IT EXams Flashcards
Your developers have created 10 web applications that must be host on Azure.
You need to determine which Azure web tier plan to host the web apps. The web tier plan must meet the following requirements:
✑ The web apps will use custom domains.
✑ The web apps each require 10 GB of storage.
✑ The web apps must each run in dedicated compute instances.
✑ Load balancing between instances must be included.
✑ Costs must be minimized.
Which web tier plan should you use?
A. Standard B. Basic C. Free D. Shared
B. Basic
Explanation:
Standard offers 50 GB of storage space, while Basic only gives 10 GB.
References:
http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/details/websites/
Note: The question is included in a number of questions that depicts the identical set-up. However, every question has a distinctive result. Establish if the solution satisfies the requirements.
You are planning to migrate a company to Azure. Each of the company’s numerous divisions will have an administrator in place to manage the Azure resources used by their respective division.
You want to make sure that the Azure deployment you employ allows for Azure to be segmented for the divisions, while keeping administrative effort to a minimum.
Solution: You plan to make use of several Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) directories.
Does the solution meet the goal?
A. Yes B. No
You are planning to migrate a company to Azure. Each of the company’s numerous divisions will have an administrator in place to manage the Azure resources used by their respective division.
You want to make sure that the Azure deployment you employ allows for Azure to be segmented for the divisions, while keeping administrative effort to a minimum.
Solution: You plan to make use of several Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) directories.
Does the solution meet the goal?
A. Yes B. No
B. No
Your developers have created a portal web app for users in the Miami branch office. The web app will be publicly accessible and used by the Miami users to retrieve customer and product information. The web app is currently running in an on-premises test environment.
You plan to host the web app on Azure.
You need to determine which Azure web tier plan to host the web app. The web tier plan must meet the following requirements:
✑ The website will use the miami.weyland.com URL.
✑ The website will be deployed to two instances.
✑ SSL support must be included.
✑ The website requires 12 GB of storage.
✑ Costs must be minimized.
Which web tier plan should you use?
A. Standard B. Basic C. Free D. Shared
A. Standard
Explanation:
References:
http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/azure-subscription-service-limits/
Your company is planning to migrate all their virtual machines to an Azure pay-as-you-go subscription. The virtual machines are currently hosted on the Hyper-V hosts in a data center.
You are required make sure that the intended Azure solution uses the correct expenditure model.
Solution: You should recommend the use of the elastic expenditure model.
Does the solution meet the goal?
A. Yes B. No
B. No
You are tasked with deploying a critical LOB application, which will be installed on a virtual machine, to Azure.
You are informed that the application deployment strategy should allow for a guaranteed availability of 99.99 percent. You need to make sure that the strategy requires as little virtual machines and availability zones as possible.
Solution: You include two virtual machines and one availability zone in your strategy.
Does the solution meet the goal?
A. Yes B. No
B. No
Explanation:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/availability-zones/az-overview
You are tasked with deploying a critical LOB application, which will be installed on a virtual machine, to Azure.
You are informed that the application deployment strategy should allow for a guaranteed availability of 99.99 percent. You need to make sure that the strategy requires as little virtual machines and availability zones as possible.
Solution: You include one virtual machine and two availability zones in your strategy.
Does the solution meet the goal?
A. Yes B. No
B. No
Explanation:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/availability-zones/az-overview
Azure Virtual Machines offer less control over the computing environment than the other compute offerings
B. False
Which offering below uses inbound and outbound rules to filter network traffic to and from Azure resources connected to Azure Virtual Networks?
A, Public Load Balancer
B. Internal Load Balancer
C. Application Security Group
D. Network Security Group
D. Network Security Group
Deploying a solution using Azure Container Instances requires you to manage virtual machines
A. True
B. False
B. False
Which service below is Microsofts managed network security service in Azure that protects Azure Virtual network resources?
A. Azure Bastion
B. Azure Firewall
C. Application Security Group
D. Azure Sentinel
B. Azure Firewall
Which service below provides developer services for support teams to plan, work, collaborate on code development and build and deploy applications
A. Azure Virtual Machines
B. Azure DevOps
C. Azure Functions
D. Azure Container Instances
B. Azure DevOps
Which storage service below is best for serving images or documents directly to a browser, and for streaming video and audio?
