Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IT Fundamentals > IT Fundamentals > Flashcards

IT Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

32-bit versus 64-bit

A

32-bit versus 64-bit refers to the maximum size of an instruction the CPU can process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

8.3 Filenames

A

The 8.3 filenames file-naming standard began with Microsoft DOS in 1981 and consisted of an eight-character ASCII name followed by a three-character file extension. Modern operating systems support long filenames, but MS Windows can also generate a short filename based on DOS 8.3 naming rules for compatibility with much older applications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Access Control List (ACL)

A

The ACL specifies the user accounts and hosts IP addresses that can access a site and the privileges allowed for the account or program accessing the site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Access Point (AP)

A

An AP, such as a router, connects wireless devices and a cabled network. Access points that provide Internet connectivity in grocery stores, shops, restaurants, libraries, airports, and medical facilities are often referred to as hotspots.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Active Partition

A

The primary partition is the active, bootable partition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adapter Card

A

Adapter card circuit boards provide additional video, sound, and communication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Android

A

Android is an open-source operating system built for mobile devices developed by the Open Handset Alliance and primarily sponsored by Google.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antivirus Software

A

Antivirus software aims to detect and remove virus infections and most malware. Antivirus software identifies malware code (signatures) and detects suspicious behavior (heuristics). Antivirus software requires frequent updating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Apple

A

Apple is a company that manufactures desktops, laptops, all-in-ones, tablets, phones, and other related peripheral devices and software. Apple computers use macOS, built on UNIX, and use Apple-native or third-party developer apps built to run on the macOS platform.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Audio Card

A

Audio cards are adapter cards that enable computers to record and play sound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Audio Port

A

Audio ports, usually located at the edge of the motherboard, provide a connection to the cable to support audio in, speaker out, microphone input, and headphones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Authentication

A

Authentication is a method for users to prove who they are. Methods include specifying a username and password, smart cards, biometrics, and additional techniques such as two-factor authentication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Availability

A

Availability is the balance of implementing security measures that protect resources from loss, damage, or DoS attacks and providing users with methods to recover access to their devices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Backup

A

A backup is a copy of data stored for use in case of a system failure. Backups help prevent loss of work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Battery

A

A battery is a power source for computing devices, typically rechargeable Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries of differing capacities. Computers use coin cell batteries to power their CMOS RAM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Binary

A

The binary is a notational system with two values per digit, zero and one.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Biometric

A

Biometric identification is physically identifying features as security authentication to access a device, software application, or website.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bit

A

A bit, the smallest measurable computer value is a single digit with two values, zero and one.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bits per Second (bps)

A

Bits per second is a data rate measurement used to describe data transfer speeds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bluetooth

A

Bluetooth is a short-range, radio-based technology that works up to 10 m (30 feet) at up to 1 Mbps connecting computing devices with peripherals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blu-ray

A

Blu-ray is optical drive technology with a disc capacity of 25 GB per layer. Transfer rates are measured in multiples of 36 MBps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Boolean

A

Boolean is a data type that supports 1-bit storage, representing true and false values. Boolean logic is a statement that uses true and false conditions. Boolean logic supports the branching and looping features in computer code.

23
Q

Boot Partition

A

The boot partition, or system partition, for both Apple and MS Windows devices, is the partitioned part of the hard drive that contains the MS Windows operating system.

24
Q

Browser

A

A web browser is software designed to view HTML pages that runs plug-in applications to enable file formats, including PDFs, sound, and video.

25
Q

Bus

A

A physical connection between motherboard components and peripheral devices attached to the computer. A bus’s capabilities include data sharing, memory addressing, and supplying power to the port. Common bus types include PCI, PCI Express, ExpressCard, and USB.

26
Q

Byte

A

A byte is the value of eight bits.

27
Q

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor

A

A CRT monitor receives an analog signal from the graphics adapter and illuminates red, green, and blue dots, forming a picture. Most current systems use LCD panels.

28
Q

Celeron Processor Series

A

The Celeron processor series is a set of CPU models produced by Intel alongside their Pentium and Core brands.

29
Q

Cell Phone

A

Cell phones are mobile devices that send and receive data and voice communications using base station transmitters, known as cells, which connect to cellular and telephone networks. Data communications are divided into bands with differing data transmission capabilities: 4G (LTE, up to about 150 Mbps) and 5G (up to 1 Gbps). Most cellular networks in the United States now offer 4G and 5G communications.

30
Q

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A

The CPU is the principal microprocessor in a computer or smartphone responsible for running operating systems and applications software.

