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ITALY Flashcards

1
Q

Italy - Top varieties.

A
  1. Sangiovese 2. PG 3. Trebbiano 4. Glera 5. Montepulciano 6. Catarratto 7. Merlot 8. Chardonnay 9. Primitivo 10. Barbera
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2
Q

Italy - % exported

A

40%

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3
Q

Alto Adige - Climate

A

Continental, Alpine, adequate rainfall, 300 days sunshine.

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4
Q

Alto Adige - Topography

A

Mountains, 300-700M.

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5
Q

Alto Adige - Soils

A

Varied; volcanic, limestone.

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6
Q

Alto Adige - Viticulture

A

Pergola, Guyot. Leaf thinning to increase ripening; danger: sunburn, drying out.

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7
Q

Alto Adige - Grapes

A

Schiava, Lagrein, PN.
PG, PB, CH, SB, Gewurztraminer.

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8
Q

Schiava/Vernatch

A

EB, MR, vigor, pergola. PR, perfumed strawberry, violet, LT, blend with Schiava for color.

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9
Q

Lagrein

A

LR, warm site, low yields. DR, cherry, bitter (short maceration, oak aging). Rosato.

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10
Q

Alto Adige - Law

A

98% wines are PDO.
Single variety (85%),
Two variety blend (PB-CH/Schiava-CS)
Bianco (75% OG, PB, CH)

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11
Q

Alto Adige - Business

A

Small holdings. Coops (70%). Better coops incentivize quality. Domestic market, esp hospitality and specialist wine shops. Very little supermarket.

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12
Q

Trentino - Climate

A

Moderate continental, adequate rainfall, heat builds up in the valley. Protected from north winds, Lake Garda moderates. Alpine downdrafts, diurnal range.

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13
Q

Trentino - Grapes

A

75% white.
PG, CH, Muller-Thurgau, Nosiola (Vino Santo).
Merlot, PN, Teroldego, Marzemino, Lagrein.

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14
Q

Teroldego

A

1 Trentino. Stems dry out, less susceptible to mildew. Can only be labeled as Teroldego Rotaliano DOC or Vini dell Dolomiti IGT.

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15
Q

Nosiola

A

Warm Valley of the Lakes, Trentino. Hazelnut. Dry or Vino Santo with semi-dried fruit.

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16
Q

Friuli - Climate

A

Warm maritime, 1200mm. Some continental influence inland.

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17
Q

Friuli - Grapes

A

PG (25%), Friulano, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc. Local varieties (Ribolla Gialla, Refosco). International varieties (Riesling, Welschriesling, Muller-Thurgau, Gewurztraminer).
Merlot, Cabernet Franc.

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18
Q

Name of compacted marl in Friuli

A

Ponca

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19
Q

Friuli DOCs on plain

A

Grave del Friuli DOC (volume)
Friuli Isonzo DOC

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20
Q

Friuli DOCs in hills

A

Collio DOC
Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC

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21
Q

Friuli DOCs - sweet

A

Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG, Ramandolo DOCG.

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22
Q

Veneto - Climate

A

Warm continental, moderate rainfall, fog and humidity in plains (Adige and Po Rivers). Lake Garda breezes.

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23
Q

Veneto - Hazards

A

Humidity, rot, esca.

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24
Q

Veneto - Grapes

A

Glera, Garganega, Pinot Grigio.
Merlot, Corvina, Cabernet Sauvignon.