A. Azure Blob Storage
B. Azure File Storage
C. Virtual Machine Disks
D. Queue Storage
A. Azure Blob Storage
Data in the storage service below can be mounted concurrently by cloud and on premises deployments, using SMB protocol and NFS
A. Azure Blog Storage
B. Table Storage
C. Azure Files
D. Queue Storage
C. Azure Files
Explanat
Which option below is used to define repeatable sets of Azure resources that implement and adhere to standards, patterns and requirements?
A. None of the choices is correct
B. ARM Templates
C. Azure Policy
D. Azure Blueprints
D. Azure Blueprints
Azure Service Health provides personalized guidance and support wnever issues with Azure services affect you
A. True
B. False
A. True
Which option below is used to prevent accidental deletion or modification of Azure resources?
A. Resource Locks
B. Resource Tags
C. RBAC Roles
D. Azure Policy
A. Resource Locks
Which option below provides fine grained access management for Azure resources?
A. Azure Active Directory
B. Self Service Password Reset
C. Role Based Access COntrol
D. Azure Security Center
C. Role Based Access Control
Azure Monitor provides personalized guidance and support whenever issues with Azure services affect you
A. True
B. False
B. False
Trust Center provides information and details that outline how Microsoft implements and supports security, privacy, compliance, and transparency in all Microsoft cloud products and services
A. True
B. False
A. True
The Service Trust Portal is where Microsoft publishes audit reports and other compliance related information
A. True
B. False
A. True
Explanation:
Which option below is used to logically organize Azure resources, using name value pairs?
A. Azure Tags
B. Azure Locks
C. Azure Policy
D. Azure Billing
A. Azure Tags
Which option below allows several types of Azure resources to securely communicate with each other?
A. Azure Virtual Network
B. Resource Group
C. Azure Load balancer
D. Network Security Group
A. Azure Virtual Network
Explanation:”
Compliance Manager is a workflow based risk assessment dashboard within the Trust Portal thats used to track, assign and verify regulatory compliance activities
A. True
B. False
A. True
Which option below offers a set of identically-configure virtual machines that supports true auto scale?
A. Azure Compute
B. VM Scale Set
C. Azure Container Instances
D. Kubernetes Clusters
B. VM Scale Set
Which option below supports inbound and outbound scenarios and allows you to scale applications and create high availability solutions?
A. Azure Sentinel
B. Network Security Group
C. VM Scale Set
D. Azure Load Balancer
D. Azure Load Balancer
In Azure, a platform as a service (PaaS) solution that hosts web apps gives you complete control over the operating systems that host applications. Is the statement correct?
A) No
B) Yes
A. No
Explanation:
A PaaS solution does not provide access to the operating system. The Azure Web Apps service provides an environment for you to host your web applications. Behind the scenes, the web apps are hosted on virtual machines running IIS. However, you have no direct access to the virtual machine, the operating system or IIS.
By changing the pricing tier, a Platform as a Service (PaaS) solution that runs web apps in Azure can be provided additional memory. Is the statement correct or incorrect?
A) No
B) Yes
B. Yes
What are two of the public cloud’s characteristics?
Please select 2 correct answers
A) metered pricing
B) Self-service management
C) dedicated hardware
D) limited storage
E) unsecured connections
A) metered pricing
B) Self-service management
Explanation:
With the public cloud, you get pay-as-you—go pricing - you pay only for what you use, no CapEx costs. With the public cloud, you have self-service management. You are responsible for the deployment and configuration of the cloud resources such as virtual machines or web sites. The underlying hardware that hosts the cloud resources is managed by the cloud provider.
Multiple account administrators can be found in each Azure subscription. Is the statement correct?
A) No
B) Yes
A. No
Explanation:
You can assign service administrators and co-administrators in the Azure Portal but there can only be one account administrator.
You are in charge of _________ when implementing a Software as a Service (SaaS) solution.
A) defining scalability rules.
B) installing the SaaS solution.
C) configuring the SaaS solution.
D) configuring high availability.
C) configuring the SaaS solution.
Explanation:
When you are implementing a Software as a Service (SaaS) solution, you are responsible for configuring the SaaS solution. Everything else is managed by the cloud provider.
SaaS requires the least amount of management. The cloud provider is responsible for managing everything, and the end user just uses the software.
