IT Fundamentals Flashcards
What are the two main parts that make up an operating system
kernel
User Space
What are the main components of file management
Metadata
File data
File system
A ______ is an interconnection of computers
Network
What was the last step in booting a computer
Setting up the user space
In the IT field managing, designing, and building networks is known as ______
Networking
What factors limit the number of IPv4 addresses
The number of devices that can connect to the internet
The number of private and public internet addresses
What protocol is the primary infrastructure that created the internet
TCP/IP
What is the limitation of the IPv4 protocal
The maximum amount of IP addresses that can be assigned
What invention allows people to share more than just text on the internet
The world wide Web
You want to register a domain name but are unable to what is the most likely probable cause.
The name is already taken
What type of address do computers use to find something on the network
IP address
What protocol handles the delivery of information from one network to another
TCP protocol
What does a router do in networking?
Utilizes networkprotocols to determine where to send data packets
Connects devices together to help direct network traffic
How have IPv4 limitations been solved?
By using network address translation (NAT)
By implementing IPv6 protocol
What is network address translation (NAT)
NAT let’s organization use one IP addresslet’s organization choose one public IP address and many private IP addresses within the network
True or false: and IP address is a unique identifier for a computer on a network.
True
What is a BIOS (basic input output service)
The bios is software that helps initialize the hardware in a computer and gets the operating system up and running
Bios / UEFI
A low level software that initializes a computer’s hardware to make sure everything is good to go
Boot
To start up a computer
Bootloader
A small program that loads the operating system
Cache
The assigned storage location for recently or frequently access data
Clients
A advice that receives data from a server
Clock speed
The maximum number of clock cycles that a computer can handle in a set in a certain time period
Coding
Translating one language to another
Command line interface (CLI)
A show that uses text commands to interact with the operating system
DARPA
A US government project in the 1960s that went on to create the earliest version of the internet
Data blocks
Data that can be broken down into many pieces and written to different parts of the hard disk
DDR SD RAM
A type of RAM that is faster, takes up less power, and has a larger capacity than earlier SD RAM
Digital divide
The growing skill gap between people with and without digital literacy skills
DIMM
Dual inline memory module
Domain name system (DNS)
A global and highly distributed network service that resolves strings of letters such as a website name into an IP address
DRAM
Dynamic random access memory
Firmware
Software that is permanently stored on a computer component
Form factor
A mathematical way to compensate for irregularities in the shape of an object by using a ratio between its volume and height
GIT
Aversion control that helps keep track of changes made to files and directories
Globalization
The movement that lets governments, businesses, and organizations communicate and integrate together on an international scale
Hard drive
A long-term memory component that holds all of the data which can include music pictures and application
Hardware
External or internal devices and equipment that can help perform major functions
Hard disk drive (HDD)
Hard disk drives or HDDs use a spinning platter and a mechanical arms read and write information
Hdmi
A type of cable that outputs both video and audio
Heatsink
A device used to dissipate heat from the CPU
Hubs
Devices that serve as a central location through which data travels through
Information technology
The use of digital technology like computers and the internet to store Ross’s data into useful information
Input/output device
A device that performs input and output including monitors, keywords, mice, hard disk drives, speakers, Bluetooth headsets, webcams, and network adapters
Instruction set
A list of instructions that the CPU is able to run
Internet corporation of assigned Ames and numbers (ICANN)
Wear website names are registered
Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)
An address that consists of 32-bit separated into four groups
Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6)
An address that consists of 128 bits. 4x the amount IVP4 uses
Internet of things (IoT)
The concept that more and more devices are connected to the internet and a smarter fashion
Interpreted programming language
A language that isn’t compiled ahead of time
I/o management
Anything that can provide input or that can be used for output of data
Kernel
The main core of an operating system that creates processes, efficiently schedules them, and manages how processes are terminated
Land grid array (LGA)
The type of CPU socket that sticks out of the motherboard
Logs
Files that record system events on a computer
Memory controller chip
A bridge between the CPU and the RAM
Memory Management
One of the functions that a kernel performs; it optimizes memory usage and make sure applications have enough memory to run
Metadata
Toes users everything they need to know about a file, including who created it, when it was last modified, who has access to it, and what type of file it is
Motherboard
The body or circulatory system of the computer that connects all the pieces together
Network stack
A set of hardware or software that provides the infrastructure of a computer
Northbridge
Interconnects things like RAM and video cards
Open source
This means that developers will let other developers share, modify, and distribute their software for free
Operating system
The whole package that manages a computer’s resources and let’s users interact with it
Overclocking
Increasing the rate of a CPUs clock cycles in order to perform more tasks
Peripherals
The external devices that are connected to a computer to add functionality
I.e. a mouse, keyboard, and monitor
True or false: IT specialists are required to check the license agreement of any software before installing
True
System software
Used to keep the core system running
Why is basic knowledge of scripting an important tool for IT specialist to have?
Scripting allows basic functions to be automated easily like initiating updates.
Compiler
A compiler takes human instructions and compiles them into machine instructions
Software bug
An error in software that causes unexpected results
Sudo
Used in Ubuntu Linux to show you are authorized to install software
Apt
A command in Ubuntu Linux to install a software package
.exe
Used by Windows as a file extension for executable files
Root cause
The main factor that’s causing a range of issues
Reboot action
A coping mechanism used to mentally pull you out of a difficult situation