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25
Valpolicella / Bardolino - Grapes
Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella, Molinara
26
Soave - Grapes
Garganega, Trebbiano di Soave (Verdicchio)
27
Italy production
48M hL
28
Piemonte soils
Barolo N, W: blue-grey marl, aromatic. S, E: compacted clay, sand. Barbaresco: marl, clay, sand.
29
Barolo elevation
200-400M
30
Barbera
EB, LR, vigor, disease resistance but esca. DR, red fruit, HA, L/MT, MABV. Piemonte DOC, Barbera d'Asti, Nizza DOCG.
31
Dolcetto
EB, ER, low vigor, fragile, low yields, DR, M-A, HT, reductive. Losing popularity. Piemonte DOC, Dolcetto d'Alba, Dogliani DOCG, Dolcetto di Ovada DOCG.
32
Nebbiolo
EB, LR, vigor, first buds infertile, thin skin, mildew, rot, sunburn. Clone/massal selection (small berry, open bunch, thick skin, lower vigor). Warm sites, poor soils, canopy management, green harvest, pick ripe seeds, lower maceration, oak aging. Past - 3-4MO maceration, 5-8Y aging. Now 3-4WK maceration. Aging 1Y (DOC), 2Y2MO/4Y2MO Barbaresco (9MO oak), 3Y2MO/5Y2MO Barolo (18MO oak).
33
White grapes in Piemonte
Cortese (Gavi, Gavi did Gavi), Arneis (Roero Arneis).
34
Barolo DOCG
2000HA, 56 HL/HA, 100% Nebbiolo, 3Y2MO/5Y2MO (18MO), MGA, NW La Morra blue grey marl (aromatic), SE Serralunga d'Alba yellow-grey compacted clay, sand (structure). Bruno Giacosa. Barolo Chinato.
35
Barbaresco DOCG
1200HA, warmer, lower, Tanaro River, picked 1WK earlier, 100% Nebbiolo, 2Y2MO/4Y2MO (9MO), MGA, marl, clay, sand. Angelo Gaja.
36
% co-op Trentino, example
80%, CAVIT consortium
37
% co-op Alto Adige
70%
38
Veneto: GE
Warm continental, rainfall, humidity. Plains - sand, gravel, warm. Hillsides - limestone, clay, basalt, cool, slow ripening, lower yields.
39
PG delle Venezie DOC
Old IGT, 85% Italian, 40% global PG, 126HL/HA.
40
Bardolino DOC
Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella, Molinara, Merlot. High yield, LINT, reds and Chiaretto. Bardolino Superiore DOCG.
41
Bianco di Custoza DOC
Trebbiano Toscano (Ugni Blanc), Garganega, Cortese, Friulano. Light, fresh, simple, domestic.
42
Lugana DOC
Mostly in Lombardy, Turbiana (Verdicchio), PL, apple, lemon, hazelnut, saline, HA. Ageability.
43
Valpolicella DOC
Plains, high yield. Corvina/Corvinone (45-95%), Rondinella (5-30%). Fruity, early drinking. 5-7D maceration, 6-8MO aging. Valpolicella Classico DOC (hillsides), Valpolicella Valpantena DOC. Superiore category +0.5% ABV, 1Y aging.
44
Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG
48HL/HA, 12%ABV, 50G/L.
45
Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG
48HL/HA, 14%ABV, 0-9G/L (5-9). 2Y/4Y Riserva.
46
Valpolicella Ripasso DOC
12.5%ABV (13% Superiore), 1Y aging.
47
Soave DOC
70% Garganega (Trebbiano di Soave, CH), 105HL/HA, December. Cantina di Soave (50%), Pieropan.
48
Soave Classico DOCG
70% Garganega (Trebbiano di Soave, CH), 98HL/HA, February. 33 named vineyards. Cantina di Soave (50%), Pieropan.
49
Soave Superiore
70% Garganega (Trebbiano di Soave, CH), 70HL/HA, September. Cantina di Soave (50%), Pieropan.
50
Recioto di Soave
70% Garganega (Trebbiano di Soave, CH), 36HL/HA. Cantina di Soave (50%), Pieropan.
51
Friuli-Giulia-Venezie
Warm maritime, 1200MM, inland more continental. Plains, hillsides. PG, Friulano, Ribolla Gialla, Picolit, Verduzzo, Refoso, Merlot, CF.
52
Orange wine
Josko Gravner. Olavia, Collio DOC. Low intervention. Local varieties, organic, Long skin contact (D-MO), no temperature control, ambient yeast, little/no SO2, 2-6Y aging in varied vessels, amphorae, no fining or filtering. Amber, gold, dried fruit, hay, herbs, MT. Ribolla Gialla, others.
53
Refosco
Local variety, Friuli, incr popularity as producers look for alternatives (PG competition). Vigorous, plant on hills (like Ribolla Gialla). Small berry, tannic.
54
Bolgheri DOC
1200HA, up to 100% CS, CF, M, up to 50% Sangiovese, Syrah, up to 30% other (PV), Vermentino. Cordon, VSP, irrigation, 6000/HA. 63HL/HA.
55
Bolgheri Rosso Superiore DOC
2Y aging (1Y oak), 56HL/HA.
56
Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC
Single estate (Tenuta San Guido), min 80% CS, 2Y(18MO), Sassicaia.
57
Vin Santo
4 PDOs (Chianti, Chianti Classico, San Gimignano, Montepulciano), each with its own rules, Trebbiano Toscano, Malvasia. Apassimento, residual sugar, oxidative aging (trad'l sealed barrel, loft, many years, temperature fluctuations), 2Y Chianti, 3Y Montepulciano. Amber, dried fruit, nut, VA, HABV. Occhio di Pernice (Sangiovese).
58
Tuscany
Warm mediterranean, adequate rainfall, frost, drought, heat, esca, wild boar. Up to 550M. Galestro schistous crumbly marl, clay (aromatic), Alberese calcareous clay (structure), sandstone, sand.
59
Sangiovese
EB, LR, vigor, thin, mildew, rot, esca, warm sites, shale, limestone, hillsides, clone/massal selection: small berry, thick skin, open bunch, low vigor.
60
Corvina Veronese
LR, vigor, thick, but mildew, rot, esca, drought, infertile buds, pergola. HA, L/MT. La Poja single varietal. Most are blended in Valpolicella, Bardolino. Valpolicella: 45-95% Corvina/Corvinone, 5-30% Rondinella (tannin, sugar).
61
Chianti DOCG
Expanded, lower hills, < 300M, 63HL/HA, 70% Sangiovese, up to 15% CS/CS, up to 10% white. 11.5%ABV, release March, 2Y Riserva, LINT, bricks, supermarket, discounters, inexpensive bar/restaurant, 70% exported, co-ops 14%
62
Chianti subzones
Seven, 56HL/HA, 75% Sangiovese, up to 10% CS, CF, 12%ABV, 2Y (6MO) Riserva. Rufina 350M. Colli Senesi largest, warmest, higher alcohol, fuller body.
63
Chianti Classico DOCG
52.5HL/HA, higher elevation, 200-500M, 80% Sangiovese, no white varieties, 2Y Riserva, 80% exported (1/3 USA), co-ops 6%. 11 UGAs (Unita Geografiche Aggiuntive).
64
Chianti Classico Gran Selezione
30MO, no oak requirement, single vineyard or owned by estate, 90% Sangiovese, no international.
65
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
54HL/HA, 100% Sangiovese, 5Y(2Y) / 6Y(2Y) Riserva. 120-500M, North Galestro higher; South Alberese warmer.
66
Rosso di Montalcino DOCG
54HL/HA, 100% Sangiovese, 1Y, no Riserva. Lesser sites, younger vines, declassified wines, quick cash flow.
67
Vino Nobile de Montepulciano DOCG
250-600M, sand (light), clay (structured), 70% Sangiovese, 2Y(12-24MO), 3Y Riserva. Avignonessi. Rosso - 1Y, no Riserva.
68

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