ITA Flashcards
s. 212.3 ITA
Foreign Affiliate Dumping Rules
May apply where a Canadian corporation controlled by a non-resident person (or group) makes an investment in a foreign affiliate. The Canadian corporation is deemed to have payed a dividend to its non-resident parent, subject to withholding tax (in certain circumstances, the paid-up capital may be reduced instead).
Foreign Affiliate Dumping Rules
Section 212.3 ITA
May apply where a Canadian corporation controlled by a non-resident person (or group) makes an investment in a foreign affiliate. The Canadian corporation is deemed to have payed a dividend to its non-resident parent, subject to withholding tax (in certain circumstances, the paid-up capital may be reduced instead).
Mandatory Disclosure Requirements - Transactions
s. 237.3 ITA : reportable transaction when it meets at least one of three defined hallmarks (contingent fee arrangement, confidentiality protection or contractual protection)
s. 237.4 ITA : notifiable transactions (designated by the government)
s. 237.5 ITA : uncertain tax treatments for public corporations
s. 237.3-5 ITA
Mandatory disclosure rules - Transactions
s. 237.3 ITA : reportable transaction when it meets at least one of three defined hallmarks (contingent fee arrangement, confidentiality protection or contractual protection)
s. 237.4 ITA : notifiable transactions (designated by the government)
s. 237.5 ITA : uncertain tax treatments for public corporations
Deemed disposition of a trust after 21 years
104(4) ITA
104(4) ITA
Deemed disposition of a trust after 21 years
Paragraphs 128.1(4)(b) and (c)
Departure Tax
When an individual ceases to be resident in Canada for tax purposes, the individual is deemed to have disposed of each property owned immediately before the time of departure and to have reacquired the same property at a cost equal to the deemed proceeds of disposition (that is, FMV)
Departure Tax
Paragraphs 128.1(4)(b) and (c)
When an individual ceases to be resident in Canada for tax purposes, the individual is deemed to have disposed of each property owned immediately before the time of departure and to have reacquired the same property at a cost equal to the deemed proceeds of disposition (that is, FMV)
PUC
The expression “paid-up capital” is defined in subsection 89(1) of the ITA. In general terms, paid-up capital (or “PUC”) represents capital that can be returned to a shareholder on a non- taxable basis
PUC grind
PUC can be reduced (“PUC grind”) under various provisions of the ITA (“Tax PUC” and “Corporate PUC” may be different)
Subsection 39(4)
Election to treat Canadian securities as capital property, which ensure any gains or losses are capital gains.
Election to treat Canadian securities as capital property
Subsection 39(4)
39(5)
Exceptions from the 39(4) election for capital gain treatment of shares.
- trader or dealer in securities
- financial institution
- corporation whose principal business is lending money or purchasing debt
- non-resident
Subsection 10(1)
To compute income from a business (that is not an adventure or concern in the nature of trade), each item in inventory must be valued at the end of the year at the lowest of cost and FMV.
Capital dividend
83(2)
The corporation must make the capital dividend election, at or before the time the dividend becomes payable, or on the first day on which any part of the dividend was paid if that day is earlier.
(a) the dividend shall be deemed to be a capital dividend to the extent of the corporation’s capital dividend account immediately before the particular time; and
(b) no part of the dividend shall be included in computing the income of any shareholder of the corporation.
83(2)
Capital dividend
The corporation must make the capital dividend election, at or before the time the dividend becomes payable, or on the first day on which any part of the dividend was paid if that day is earlier.
(a) the dividend shall be deemed to be a capital dividend to the extent of the corporation’s capital dividend account immediately before the particular time; and
(b) no part of the dividend shall be included in computing the income of any shareholder of the corporation.
Regulation 2101
Prescribed form/manner the capital dividend election
-Prescribed form: T2054
-Certified copy of directors’ resolution authorizing the election to be made
-Schedules showing computation of capital dividend account
Prescribed form/manner - Capital dividend election
Regulation 2101
-Prescribed form: T2054
-Certified copy of directors’ resolution authorizing the election to be made
-Schedules showing computation of capital dividend account
Eligible dividend
• Defined in subsection 89(1) of the ITA: The portion of a taxable dividend received by a person resident in Canada, paid by a corporation resident in Canada and designated under subsection 89(14) to be an eligible dividend
• In general terms, eligible dividends are paid out of a corporation’s general rate income pool, and receive a more favourable dividend tax credit to compensate for higher corporate taxes paid at the general rate
89(14)
• Eligible Dividends must be designated in accordance with subsection 89(14)
“A corporation designates a portion of a dividend it pays at any time to be an eligible dividend by notifying in writing at that time each person or partnership to whom the dividend is paid that the portion of the dividend is an eligible dividend.”