31
Q

Char

A

Char, short for character, is a data type representing one data storage unit. ASCII and Unicode are char data types.

32
Q

Chip Set

A

A chip set communicates with components using controllers. Chip sets can also include “integrated” adapters for video, sound, and network connections. Chip sets placed close to the CPU are referred to as northbridge chip sets. Chip sets further away on the board, or located at the perimeter of the board, are referred to as southbridge.

33
Q

Chrome OS

A

Based on Linux, Chrome OS is a proprietary operating system developed by Google to run on specific laptops (Chromebooks) and personal computers (Chromebox).

34
Q

Client

A

A client device is any computer hardware or software device that requests access to a service, such as a printer or stored data, which is available via the network.

35
Q

Compatibility Mode

A

Compatibility mode is the capability of an application to work with data, files, and settings from previous versions of an application or operating system.

36
Q

Computer Management Console

A

The Computer Management Console provides access to Windows Device Manager, Event Viewer, Disk Management, Services, and Performance Monitor. One way to access the console is to type Computer Management in the Taskbar search field and open the Computer Management app.

37
Q

Control Panel

A

The control panel is the primary MS Windows management interface for managing operating system settings.

38
Q

Converged Network

A

Converged networks carry both voice and data. These networks require additional security considerations to mitigate the vulnerability to denial of services (DoS) and eavesdropping.

39
Q

Cooling Device

A

Cooling devices dissipate the heat that CPUs generate. This heat can damage the processor or chip. Generally, CPUs include a heatsink consisting of a metal block with fins and a fan. A thermal compound applied at the contact point between the chip and the heatsink helps heat transfer. Most computers also include one or more fans that route heated air out of the case. Modern motherboards have temperature sensors that warn of overheating before damage can occur. Large computing systems and performance PCs may require liquid cooling. Active cooling systems use electricity. Passive cooling systems do not require electricity.

40
Q

Core Processor Series

A

Core Processor Series is an Intel processor brand. Core, Core 2, and Core iX CPUs are based on the Pentium M architecture.

41
Q

Data Rate

A

The data rate is the speed at which data is sent and received among two or more computer components.

42
Q

Data Unit

A

A data unit is a fundamental unit of data storage. A bit is a computer’s most fundamental data unit and computer storage.

43
Q

Default Account

A

Default accounts include default administrative and guest accounts configured on servers and networks. A good practice is to rename the MS Windows administrative account. Another good practice is to leave the “root” system owner account unused on UNIX/Linux systems.

44
Q

Default Gateway

A

The default gateway is a TCP/IP address parameter that identifies the location of a router on the local subnet. The host device uses that TCP/IP address as part of the routing information needed to contact other networks.

45
Q

Desktop

A

The desktop is the main window displayed when a user opens a computer. The term “desktop” is usually associated with Microsoft Windows computers.

46
Q

Device Driver

A

Device driver code, usually provided by the hardware manufacturer, loads on startup and works with the OS to establish communication with the additional hardware. MS Windows uses a signing system for drivers to validate that the code is approved.

47
Q

Device Manager

A

The MS Windows Device Manager enables the administrator to add devices, view device properties, disable and remove devices, update device drivers, view system resources, and update device drivers.

48
Q

Digital Camera (Digicam)

A

Digital cameras use light-sensitive diodes and nonvolatile electronic storage media. The array’s sensitivity determines the image’s maximum resolution, usually documented in pixels. Digital cameras can connect to a computer using a USB or Firewire port. However, with digital cameras as part of smartphones, users often store images on the cloud and download images to other sites for publication and storage.

49
Q

Digital Signaling

A

Digital signaling uses discrete states to represent simple values, such as 1 or 0.

50
Q

Digital Video Interface (DVI)

A

DVI is a video adapter designed to replace VGA ports on CRT monitors. DVI interfaces can support digital-only or digital and analog signaling.

51
Q

Directory

A

A directory is a file system object that organizes files within a specific space. Directories, also known as folders, are created within the hard drive. The main space that holds directories and subdirectories is called the root folder.

52
Q

Disaster Recovery Plan

A

The disaster recovery plan, in conjunction with business continuity, sets out actions and responsibilities for foreseen and unforeseen critical incidents. Disaster recovery plans include the actions and responsibilities in response to critical incidents. Recovery plans can also include practice exercises to assess disaster recovery procedures.

53
Q

Disk Operating System (DOS)

A

Widely adopted in the 1980s, Microsoft developed MS-DOS as a single-task operating system. The last MS-DOS release was version 6.22, released in June 1994.

54
Q
A

IT Fundamentals (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions