IT Networks and Electronic Commerce

Question 1

Distributed Processing

Answer 1

the decentralization of processing tasks and data storage and assigning these functions to multiple computers

Question 2

Local Area Networks

Answer 2

interconnection between devices in a single office or building; owned entirely by a single organization

Question 3

Peer-to-Peer Arrangement

Answer 3

every device in a small network is connected directly to every other

Question 4

Client-Server Network

Answer 4

client processes (initiated by the individual user) request services from server processes (maintained centrally)

Question 5

Client

Answer 5

any object that uses the resources of another object; can be either a device or a software program

Question 6

Wide Area Network

Answer 6

conglomerate of LANs over widely separated locations; publicly or privately owned; cost of ownership is spread among multiple organizations (public telephone system and the Internet)

Question 7

Privately Owned WANs

Answer 7

value-added networks

virtual private networks

Question 8

Value-Added Networks

Answer 8

private networks that provide their customers with reliable, high-speed secure transmission of data; provide their customers with error detection and correction services, electronic mailbox facilities for EDI purposes, EDI translation, and security for email and data transmissions

Question 9

Virtual Private Networks

Answer 9

companies connect each office or LAN to a local Internet service provider and routes data through the shared, low-cost public Internet

Question 10

Intranet

Answer 10

shares information throughout an organization by applying Internet connectivity standards and Web software to the organization’s internal network

Question 11

Extranet

Answer 11

linked intranets of two or more organizations; typically uses the public Internet as its transmission medium but requires a password for access

Question 12

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

Answer 12

a suite of communications protocols used to connect computers to the Internet.

Question 13

Hypertext Markup Language

Answer 13

allows users to click on a hyperlink on their screens and have another document automatically be displayed

Question 14

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Answer 14

allows hyperlinking across the Internet rather than on just a single computer; World Wide Web

Question 15

Extensible Markup Language

Answer 15

codes all information in such a way that a user can determine not only how it should be presented but also what it is

Question 16

Uniform Resource Locator

Answer 16

unique address for a resource on the Web

Question 17

Cloud Computing

Answer 17

on-demand access to resources that are accessed on the Internet and shared by others

Question 18

E-Business

Answer 18

umbrella term referring to all methods of conducting business electronically

Question 19

E-Commerce

Answer 19

the conduct of financial transactions with outside parties electronically

Question 20

Types of E-Commerce

Answer 20

business-to-business
business-to-consumer
consumer-to-consumer
consumer-to-business
business-to-administration
consumer-to-administration

Question 21

Benefits of B2B

Answer 21

reduced purchasing costs
increased market efficiency
greater market intelligence
decreased inventory levels

Question 22

Electronic Data Interchange

Answer 22

the communication of data in a format agreed to by the parties directly from a computer in one entity to a computer in another entity

Question 23

Advantages of EDI

Answer 23

reduction of clerical errors
increased speed of transactions
elimination of repetitive clerical tasks
use of digital rather than physical record storage

Question 24

Disadvantages of EDI

Answer 24

information may be insecure
data may be lost
transmissions to partners may fail
more complex and costly

Question 25

Conventions

Answer 25

the procedures for arranging data elements in specified formats for various accounting transactions (invoices, materials releases, shipment notices)

Question 26

Transmission Protocols

Answer 26

rules to determine how each electronic envelope is structured and processed by the communications devices

Question 27

Structured Data

Answer 27

data with a high level of organization (relational database)

Question 28

Semi-Structured Data

Answer 28

does not conform with the formal structure of data models associated with relationship databases or other forms of data tables; there exists some aspect of formatting of records and fields within the data

Question 29

Unstructured Data

Answer 29

information that is not organized in a pre-defined manner (dates, numbers, images)

Question 30

The V’s of Big Data

Answer 30

volume - extreme amount of data
variety - different file types
velocity - speed data is analyzed
veracity - trustworthiness of data
value - affected by other four v's

Question 31

Data Management

Answer 31

data needs to be high quality and well-governed before it can be reliably analyzed

Question 32

Data Mining

Answer 32

examines large amounts of data to discover patterns in the data

Question 33

Hadoop

Answer 33

open source software framework that stores large amounts of data and runs applications on clusters of commodity hardware

Question 34

In-Memory Analytics

Answer 34

analyze data from system memory instead of secondary storage

Question 35

Predictive Analytics

Answer 35

technology that uses data, statistical algorithms, and machine-learning techniques to identify the likelihood of future outcomes based on historical data

Question 36

Text Mining

Answer 36

analyze text data from the Web, comment fields, books, and other text-based sources through the use of machine learning or natural language processing technology