Eligible dividend designation
• Eligible Dividends must be designated in accordance with subsection 89(14)
“A corporation designates a portion of a dividend it pays at any time to be an eligible dividend by notifying in writing at that time each person or partnership to whom the dividend is paid that the portion of the dividend is an eligible dividend.”
84(1)
An increase in PUC of a class of shares results in a deemed dividend (84(1) ITA)
Exceptions to deemed dividend treatment:
• Stock dividend (84(1)(a) ITA)
• Transaction by which value of assets less liabilities is increased (84(1)(b)(i) ITA)
• Transaction by which liabilities less value of assets decreases (84(1)(b)(ii) ITA)
• Transaction by which PUC of other share classes is reduced by an amount not less than the increase in PUC (84(1)(c) ITA)
• Any action by which the corporation converts into PUC in respect of a class of shares any of its contributed surplus that arose on the acquisition of property by the corporation (for no consideration or for consideration that did not include shares of the corporation) from a person who at the time of the acquisition held issued shares of the class (ie. a contribution of capital): (84(1)(c.3)(ii) ITA)
• Any action by which the corporation converts into PUC in respect of a class of shares any of its contributed surplus that arose as a result of any action by which the PUC in respect of that class of shares (or in respect of shares of a substituted class) was reduced (84(1)(c.3)(iii) ITA)
Deemed dividend for artificial increases of PUC
An increase in PUC of a class of shares results in a deemed dividend (84(1) ITA)
Exceptions to deemed dividend treatment:
• Stock dividend (84(1)(a) ITA)
• Transaction by which value of assets less liabilities is increased (84(1)(b)(i) ITA)
• Transaction by which liabilities less value of assets decreases (84(1)(b)(ii) ITA)
• Transaction by which PUC of other share classes is reduced by an amount not less than the increase in PUC (84(1)(c) ITA)
• Any action by which the corporation converts into PUC in respect of a class of shares any of its contributed surplus that arose on the acquisition of property by the corporation (for no consideration or for consideration that did not include shares of the corporation) from a person who at the time of the acquisition held issued shares of the class (ie. a contribution of capital): (84(1)(c.3)(ii) ITA)
• Any action by which the corporation converts into PUC in respect of a class of shares any of its contributed surplus that arose as a result of any action by which the PUC in respect of that class of shares (or in respect of shares of a substituted class) was reduced (84(1)(c.3)(iii) ITA)
General concept of «Stated Capital»
A corporation’s stated-capital account tracks the consideration that the corporation received in exchange for issuing its shares—in other words, the account tracks the amount paid by the shareholder to the corporation. The corporation will keep a separate stated-capital account for each class or series of shares. And proper accounting should allow you to discern the stated capital for each issued share.
Generally, the stated-capital account tracks the fair market value of the consideration that the corporation received upon issuing a class or series of shares. But, in certain circumstances, corporate law allows the corporation to increase its stated capital by less than the full fair market value of the consideration received. The amount of the consideration that isn’t added to the stated capital is called a “contributed surplus,” and it can later be capitalized and added to the appropriate stated-capital account.
In addition, the stated-capital account for a class or series of shares must decrease if the corporation purchases, acquires, or redeems shares in that class or series.
General concept of «PUC»
Paid up capital (PUC) measures the contributed capital and capitalized surpluses that a corporation can return to its shareholders on a tax-free basis.
Paid up capital and stated capital are closely related concepts. The corporation’s stated capital serves as the basis for computing the paid up capital of its shares. And, like stated capital, PUC is an attribute of each issued corporate share.
But PUC may deviate from stated capital. Stated capital is a corporate-law concept; paid up capital is a tax-law concept. So, while PUC derives from stated capital, the two may diverge.
General concept of «ACB»
The adjusted cost base (ACB) is the shareholder’s tax cost for purchasing the shares. The ACB, when deducted from the proceeds of disposition, determines the amount of a capital gain or capital loss when the shareholder disposes of the shares.