Software as a service (SaaS) allows users to connect to and use cloud-based apps over the Internet.
Which of the following defines performance targets for an Azure product or service, such as uptime?
A) Support Plans
B) Usage Meters
C) Service Level Agreements
C. Service Level Agreements
Explanation:
Service Level Agreements. The SLA defines performance targets for an Azure product or service.
Only a Microsoft account can be used to administer each Azure subscription. Is the statement correct?
A) No
B) Yes
A. No
Explanation:
You need an Azure Active Directory account to manage a subscription, not a Microsoft account.
An account is created in the Azure Active Directory when you create the subscription. Further accounts can be created in the Azure Active Directory to manage the subscription.
You continue to pay storage expenses associated with an Azure virtual machine even if it is stopped. Is the statement correct?
A) No
B) Yes
B. Yes
Explanation:
When an Azure virtual machine is stopped, you donג€™t pay for the virtual machine. However, you do still pay for the storage costs associated to the virtual machine.
The most common storage costs are for the disks attached to the virtual machines. There are also other storage costs associated with a virtual machine such as storage for diagnostic data and virtual machine backups.
Your organization intends to use Azure to host many custom applications. The applications will give the company’s clients with invoicing services. Several required programs and services will be installed for each application.
For all of the applications, you must recommend a cloud deployment solution.
What would you suggest?
A) Infrastructure as a Service (laaS)
B) Platform as a Service (PaaS)
C) Software as a Service (SaaS)
A. IaaS
Explanation:
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is an instant computing infrastructure, provisioned and managed over the internet. The IaaS service provider manages the infrastructure, while you purchase, install, configure, and manage your own software
Which of the following provides an opportunity for all Azure customers to try out the beta and other pre-release features?
A) Private Preview
B) Public Preview
C) General availability
B. Public Preview
Explanation:
Public Preview means that an Azure feature is available to all Azure customers for evaluation purposes.
Availability zones are available in every Azure region. Is the statement correct?
A) No
B) Yes
A. No
Explanation:
Not all Azure regions support availability zones.
In order to deploy multiple identical virtual machines which resource should be used?
A. Virtual Machine Scale Sets
B. Virtual Machine Availability Sets
C. Virtual Machine Availability Zones
D. Virtual Machine Cluster nodes
A. Virtual Machine Scale Sets
Explanation:
Virtual Machine Scale Sets is a resource type that enables customers to deploy and manage a set of identical virtual machines using the same image
Which services allow customers to deploy a web application/service?
A. App Service
B. Virtual Machine
C. Container Instances
D. Kubernetes Service
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Explanation:
Which services allow customers to deploy a containerized solution using a highly customizable and scalable orchestration platform?
A. App Service
B. Virtual Machine
C. Container Instances
D. Kubernetes Service
E. All of the above
D. Kubernetes Service
Explanation:
Kubernetes is an open source container orchestration platform for automating application deployment, scaling and management
As such the Kubernetes Service is the right choice here
Other services allow for container deployment but they dont provide a rich orchestration layer
Which service allows customers to deploy small pieces of code without worrying about the underlying infrastrcture and platform?
A. App Service
B. Virtual Machine Scale Sets
C. Functions
D. Kubernetes Service
E. Container Instances
F. Virtual Machine
G. All of the above
C. Functions
Explanation:
Azure Functions delivers a serverless hosting platform and SDK that allows customers to develop small pieces of code and host them as web services
A company wants to migrate their on premises applications to the cloud without the need to redesign the application
During the assessment it was discovered that the application cant be containerized
Which service should they choose?
A. App Service
B. Kubernetes Services
C. Virtual Machine Scale Sets
D. Virtual Machine
E. Functions
F. Container Instances
D. Virtual Machine
Explanation:
Because VMs are simply an emulation of physical hardware they can accomodate any customer needs, as such they are often used for lift and shift scenarios
Other services require a small or major application redesign or containerization
A company is building a new solution. This solution is based on social media and as such it will have a very unpredictable demand
They also want to minimize the cost of running the platform and dont need a high degree of control over the environment
Which services best fists their need?
