% OG, PB, CH)

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11
Q

Alto Adige - Business

A

Small holdings. Coops (70%). Better coops incentivize quality. Domestic market, esp hospitality and specialist wine shops. Very little supermarket.

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12
Q

Trentino - Climate

A

Moderate continental, adequate rainfall, heat builds up in the valley. Protected from north winds, Lake Garda moderates. Alpine downdrafts, diurnal range.

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13
Q

Trentino - Grapes

A

75% white.
PG, CH, Muller-Thurgau, Nosiola (Vino Santo).
Merlot, PN, Teroldego, Marzemino, Lagrein.

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14
Q

Teroldego

A

1 Trentino. Stems dry out, less susceptible to mildew. Can only be labeled as Teroldego Rotaliano DOC or Vini dell Dolomiti IGT.

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15
Q

Nosiola

A

Warm Valley of the Lakes, Trentino. Hazelnut. Dry or Vino Santo with semi-dried fruit.

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16
Q

Friuli - Climate

A

Warm maritime, 1200mm. Some continental influence inland.

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17
Q

Friuli - Grapes

A

PG (25%), Friulano, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc. Local varieties (Ribolla Gialla, Refosco). International varieties (Riesling, Welschriesling, Muller-Thurgau, Gewurztraminer).
Merlot, Cabernet Franc.

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18
Q

Name of compacted marl in Friuli

A

Ponca

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19
Q

Friuli DOCs on plain

A

Grave del Friuli DOC (volume)
Friuli Isonzo DOC

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20
Q

Friuli DOCs in hills

A

Collio DOC
Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC

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21
Q

Friuli DOCs - sweet

A

Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG, Ramandolo DOCG.

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22
Q

Veneto - Climate

A

Warm continental, moderate rainfall, fog and humidity in plains (Adige and Po Rivers). Lake Garda breezes.

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23
Q

Veneto - Hazards

A

Humidity, rot, esca.

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24
Q

Veneto - Grapes

A

Glera, Garganega, Pinot Grigio.
Merlot, Corvina, Cabernet Sauvignon.

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25
Q

Valpolicella / Bardolino - Grapes

A

Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella, Molinara

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26
Q

Soave - Grapes

A

Garganega, Trebbiano di Soave (Verdicchio)

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27
Q

Italy production

A

48M hL

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28
Q

Piemonte soils

A

Barolo N, W: blue-grey marl, aromatic. S, E: compacted clay, sand. Barbaresco: marl, clay, sand.

29
Q

Barolo elevation

A

200-400M

30
Q

Barbera

A

EB, LR, vigor, disease resistance but esca. DR, red fruit, HA, L/MT, MABV. Piemonte DOC, Barbera d’Asti, Nizza DOCG.

31
Q

Dolcetto

A

EB, ER, low vigor, fragile, low yields, DR, M-A, HT, reductive. Losing popularity. Piemonte DOC, Dolcetto d’Alba, Dogliani DOCG, Dolcetto di Ovada DOCG.

32
Q

Nebbiolo

A

EB, LR, vigor, first buds infertile, thin skin, mildew, rot, sunburn. Clone/massal selection (small berry, open bunch, thick skin, lower vigor). Warm sites, poor soils, canopy management, green harvest, pick ripe seeds, lower maceration, oak aging. Past - 3-4MO maceration, 5-8Y aging. Now 3-4WK maceration. Aging 1Y (DOC), 2Y2MO/4Y2MO Barbaresco (9MO oak), 3Y2MO/5Y2MO Barolo (18MO oak).

33
Q

White grapes in Piemonte

A

Cortese (Gavi, Gavi did Gavi), Arneis (Roero Arneis).

34
Q

Barolo DOCG

A

2000HA, 56 HL/HA, 100% Nebbiolo, 3Y2MO/5Y2MO (18MO), MGA, NW La Morra blue grey marl (aromatic), SE Serralunga d’Alba yellow-grey compacted clay, sand (structure). Bruno Giacosa. Barolo Chinato.

35
Q

Barbaresco DOCG

A

1200HA, warmer, lower, Tanaro River, picked 1WK earlier, 100% Nebbiolo, 2Y2MO/4Y2MO (9MO), MGA, marl, clay, sand. Angelo Gaja.

36
Q

% co-op Trentino, example

A

80%, CAVIT consortium

37
Q

% co-op Alto Adige

A

70%

38
Q

Veneto: GE

A

Warm continental, rainfall, humidity. Plains - sand, gravel, warm. Hillsides - limestone, clay, basalt, cool, slow ripening, lower yields.

39
Q

PG delle Venezie DOC

A

Old IGT, 85% Italian, 40% global PG, 126HL/HA.

40
Q

Bardolino DOC

A

Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella, Molinara, Merlot. High yield, LINT, reds and Chiaretto. Bardolino Superiore DOCG.

41
Q

Bianco di Custoza DOC

A

Trebbiano Toscano (Ugni Blanc), Garganega, Cortese, Friulano. Light, fresh, simple, domestic.

42
Q

Lugana DOC

A

Mostly in Lombardy, Turbiana (Verdicchio), PL, apple, lemon, hazelnut, saline, HA. Ageability.