The ACB is an attribute of the shareholder; stated capital and PUC are attributes of the shares. So, the shareholder’s ACB for a share need not accord with the share’s stated capital or PUC. The stated capital and PUC only capture a shareholder’s contribution to the corporation for a share; the ACB captures a shareholder’s contribution to any vendor for a share.
84(2)
Under subsection 84(2), upon the corporation’s liquidation or winding up, any property or cash distributed to a shareholder in excess of a share’s PUC is deemed a dividend.
But when computing the capital gain for disposing the shares, the shareholder reduces the liquidation proceeds by the amount of the deemed dividend. This ensures that the shareholder’s liquidation proceeds aren’t double taxed as both deemed dividends and capital gains.
The deemed-dividend rule in subsection 84(2) doesn’t apply if: (1) subsection 84(1) applies to the same transaction; or (2) the corporation’s share purchase for cancellation was an open-market transaction.
84(3)
Subsection 84(3) deems the shareholder to have received a dividend to the extent that the share redemption proceeds exceeded the share’s PUC.
But when computing the capital gain for disposing the shares, the shareholder offsets the redemption proceeds by the amount of the deemed dividend. This ensures that the shareholder’s redemption proceeds aren’t double taxed as both deemed dividends and capital gains.
The deemed-dividend rule in subsection 84(3) doesn’t apply if: (1) subsection 84(1) applies to the transaction; (2) the corporation’s share purchase for cancellation was an open-market transaction; or (3) the redeeming corporation was a public corporation
Deemed dividend on the redemption of shares
Subsection 84(3) deems the shareholder to have received a dividend to the extent that the share redemption proceeds exceeded the share’s PUC.
But when computing the capital gain for disposing the shares, the shareholder offsets the redemption proceeds by the amount of the deemed dividend. This ensures that the shareholder’s redemption proceeds aren’t double taxed as both deemed dividends and capital gains.
The deemed-dividend rule in subsection 84(3) doesn’t apply if: (1) subsection 84(1) applies to the transaction; (2) the corporation’s share purchase for cancellation was an open-market transaction; or (3) the redeeming corporation was a public corporation
84(4), 84(4.1)
Subsection 84(4) applies where a Canadian resident corporation reduced its PUC for any class of shares. Generally, a corporation reduces its PUC when it pays a tax-free return of capital to its shareholders. Subsection 84(4) anticipates situations where the corporation pays an amount exceeding the appropriate corresponding decrease in PUC. Basically, the provision says that, to the extent that the payment exceeds the amount of the PUC reduction, it is deemed a dividend.
Moreover, subparagraph 53(2)(a)(ii) accounts for the tax-free return of capital by reducing the ACB of the shareholder’s shares. The provision reduces the ACB in proportion to the PUC reduction of the shareholder’s shares.
So, subsection 84(4) permits a private corporation to distribute a tax-free return of capital so long as the distribution corresponds with the PUC reduction. But public corporations can only distribute a tax-free return of capital in limited circumstances.
Subsection 84(4.1) applies to public corporations. The general rule deems as a dividend any payment by a public corporation to its shareholders even if the payment doesn’t exceed the reduction of PUC. In other words, public corporations generally can’t pay a tax-free return of capital to their shareholders.
The public corporation may, however, pay a tax-free return of capital to its shareholders only if the amount came from proceeds that the corporation realized from a transaction “outside the ordinary course of the business of the corporation.” This carve out allows a public corporation to, say, sell a business unit and distribute the proceeds to its shareholders as a return of capital.
Deemed dividend upon a reduction of PUC
Subsection 84(4) applies where a Canadian resident corporation reduced its PUC for any class of shares. Generally, a corporation reduces its PUC when it pays a tax-free return of capital to its shareholders. Subsection 84(4) anticipates situations where the corporation pays an amount exceeding the appropriate corresponding decrease in PUC. Basically, the provision says that, to the extent that the payment exceeds the amount of the PUC reduction, it is deemed a dividend.
Moreover, subparagraph 53(2)(a)(ii) accounts for the tax-free return of capital by reducing the ACB of the shareholder’s shares. The provision reduces the ACB in proportion to the PUC reduction of the shareholder’s shares.