A. App Service
B. Functions
C. Kubernetes Service
D. Virtual Machine Scale Sets
E. Container Instances
B. Functions
Explanation:
Functions is a serverless web service hosting platform. It scales nicely and with consumption based pricing it is ideal for hosting applications with an unpredictable workload demand
Which services can be used to host a containerized web application?
A. App Service
B. Virtual Machines
C. Functions
D. Kubernetes Service
E. Virtual Machine Scale Sets
F. Container Instances
A. App Service
D. Kubernetes Service
F. Container Instances
Explanation:
App Services allow for hosting web applications by either deploying packaged code or entire containers
The Container Instances and Kubernetes service are designed purely for container deployments
To extend their private data center capability the organization has decided to leverage Azure Virtual Machines
They need to build a unified networking infrastructure between their on premise environment and Azure
Which service allows them to connect their networking infrastructure to Azure?
A. Azure Virtual Network
B. VPN Gateway
C. Azure Load Balancer
D. Azure Application Gateway
E. Azure Subnet
F. VNET Peering
B. VPN Gateway
Explanation:
VPN Gateway also called a virtual network gateway is the service that is used to connect on premise networks to Azure virtual network via the public internet
Which services allow for even traffic distribution across multiple services?
A. Azure Virtual Machine
B. Virtual Network Gateway
C. Azure Load Balancer
D. Azure Application Gateway
E. Azure CDN
C. Azure Load Balancer
D. Azure Application Gateway
Explanation:
Load balancer services distribute traffic evenly across multiple backend services in the server pool
In Azure, non HTTP traffic is distributed using the Azure Load Balancer and HTTP (web) traffic with the the Azure Application Gateway
Azure CDN (Content Delivery Network) is a service used for:
A. Even distribution of incoming traffic
B. Storage of flat files in Azure at a low cost
C. Caching and global distribution of web application content to minimize latency of delivery to customers
D. Web Application content management
C. Caching and global distribution of web application content to minimize latency of delivery to customers
Explanation:
Azure CDN caches and distributes web application content across multiple POP (points of presence) locations
This allows users to receive their content from a nearby location, such as minimize latency
Azure Virtual Network allows customers to replicate their on premise network infrastructure in the cloud.
True or False?
A. True
B. False
A. True
Explanation:
This statement is true. Virtual networks allow customers to represent and extend their on premise networking infrastructure in the cloud
Subnets can be nested to provide even more granular segmentation of a virtual network.
True or False?
A. True
B. False
B. False
Explanation:
Subnets cant be nested
BLOB is a synonym foe a file. True or False?
A. True
B. False
A. False
Explanation:
BLOB stands for Binary Large OBject. Typically binary files are considered a computer readable and not human readable files
But they are files nonetheless
A company wants to build new application and store their application assets in Azure. Application assets might consist photos, movies, text files, etc.
Which service suites their needs best?
A. Azure Table Storage
B. Azure Blob Storage
C. Azure File Storage
D. Azure Queue Storage
E. Azure Disk Storage
B. Azure Blob Storage
Explanation:
Blob storage is a general purpose file storage in Azure
Which services are part of Azure Storage Account service?
A. Azure Table Storage
B. Azure Blob Storage
C. Azure File Storage
D. Azure Queue Storage
E. Azure Disk Storage
A. Azure Table Storage
B. Azure Blob Storage
C. Azure File Storage
D. Azure Queue Storage
E. Azure Disk Storage
Explanation:
While using Azure Storage Account, in Azure portal you will see four services:
Those services are blob, file, queue and table storage
Disk storage is also a sub service of the Azure Storage Account
This means that both unmanaged and managed disks are part of it
Even if Managed Disks are shown as a separate resource, underneath its still the same service
Customers who need to add persistent storage for their Azure VMs can use which two services?
A. Azure Table Storage
B. Azure Blob Storage
C. Azure File Storage
D. Azure Queue Storage
E. Azure Disk Storage
C. Azure File Storage
E. Azure Disk Storage
Explanation:
Azure file storage and disk storage provider customers with ability to mount drives on their PM
Disk storage is emulation of typical disk and file storage is a shared drive
But both can be used to provide persistent storage capabilities for a virtual machines
Form of data thats fits nicely into tabular structure with very strict schema. Every row of that table must follow defined schema. Multiple tables often are tied together using relationships. It is a very formalized form of data. This category of data is called?
