IT Fundamentals Flashcards
Week 2
What is the CPU (Central Processing Unit)?
The CPU is the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside, executing instructions from programs, managing operations, and controlling the flow of data.
What is RAM (Random Access Memory)?
RAM is temporary memory used by a computer to store data for active programs, enabling quick access and processing.
What is an HDD (Hard Disk Drive)?
HDD is a storage device that uses spinning disks to read/write data, offering large capacity at a lower cost.
What is an SSD (Solid State Drive)?
SSD is a fast storage device that uses flash memory, providing quicker data access and better durability than HDDs.
What is Cloud Storage?
Cloud storage allows data to be stored on remote servers, accessible via the internet, for easy backup and sharing.
What are Peripherals?
Peripherals are external devices connected to a computer, such as printers, keyboards, and mice.
What is a Web Server?
A web server hosts websites and delivers web pages to browsers through the internet.
What is an Application Server?
An application server runs software applications and provides services to client machines or other servers.
What is a Database Server?
A database server manages databases, handling data requests and storage for applications or users.
What is a LAN (Local Area Network)?
A LAN is a network connecting computers and devices within a limited area, like a building or office.
What is a WAN (Wide Area Network)?
A WAN connects multiple LANs over a large geographic area, often using the internet or leased lines.
What is a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?
A VPN creates a secure connection over a public network, protecting privacy and data from eavesdropping.
What is a Router?
A router directs data traffic between networks, ensuring proper delivery to destinations like devices or websites.
What is a Switch?
A switch connects devices within a network and forwards data based on MAC addresses for efficient communication.
What is a Firewall?
A firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic to prevent unauthorized access.
What are Packets?
Packets are small units of data transmitted over a network, containing part of the information being sent.
What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud computing delivers computing services (like storage, processing) over the internet, enabling flexible access and scalability.
What is IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)?
IaaS provides virtualized computing resources like servers and storage over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis.
What is PaaS (Platform as a Service)?
PaaS offers a platform for building, testing, and deploying applications without managing underlying infrastructure.
What is SaaS (Software as a Service)?
SaaS delivers software applications over the internet, eliminating the need for local installation or maintenance.
What is Virtualization?
Virtualization creates virtual versions of physical resources (e.g., servers, storage), enabling more efficient usage.
What are Hypervisors?
Hypervisors manage virtual machines, allowing multiple VMs to run on a single physical host system.
What are Virtual Machines (VMs)?
VMs are software-based emulations of physical computers, running operating systems and applications like a real machine.
What is Network Virtualization?
Network virtualization combines hardware and software resources into a virtual network, improving flexibility and management.
What is a Switch in networking?
A switch connects devices within a network, forwarding data based on MAC addresses to ensure efficient communication.
What is a Router in networking?
A router directs data between different networks, ensuring proper delivery of data across networks or the internet.
What is the difference between LANs and WANs?
LAN (Local Area Network) connects devices within a small area, while WAN (Wide Area Network) connects LANs over a large geographical area.
What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, offering about 4 billion addresses. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for a vastly larger address space.
What is Subnetting in networking?
Subnetting divides a large network into smaller, more manageable sub-networks (subnets) to improve efficiency and security.
What is involved in Assigning IP addresses?
IP addresses are assigned to devices within a network to uniquely identify them and allow for proper data routing.
What are the 7 Network Layers in the OSI Model?
The layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer handles specific tasks for data communication.
What is the Terminal?
The terminal is a command-line interface used to interact with an operating system through text-based commands.
What is the Windows Command Line Interface (CLI)?
The CLI allows users to interact with the operating system by typing commands, providing more control over system functions.
What can the CLI do?
The CLI allows users to run programs, manage files, configure system settings, and troubleshoot, all through text commands.
What is the primary use of the Task Manager in Windows?
Task Manager monitors system performance, running processes, and allows users to manage applications and troubleshoot issues.
What is the primary role of an Operating System?
An operating system manages hardware resources, provides an interface for users, and enables application execution.
What is the primary role of a Network Switch?
A network switch connects devices within a network and directs data packets based on MAC addresses for efficient communication.
What is the primary purpose of using the ‘ping’ command in Windows and Linux?
The ‘ping’ command checks the connectivity between devices on a network by sending ICMP packets and measuring response time.
How does PaaS differ from SaaS in cloud computing?
PaaS provides a platform for developing apps, while SaaS delivers ready-to-use software applications over the internet.
Which component is considered the ‘brain’ of the computer?
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is considered the brain of the computer, handling all processing tasks.
Bash scripting is primarily used for what purpose?
Bash scripting automates tasks and executes commands in Unix-based systems, improving efficiency and workflow.