For example, a shareholder owns a share with an ACB of $10 and PUC of $10. The corporation pays the shareholder $8 as a return of capital but only reduces the share’s PUC account by $7. As a result, the shareholder receives a deemed dividend of $1 ($8 distribution minus $7 PUC reduction). The shareholder’s ACB for the share is reduced by $7. So, the shareholder owns a share with an ACB of $3 and PUC of $3.
So, subsection 84(4) permits a private corporation to distribute a tax-free return of capital so long as the distribution corresponds with the PUC reduction. But public corporations can only distribute a tax-free return of capital in limited circumstances.
Subsection 84(4.1) applies to public corporations. The general rule deems as a dividend any payment by a public corporation to its shareholders even if the payment doesn’t exceed the reduction of PUC. In other words, public corporations generally can’t pay a tax-free return of capital to their shareholders.
The public corporation may, however, pay a tax-free return of capital to its shareholders only if the amount came from proceeds that the corporation realized from a transaction “outside the ordinary course of the business of the corporation.” This carve out allows a public corporation to, say, sell a business unit and distribute the proceeds to its shareholders as a return of capital.
251(1)
«Arms length» principles
- related persons are deemed not to deal with each other at arms length
- in other cases, it is a question of fact
Definition of «arms length»
251(1) - «Arms length» principles
- related persons are deemed not to deal with each other at arms length
- in other cases, it is a question of fact
251(2)
Definition of «related persons»
Definition of «related persons»
251(2)
Employee benefit
6(1)a) - The value of any benefits received or enjoyed in the taxation year by the employee must be included in its income.
6(1)a)
Employee benefits - The value of any benefits received or enjoyed in the taxation year by the employee must be included in its income.
110(1)d)
Employee (stock) option deduction - allows a taxpayer to deduct one-half of the amount included in income by virtue of 7(1) as the value of the employee benefit arising from the exercise or the disposition of securities option. Makes it so the employees’s options are taxed at rates equivalent to capital gains.
Employee stock option deduction
110(1)d) - allows a taxpayer to deduct one-half of the amount included in income by virtue of 7(1) as the value of the employee benefit arising from the exercise or the disposition of securities option. Makes it so the employees’s options are taxed at rates equivalent to capital gains.
7(1)
Taxes an employee’s benefit derived from the exercise (or disposition) of rights under an agreement with an employer (or a corporation or mutual fund trust not dealing at arms lenght) to sell or issue shares or mutual fund units. Mainly applies to options, but is larger than that.
The benefit is deemed to be income from employment, and section 7 identifies when such income is deemed to have been realized. It is usually triggered on the exercice/disposition of the option.
When certain conditions are met, an employee may deduct 1/2 of the benefit deemed to have been received under 110(1)d).
7(1.1)
Exception to 7(1) which applies in respect of options to acquire shares of a CCPC issued to arm’s length employee. The employment benefit is instead deemed arise when the shares acquired upon the exercice of an option are disposed of or exchanged (and not at the time of exercice of the option).
One half of the benefit included may be deducted by the employee if the conditions are respected for either - paragraph 110(1)(d.1) : employee must have kept the shares for two years
- paragraph 110(1)(d) : shares not held for at least two years, then couple of conditions must be met.
84.1
Anti-avoidance rule that applies where an individual (or any taxpayer resident in Canada other than a corporation) transfers shares in a corporation to a purchaser corporation with which the individual does not deal at arm’s length and, immediately after the transfer, the corporation is connected with the purchaser corporation.
If applicable, the provision grinds the PUC on the shares received from the purchaser corporation and creates a deemed dividend out of any non-share consideration received from the purchaser corporation that exceeds the greater of PUC or «hard» ACB of the shares transferred.
100(1)
Designed to counter tax avoidance through the sale of a partnership interest to a non-resident or tax-exempt organization. The purpose is to prevent the taxpayer from obtaining capital gain treatment on the sale of a partnership interest to an exempt taxpayer in circumstances where the sale of the underlying asset by the partnership would have created ordinary income at full rates.
The totality of the capital gain on the transfer of the partnership interest is taxable in the hands of the seller.