A. Unstructured Data
B. Semi structured data
C. Structured data
C. Structured data
Explanation:
Structured data is the correct answer. Structured data sets are often defined using schema and relationships
Service used to store small pieces of information (messages) used to build scalable solutions with asynchrnous messaging pattern is?
A. Azure Table Storage
B. Azure Blob Storage
C. Azure File Storage
D. Azure Queue Storage
E. Azure Disk Storage
D. Azure Queue Storage
Explanation:
Azure COsmos DB is a logbally distributed relational database. True or False?
A. True
B. False
B. False
Explanation:
This sentence is false. Azure Cosmos DB is a globally distributed database but it is NoSQL database, not a relational one
Which services in Azure allow for storing of structured data?
A. Azure Cosmos DB
B. Azure SQL Database
C. Azure SQL Managed Instance
D. Azure Database for MySQL
E. Azure Database for PostgreSQL
F. Azure SQL Datawarehouse
G. All of the above
H. All of the above except for Cosmos DB
H. All of the above except for Cosmos DB
Explanation:
All services on this list except for Cosmos DB are part of Azure SQL family of products. Azure SQL is a PaaS offering where all of the services are built with scalable structured data storage capabilities
A company wants to migrate existing SQL Server workloads to Azure.
During the assessment they found out that they need a fully fledged SQL server with all of the capabilities. The company also wants to minimize management requirements. Which service should they choose?
A. Azure Cosmos DB
B. Azure SQL Database
C. Azure SQL Managed Instance
D. Azure SQL for VM
E. Azure Database for MySQL
F. Azure Database for PostgreSQL
G. Azure SQL Datawarehouse
C. Azure SQL Managed Instance
Explanation:
Azure SQL Managed Instance and SQL for VM both provide fully fledged SQL server, but SQL Managed Instance is a PaaS where as SQL for VM is IaaS, so to minimize management the company should use SQL Managed Instance
Azure SQL Database is a PaaS offering in Azure based on latest stable release of the SQL Server. True or False?
A. True
B. False
A. True
Which of the following services allow customers to store semi structured datasets in Azure?
A. Azure Cosmos DB
B. Azure SQL Database
C. Azure SQL for VM
D. Azure Table Storage
E. Azure Blob Storage
F. Azure FIle Storage
G. Azure CDN
H. Azure SQL Warehouse
A. Azure Cosmos DB
D. Azure Table Storage
Explanation:
Both Azure Marketplace and Microsoft App Source both have products which are avaiable for Azure. True or False?
A. True
B. False
A. True
Explanation:
Microsoft App Source contains solutions templates for all Microsoft platforms including Azure. Azure Marketplace has Azure only solution templates
Which marketplace should IT professionals and developers use to provision their Azure solutions?
A. Azure App Source
B. Azure Marketplace
C. Portal Office
B. Azure Marketplace
Explanation:
IT professionals and developers should use Azure Marketplace as it was built for them as a main audience in mind
IoT Hub is ….
A. Centralized Hub for management of your IoT devices
B. Service that is used by developers to provide one directional communication capabilities between the devices and the cloud
C. Service that is used by developers to provide bi-directional communication capabilities between the devices and the cloud
D. SaaS solution for building IoT applications using industry specific templates
E. Set of tools, components and specifications for building secure IoT solutions
C. Service that is used by developers to provide bi-directional communication capabilities between the devices and the cloud
Explanation:
IoT Hub is a service for bi-directional communication between IoT devices and the cloud
IoT Central is …
A. Service that is used by developers to provide one directional communication capabilities between the devices and the cloud
B. Service that is used by developers to provide bi-directional communication capabilities between the devices and the cloud
C. SaaS solution for building IoT applications using industry specific templates
D. Set of tools, components and specifications for building secure IoT solutions
C. SaaS solution for building IoT applications using industry specific templates
Explanation:
IoT Central is a SaaS solution for building IoT applications using industry specific templates
Which services are designed specifically for building IoT solutions in Azure?
A. IoT Hub
B. App Services
C. IoT Central
D. Azure Sphere
E. Event Hub
F. All of the above
A. IoT Hub
C. IoT Central
D. Azure Sphere
Explanation:
While IoT Hub, IoT Central and Azure Sphere services have different use cases they all can be leveraged build IoT solutions as they were specifically designed for this purpose
A company wants to build highly secure IoT applications with help of Azure. What service should they look at first?
