IT Networks and Electronic Commerce Flashcards
Distributed Processing
the decentralization of processing tasks and data storage and assigning these functions to multiple computers
Local Area Networks
interconnection between devices in a single office or building; owned entirely by a single organization
Peer-to-Peer Arrangement
every device in a small network is connected directly to every other
Client-Server Network
client processes (initiated by the individual user) request services from server processes (maintained centrally)
Client
any object that uses the resources of another object; can be either a device or a software program
Wide Area Network
conglomerate of LANs over widely separated locations; publicly or privately owned; cost of ownership is spread among multiple organizations (public telephone system and the Internet)
Privately Owned WANs
value-added networks
virtual private networks
Value-Added Networks
private networks that provide their customers with reliable, high-speed secure transmission of data; provide their customers with error detection and correction services, electronic mailbox facilities for EDI purposes, EDI translation, and security for email and data transmissions
Virtual Private Networks
companies connect each office or LAN to a local Internet service provider and routes data through the shared, low-cost public Internet
Intranet
shares information throughout an organization by applying Internet connectivity standards and Web software to the organization’s internal network
Extranet
linked intranets of two or more organizations; typically uses the public Internet as its transmission medium but requires a password for access
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
a suite of communications protocols used to connect computers to the Internet.
Hypertext Markup Language
allows users to click on a hyperlink on their screens and have another document automatically be displayed
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
allows hyperlinking across the Internet rather than on just a single computer; World Wide Web
Extensible Markup Language
codes all information in such a way that a user can determine not only how it should be presented but also what it is
Uniform Resource Locator
unique address for a resource on the Web
Cloud Computing
on-demand access to resources that are accessed on the Internet and shared by others
E-Business
umbrella term referring to all methods of conducting business electronically
E-Commerce
the conduct of financial transactions with outside parties electronically
Types of E-Commerce
business-to-business business-to-consumer consumer-to-consumer consumer-to-business business-to-administration consumer-to-administration
Benefits of B2B
reduced purchasing costs
increased market efficiency
greater market intelligence
decreased inventory levels
Electronic Data Interchange
the communication of data in a format agreed to by the parties directly from a computer in one entity to a computer in another entity
Advantages of EDI
reduction of clerical errors
increased speed of transactions
elimination of repetitive clerical tasks
use of digital rather than physical record storage
Disadvantages of EDI
information may be insecure
data may be lost
transmissions to partners may fail
more complex and costly