15(2)
Shareholder debt - the amount loaned must be included in the shareholder’s income (does not apply to a corporation resident in Canada) . Among other exceptions, repayment within one year (s. 15(2.6))
Shareholder debt inclusion
15(2) - the amount loaned must be included in the shareholder’s income (does not apply to a corporation resident in Canada) . Among other exceptions, repayment within one year (s. 15(2.6))
Thin Cap Rules
Under subsection 18(4), Canadian resident corporations are denied an interest deduction in respect of interest-bearing debt owed to a “specified non-resident shareholder” (or a non-resident person not dealing at arm’s length with a specified shareholder) that exceeds a 1.5:1 debt-to-equity ratio (i.e., in general terms, a 60:40 debt-to-equity ratio). A “specified non-resident shareholder” of a Canadian corporation is defined as a non-resident shareholder who, either alone or together with other non-arm’s length persons, owns shares that entitle the holder to 25% or more of the votes in the Canadian corporation; or who own shares that have a fair market value of 25% or more of the fair market value of all the issued and outstanding shares of the Canadian corporation.
Under subsections 214(16) and 214(17), the disallowed interest is deemed to be a dividend and is subject to withholding tax under subsection 212(2), even if the amounts have not yet been paid to the non-resident shareholder.
18(4)
Thin cap rules - Canadian resident corporations are denied an interest deduction in respect of interest-bearing debt owed to a “specified non-resident shareholder” (or a non-resident person not dealing at arm’s length with a specified shareholder) that exceeds a 1.5:1 debt-to-equity ratio (i.e., in general terms, a 60:40 debt-to-equity ratio). A “specified non-resident shareholder” of a Canadian corporation is defined as a non-resident shareholder who, either alone or together with other non-arm’s length persons, owns shares that entitle the holder to 25% or more of the votes in the Canadian corporation; or who own shares that have a fair market value of 25% or more of the fair market value of all the issued and outstanding shares of the Canadian corporation.
Under subsections 214(16) and 214(17), the disallowed interest is deemed to be a dividend and is subject to withholding tax under subsection 212(2), even if the amounts have not yet been paid to the non-resident shareholder.
111(5)
111(5) restricts non‑capital loss carryovers for a corporation if control of the corporation has been acquired by a person or group of persons, unless it continues the same or similar business that incurred the losses
111(1)(a)
Section 111(1) (a) of the Income Tax Act allows a taxpayer’s non‑capital losses to be carried back or forward to different taxation years to offset income in those years
A taxpayer is required to calculate income from each source separately and total the various amounts to compute “income” for income tax purposes
Section 3 ITA
When is income taxable
Two methods of computing income from a business or property.
Under the cash method of accounting, amounts are included in income only when received and expenses are deducted only when paid. Income from an office or employment is always computed on the cash basis.
Under the accrual method of accounting, income is computed for the period during which it has been earned, notwithstanding that it may not have been collected or actually received. When computing income from a business or property, with the exception of farmers, the accrual method rather than the cash method must be used.
Sale of accounts receivable (on a sale of business)
Election available. Amounts deducted by the vendor on a sale of accounts receivable are included in the purchaser’s income
22(1)
22(1)
Provides an election, or sale of a business including its receivables, so that after the sale the buyer and not the seller can claim the doubtful debt reserve and bad debt deduction.
The amounts deducted by the vendor on a sale of acounts receivable are included in purchaser’s income.
110(1.1)
Election so that the deduction under paragraph 110(1)(d) can be claimed even though the taxpayer does not acquire the securities (but rather disposes of the right to acquire), as long as the qualifying person and persons not dealing at arm’s length with the qualifying person do not claim a deduction in respect of the payment made to the taxpayer.
2(3)
Non-resident must pay taxes in Canada where he is:
(a) was employed in Canada,
(b) carried on a business in Canada, or
(c) disposed of a taxable Canadian property,
250(4)
S. 250(4): A corporation is deemed to have been resident in Canada throughout a taxation year if:
o It was incorporated in Canada after April 26, 1965;
OR
o It was incorporated in Canada before April 27, 1965 and carried on business in Canada.
Corporation incorporated in Canada is deemed to be a resident
250(4)
Residence of foreign corporation
De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd. v. Howe, [1906] AC 445
Center of mind and will: for income tax purposes, a corporation resides where its real activities are carried on.
- Place of head office
- Actual place of business
- Place where the decision-making center
De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd. v. Howe, [1906] AC 445
Center of mind and will: for income tax purposes, a corporation resides where its real activities are carried on.