43
Q

Valpolicella DOC

A

Plains, high yield. Corvina/Corvinone (45-95%), Rondinella (5-30%). Fruity, early drinking. 5-7D maceration, 6-8MO aging. Valpolicella Classico DOC (hillsides), Valpolicella Valpantena DOC. Superiore category +0.5% ABV, 1Y aging.

44
Q

Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG

A

48HL/HA, 12%ABV, 50G/L.

45
Q

Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG

A

48HL/HA, 14%ABV, 0-9G/L (5-9). 2Y/4Y Riserva.

46
Q

Valpolicella Ripasso DOC

A

12.5%ABV (13% Superiore), 1Y aging.

47
Q

Soave DOC

A

70% Garganega (Trebbiano di Soave, CH), 105HL/HA, December. Cantina di Soave (50%), Pieropan.

48
Q

Soave Classico DOCG

A

70% Garganega (Trebbiano di Soave, CH), 98HL/HA, February. 33 named vineyards. Cantina di Soave (50%), Pieropan.

49
Q

Soave Superiore

A

70% Garganega (Trebbiano di Soave, CH), 70HL/HA, September. Cantina di Soave (50%), Pieropan.

50
Q

Recioto di Soave

A

70% Garganega (Trebbiano di Soave, CH), 36HL/HA. Cantina di Soave (50%), Pieropan.

51
Q

Friuli-Giulia-Venezie

A

Warm maritime, 1200MM, inland more continental. Plains, hillsides. PG, Friulano, Ribolla Gialla, Picolit, Verduzzo, Refoso, Merlot, CF.

52
Q

Orange wine

A

Josko Gravner. Olavia, Collio DOC. Low intervention. Local varieties, organic, Long skin contact (D-MO), no temperature control, ambient yeast, little/no SO2, 2-6Y aging in varied vessels, amphorae, no fining or filtering. Amber, gold, dried fruit, hay, herbs, MT. Ribolla Gialla, others.

53
Q

Refosco

A

Local variety, Friuli, incr popularity as producers look for alternatives (PG competition). Vigorous, plant on hills (like Ribolla Gialla). Small berry, tannic.

54
Q

Bolgheri DOC

A

1200HA, up to 100% CS, CF, M, up to 50% Sangiovese, Syrah, up to 30% other (PV), Vermentino. Cordon, VSP, irrigation, 6000/HA. 63HL/HA.

55
Q

Bolgheri Rosso Superiore DOC

A

2Y aging (1Y oak), 56HL/HA.

56
Q

Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC

A

Single estate (Tenuta San Guido), min 80% CS, 2Y(18MO), Sassicaia.

57
Q

Vin Santo

A

4 PDOs (Chianti, Chianti Classico, San Gimignano, Montepulciano), each with its own rules, Trebbiano Toscano, Malvasia. Apassimento, residual sugar, oxidative aging (trad’l sealed barrel, loft, many years, temperature fluctuations), 2Y Chianti, 3Y Montepulciano. Amber, dried fruit, nut, VA, HABV. Occhio di Pernice (Sangiovese).

58
Q

Tuscany

A

Warm mediterranean, adequate rainfall, frost, drought, heat, esca, wild boar. Up to 550M. Galestro schistous crumbly marl, clay (aromatic), Alberese calcareous clay (structure), sandstone, sand.

59
Q

Sangiovese

A

EB, LR, vigor, thin, mildew, rot, esca, warm sites, shale, limestone, hillsides, clone/massal selection: small berry, thick skin, open bunch, low vigor.

60
Q

Corvina Veronese

A

LR, vigor, thick, but mildew, rot, esca, drought, infertile buds, pergola. HA, L/MT. La Poja single varietal. Most are blended in Valpolicella, Bardolino. Valpolicella: 45-95% Corvina/Corvinone, 5-30% Rondinella (tannin, sugar).

61
Q

Chianti DOCG

A

Expanded, lower hills, < 300M, 63HL/HA, 70% Sangiovese, up to 15% CS/CS, up to 10% white. 11.5%ABV, release March, 2Y Riserva, LINT, bricks, supermarket, discounters, inexpensive bar/restaurant, 70% exported, co-ops 14%

62
Q

Chianti subzones

A

Seven, 56HL/HA, 75% Sangiovese, up to 10% CS, CF, 12%ABV, 2Y (6MO) Riserva. Rufina 350M. Colli Senesi largest, warmest, higher alcohol, fuller body.

63
Q

Chianti Classico DOCG

A

52.5HL/HA, higher elevation, 200-500M, 80% Sangiovese, no white varieties, 2Y Riserva, 80% exported (1/3 USA), co-ops 6%. 11 UGAs (Unita Geografiche Aggiuntive).

64
Q

Chianti Classico Gran Selezione

A

30MO, no oak requirement, single vineyard or owned by estate, 90% Sangiovese, no international.

65
Q

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG

A

54HL/HA, 100% Sangiovese, 5Y(2Y) / 6Y(2Y) Riserva. 120-500M, North Galestro higher; South Alberese warmer.

66
Q

Rosso di Montalcino DOCG

A

54HL/HA, 100% Sangiovese, 1Y, no Riserva. Lesser sites, younger vines, declassified wines, quick cash flow.

67
Q

Vino Nobile de Montepulciano DOCG

A

250-600M, sand (light), clay (structured), 70% Sangiovese, 2Y(12-24MO), 3Y Riserva. Avignonessi. Rosso - 1Y, no Riserva.

68
Q
A

D3 (4 decks)

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