A. IoT Hub
B. IoT Central
C. Azure Sphere
C. Azure Sphere
Explanation:
Azure Sphere delivers components for building secure end-2-end and IoT solutions with microcontroller standardization, secure OS based on Linux and a security secure for secure device to cloud communications and updates`
Azure Synapse Analytics is:
A. Flexible big data and analytics plarform support multiple open source analytics technologies
B. Big Data analytics platform with a unified workspace experience supporting end-2-end data transformation with the power of SQL and Spark
C. Big data analytics platform based on Apache Spark for data transformations and collaboration
B. Big Data analytics platform with a unified workspace experience supporting end-2-end data transformation with the power of SQL and Spark
Explanation:
Azure Synapse Analytics is an evolution from an SQL Datawarehouse service which is massively parallel processing version of SQL Server. In a recent iteration, Azure Synapse also provided the ability to run queries and scripts using Apache Spark and by including Data Factory as an embedded component called Synapse Pipelines, now it is considered to be an end 2 end solution for big data workloads
Azure Databricks is a PaaS offering that helps customers build data transformation solutions based on Apache Storm
Tue or False?
A. True
B. False
B. False
Explanation:
Azure Databricks is based on Apache Spark, not Apache Storm
Big data is typically described by which characteristics?
A. Data Residency
B. Velocity of data processing/transfers
C. Data Availability
D. Data Volume
E. Variety of data (complexity)
B. Velocity of data processing/transfers
D. Data Volume
E. Variety of data (complexity)
Explanation:
Big data is typically described using the so called three Vs. Those are Velocity, Volume and Variety
Azure HDInsight is a ….
A. Flexible big data and analytics platform supporting multiple open source analytics technologies
B. Big data analytics platform with a unified workspace experience supporting end 2 end data transformation with the power of SQL and Spark
C. Big data analytics platform based on Apache Spark for data transformations and collaboration
E. Proprietary big data Microsoft based on Apache Spark
A. Flexible big data and analytics platform supporting multiple open source analytics technologies
Explanation:
Azure HDInsight is a multi purpose big data & analytics platform with multiple open source technologies available to fir almost any typical data processing workflow
A company wants to migrate their on premises big data clusters to Azure. Currently they use Hadoop, Spark and HBase technologies. Which service in Azure should they look at in order to minimize their migration efforts?
A. Azure Synapse Analytics
B. Azure SQL Database
C. Azure Blob Storage
D. Azure HDInsight
E. Azure Databricks
D. Azure HDInsight
Explanation:
HDInsights supports Hadoop, Spark and Hbase as one of the available cluster types. This means this service most likely will be able to cover the majority of their requirements or potentially allow for a lift and shift approach without any rework
Using computer software to automatically draw conclusions based on data is called?
A. Forecasting
B. Artificial Forecasting
C. Artificial Intelligence
D. Machine Learning
E. Data Modeling
F. Computer Vision
D. Machine Learning
Explanation:
Machine learning is a subcategory of AI where data scientists teach computer software to draw conclusions from customers data
The computer science branch focusing on the simulation of human intelligence by computer software is called…
A. Artificial Modeling
B. Machine Learning
C. Programming
D. AI
E. Computer Analytics
D. AI
Explanation:
AI specializes on the simulation of human intelligence by computer software
Which sentence best describes Azure Machine learning?
A. Its a cloud based service for end 2 end machine learning model
B. Simple service for quick model training in the cloud
C. Web based portal for managing Azure Machine Learning Workspace
A. Its a cloud based service for end 2 end machine learning model
Explanation:
Azure Machine Learning is a powerful PaaS offering that allows customers to build their entire machine learning solutions in a single place
Machine Learning Workspace is a….
A. Web based portal for managing Azure Machine Learning service
B. User interface which allows users to build Python notebooks
C. User Interface which allows users to build machine learning models visually
D. Top level Azure resource for management of Azure Machine Learning service
D. Top level Azure resource for management of Azure Machine Learning service
Explanation:
Machine Learning Workspace is a name for a top level resource in Azure. It consolidates all the features of Azure Machine learning from a management perspective