- Place of head office
- Actual place of business
- Place where the decision-making center
Definition of «Canadian corporation»
Canadian corporation at any time means a corporation that is resident in Canada at that time and was
(a) incorporated in Canada, or
(b) resident in Canada throughout the period that began on June 18, 1971 and that ends at that time,
Definition of «taxable Canadian corporation»
89(1) Taxable Canadian corporation means a corporation that, at the time the expression is relevant,
(a) was a Canadian corporation, and
(b) was not, by reason of a statutory provision, exempt from tax under this Part; (société canadienne imposable)
Definition of «private corporation»
89(1) private corporation at any particular time means a corporation that, at the particular time:
- is resident in Canada
- is not a public corporation
- is not controlled by one or more public corporations (other than prescribed venture capital corporations) or prescribed federal Crown corporations or by any combination thereof
107(2)
Subsection 107(2) applies when a personal trust or a prescribed trust distributes a property to a taxpayer who is a beneficiary under the trust in satisfaction of part or all of the beneficiary’s capital interest in the trust.
The basic result of subsection 107(2) is to pass the trust property to the beneficiary at the trust’s cost amount of the property. In certain circumstances, where the beneficiary has an actual or “hard” cost of the capital interest that exceeds the cost amount to the trust of the property distributed to the beneficiary, the cost of the property to the beneficiary may be increased to reflect such excess (subparagraphs 107(2)(b)(i) and (ii)).
Distribution of assets by a trust in satisfaction of part or all of the beneficiary’s capital interest in the trust.
107(2) - distribution may be done on a rollover basis. Disposition is made at cost of the assets for the trust.
In certain circumstances, where the beneficiary has an actual or “hard” cost of the capital interest that exceeds the cost amount to the trust of the property distributed to the beneficiary, the cost of the property to the beneficiary may be increased to reflect such excess (subparagraphs 107(2)(b)(i) and (ii)).
Subsection 212(2)
Every non-resident person shall pay an income tax of 25% on every amount that a corporation resident in Canada pays or credits, or is deemed by Part I or Part XIV to pay or credit, to the non-resident person on taxable dividends or capital dividends.
Withholding on dividend payments to non-resident
25% - s. 212(2)
88(1)
Applies where a “taxable Canadian corporation” has been wound-up into a parent taxable Canadian corporation that owns at least 90% of the shares of each class.
Paragraph 88(1)(a) : property of the subsidiary corporation that is distributed to its parent corporation shall be deemed to be disposed of for proceeds equal to the subsidiary’s cost amount.
Paragraph 88(1)(b) : shares of the subsidiary shall be deemed to have been disposed of by the parent corporation for proceeds equal to the greater of (i) PUC of those shares, (ii) the total ACB of the shares.
Paragraph 88(1)(c): the parent corporation acquires the distributed property at the subsidiary’s cost of that property.
88(1)(d) permit a “bump” - In general terms, the parent can bump the cost of eligible property (non-depreciable property, like shares) by an amount equal to the difference between the “outside” basis (i.e., the ACB to the parent of its shares of the subsidiary) and the “inside” basis of that property (i.e., the cost to the subsidiary of its eligible property), up to the amount of the fair market value (“FMV”) of the eligible property at the time the parent last acquired control of the subsidiary.
88(1)(d)
88(1)(d) permit a “bump” to increase the cost of certain non-depreciable capital property (“eligible property”, as determined by subparagraphs 88(1)(c)(iii)-(vi)) that is distributed to the parent from the subsidiary on the winding-up or amalgamation. In general terms, the parent can bump the cost of eligible property (non-depreciable property) by an amount equal to the difference between the “outside” basis (i.e., the ACB to the parent of its shares of the subsidiary) and the “inside” basis of that property (i.e., the cost to the subsidiary of its eligible property), up to the amount of the fair market value (“FMV”) of the eligible property at the time the parent last acquired control of the subsidiary.
Bump of non-depreciable property on winding-up or amalgamation
88(1)(d)
20(1)(c)
Deductibility of interest expenses
For an interest expense to be deductible, it must be a reasonable amount paid pursuant to a legal obligation to pay interest on either: (1) borrowed money used for the purpose of earning income from a business or property, or (2) an amount payable for property acquired for the purpose of gaining or producing income from property or a business.
Deductibility of interest
Paragraph 20(1)(c) - it must be a reasonable amount paid pursuant to a legal obligation to pay interest on either: (1) borrowed money used for the purpose of earning income from a business or property,20 or (2) an amount payable for property acquired for the purpose of gaining or producing income from property or a business.
