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IT Specialist > IT Fundamentals > Flashcards

IT Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main parts that make up an operating system

A

kernel

User Space

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2
Q

What are the main components of file management

A

Metadata
File data
File system

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3
Q

A ______ is an interconnection of computers

A

Network

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4
Q

What was the last step in booting a computer

A

Setting up the user space

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5
Q

In the IT field managing, designing, and building networks is known as ______

A

Networking

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6
Q

What factors limit the number of IPv4 addresses

A

The number of devices that can connect to the internet

The number of private and public internet addresses

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7
Q

What protocol is the primary infrastructure that created the internet

A

TCP/IP

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8
Q

What is the limitation of the IPv4 protocal

A

The maximum amount of IP addresses that can be assigned

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9
Q

What invention allows people to share more than just text on the internet

A

The world wide Web

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10
Q

You want to register a domain name but are unable to what is the most likely probable cause.

A

The name is already taken

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11
Q

What type of address do computers use to find something on the network

A

IP address

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12
Q

What protocol handles the delivery of information from one network to another

A

TCP protocol

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13
Q

What does a router do in networking?

A

Utilizes networkprotocols to determine where to send data packets

Connects devices together to help direct network traffic

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14
Q

How have IPv4 limitations been solved?

A

By using network address translation (NAT)

By implementing IPv6 protocol

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15
Q

What is network address translation (NAT)

A

NAT let’s organization use one IP addresslet’s organization choose one public IP address and many private IP addresses within the network

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16
Q

True or false: and IP address is a unique identifier for a computer on a network.

A

True

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17
Q

What is a BIOS (basic input output service)

A

The bios is software that helps initialize the hardware in a computer and gets the operating system up and running

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18
Q

Bios / UEFI

A

A low level software that initializes a computer’s hardware to make sure everything is good to go

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19
Q

Boot

A

To start up a computer

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20
Q

Bootloader

A

A small program that loads the operating system

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21
Q

Cache

A

The assigned storage location for recently or frequently access data

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22
Q

Clients

A

A advice that receives data from a server

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23
Q

Clock speed

A

The maximum number of clock cycles that a computer can handle in a set in a certain time period

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24
Q

Coding

A

Translating one language to another

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25
Q

Command line interface (CLI)

A

A show that uses text commands to interact with the operating system

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26
Q

DARPA

A

A US government project in the 1960s that went on to create the earliest version of the internet

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27
Q

Data blocks

A

Data that can be broken down into many pieces and written to different parts of the hard disk

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28
Q

DDR SD RAM

A

A type of RAM that is faster, takes up less power, and has a larger capacity than earlier SD RAM

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29
Q

Digital divide

A

The growing skill gap between people with and without digital literacy skills

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30
Q

DIMM

A

Dual inline memory module

31
Q

Domain name system (DNS)

A

A global and highly distributed network service that resolves strings of letters such as a website name into an IP address

32
Q

DRAM

A

Dynamic random access memory

33
Q

Firmware

A

Software that is permanently stored on a computer component

34
Q

Form factor

A

A mathematical way to compensate for irregularities in the shape of an object by using a ratio between its volume and height

35
Q

GIT

A

Aversion control that helps keep track of changes made to files and directories

36
Q

Globalization

A

The movement that lets governments, businesses, and organizations communicate and integrate together on an international scale

37
Q

Hard drive

A

A long-term memory component that holds all of the data which can include music pictures and application

38
Q

Hardware

A

External or internal devices and equipment that can help perform major functions

39
Q

Hard disk drive (HDD)

A

Hard disk drives or HDDs use a spinning platter and a mechanical arms read and write information

40
Q

Hdmi

A

A type of cable that outputs both video and audio

41
Q

Heatsink

A

A device used to dissipate heat from the CPU

42
Q

Hubs

A

Devices that serve as a central location through which data travels through

43
Q

Information technology

A

The use of digital technology like computers and the internet to store Ross’s data into useful information

44
Q

Input/output device

A

A device that performs input and output including monitors, keywords, mice, hard disk drives, speakers, Bluetooth headsets, webcams, and network adapters

45
Q

Instruction set

A

A list of instructions that the CPU is able to run

46
Q

Internet corporation of assigned Ames and numbers (ICANN)

A

Wear website names are registered

47
Q

Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)

A

An address that consists of 32-bit separated into four groups

48
Q

Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6)

A

An address that consists of 128 bits. 4x the amount IVP4 uses

49
Q

Internet of things (IoT)

A

The concept that more and more devices are connected to the internet and a smarter fashion

50
Q

Interpreted programming language

A

A language that isn’t compiled ahead of time

51
Q

I/o management

A

Anything that can provide input or that can be used for output of data

52
Q

Kernel

A

The main core of an operating system that creates processes, efficiently schedules them, and manages how processes are terminated

53
Q

Land grid array (LGA)

A

The type of CPU socket that sticks out of the motherboard

54
Q

Logs

A

Files that record system events on a computer

55
Q

Memory controller chip

A

A bridge between the CPU and the RAM

56
Q

Memory Management

A

One of the functions that a kernel performs; it optimizes memory usage and make sure applications have enough memory to run

57
Q

Metadata

A

Toes users everything they need to know about a file, including who created it, when it was last modified, who has access to it, and what type of file it is

58
Q

Motherboard

A

The body or circulatory system of the computer that connects all the pieces together

59
Q

Network stack

A

A set of hardware or software that provides the infrastructure of a computer

60
Q

Northbridge

A

Interconnects things like RAM and video cards

61
Q

Open source

A

This means that developers will let other developers share, modify, and distribute their software for free

62
Q

Operating system

A

The whole package that manages a computer’s resources and let’s users interact with it

63
Q

Overclocking

A

Increasing the rate of a CPUs clock cycles in order to perform more tasks

64
Q

Peripherals

A

The external devices that are connected to a computer to add functionality

I.e. a mouse, keyboard, and monitor

65
Q

True or false: IT specialists are required to check the license agreement of any software before installing

A

True

66
Q

System software

A

Used to keep the core system running

67
Q

Why is basic knowledge of scripting an important tool for IT specialist to have?

A

Scripting allows basic functions to be automated easily like initiating updates.

68
Q

Compiler

A

A compiler takes human instructions and compiles them into machine instructions

69
Q

Software bug

A

An error in software that causes unexpected results

70
Q

Sudo

A

Used in Ubuntu Linux to show you are authorized to install software

71
Q

Apt

A

A command in Ubuntu Linux to install a software package

72
Q

.exe

A

Used by Windows as a file extension for executable files

73
Q

Root cause

A

The main factor that’s causing a range of issues

74
Q

Reboot action

A

A coping mechanism used to mentally pull you out of a difficult situation

IT Specialist (3 decks)

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