150(1)
Subsection 150(1) sets out the time within which various taxpayers are required to file returns of their income.
Time within which taxpayers are required to file their income.
150(1)
150(1.1)
Exceptions from the filing obligation provided by 150(1).
93(1)
Where a corporation resident in Canada, or a foreign affiliate of a corporation resident in Canada, has disposed of a share of a foreign affiliate, section 93 permits and, in certain circumstances described below (see S. 93(1.1): Application of subsection (1.11)), deems the disposing corporation to elect to treat all or a portion of the proceeds as a dividend received on the share of the particular foreign affiliate and to exclude the elected amount from the corporation’s proceeds of disposition. This puts the disposing corporation in the same position as if it had extracted the corporate surplus (to the extent of the elected amount) by way of dividend prior to the sale, assuming the surplus so extracted would have directly reduced the purchase price.
Election to treat proceeds on the disposition of shares of a foreign affiliate as dividends
Section 93(1) ITA
Where a corporation resident in Canada, or a foreign affiliate of a corporation resident in Canada, has disposed of a share of a foreign affiliate, section 93 permits and, in certain circumstances described below (see S. 93(1.1): Application of subsection (1.11)), deems the disposing corporation to elect to treat all or a portion of the proceeds as a dividend received on the share of the particular foreign affiliate and to exclude the elected amount from the corporation’s proceeds of disposition. This puts the disposing corporation in the same position as if it had extracted the corporate surplus (to the extent of the elected amount) by way of dividend prior to the sale, assuming the surplus so extracted would have directly reduced the purchase price.
18(1)(a)
Under subsection 9(1), a taxpayer’s income from a business or property is the profit therefrom for the year, subject to Part I of the Act. One of the more general provisions in Part I is paragraph 18(1)(a), which states that no outlay or expense is deductible in computing the income of a taxpayer from a business or property except to the extent that is it was made or incurred for the purpose of gaining or producing that income.
Restriction of deductibility of expense, which must have been made or incurred for the purpose of gaining income.
18(1)(a)
Under subsection 9(1), a taxpayer’s income from a business or property is the profit therefrom for the year, subject to Part I of the Act. One of the more general provisions in Part I is paragraph 18(1)(a), which states that no outlay or expense is deductible in computing the income of a taxpayer from a business or property except to the extent that is it was made or incurred for the purpose of gaining or producing that income.
18(1)
Specific limitations on the deductibility of expenses in computing the income of a taxpayer from a business or property.
104(21)
Subsection 104(21) permits a trust to designate a portion of its net taxable capital gains for a taxation year as a taxable capital gain of a beneficiary of the trust. In essence, the designated portion of the net taxable capital gains of the trust is deemed to be the taxable capital gain of a particular beneficiary. Accordingly, the beneficiary may use allowable capital losses realized in the year or previous years to offset this income.
Capital gain election for the beneficiary of a trust.
Subsection 104(21) permits a trust to designate a portion of its net taxable capital gains for a taxation year as a taxable capital gain of a beneficiary of the trust. In essence, the designated portion of the net taxable capital gains of the trust is deemed to be the taxable capital gain of a particular beneficiary. Accordingly, the beneficiary may use allowable capital losses realized in the year or previous years to offset this income.
17(1)-(1.1)
Subsection 17(1) applies when a non-resident person “owes an amount” to a Canadian resident corporation, which has remained outstanding for one year or longer.
There is an income inclusion if interest, calculated at a reasonable rate, would be greater than the total interest attributable to the amount owed included in the corporation’s income. The inclusion is based on the difference between interest paid and a prescribed rate.
Income inclusion for a Canadian resident corporation that is owed money (unpaid within one year) from a non-resident bearing an unreasonable rate.
17(1)-(1.1)
Subsection 17(1) applies when a non-resident person “owes an amount” to a Canadian resident corporation, which has remained outstanding for one year or longer.
There is an income inclusion if interest, calculated at a reasonable rate, would be greater than the total interest attributable to the amount owed included in the corporation’s income. The inclusion is based on the difference between interest paid and a prescribed rate.
112(1)
A corporation may deduct in computing taxable income an amount equal to taxable dividends received by it from:
(a) a taxable Canadian corporation; or
(b) any other corporation (except a non–resident-owned investment corporation or a corporation exempt from tax) which is resident in Canada and controlled by it.