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CompTIA > IT Essential Ch. 1-4, 7 > Flashcards

IT Essential Ch. 1-4, 7 Flashcards

1
Q

The size, shape and physical layout of computer components such as case, motherboard, and power supplies

A

Form Factor

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2
Q

The measure of the work that is required to move a charge from one location to another

A

Volts

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3
Q

The measure of resistance to the flow of current in a circuit

A

OHMS (Ω)

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4
Q

The measure of the number of electrons moving through a circuit per second

A

Apms

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5
Q

The measure of the work per second of electrical current

A

Watts

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6
Q

The brain of the computer

A

CPU

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7
Q

The main temporary working storage location for data and programs

A

RAM

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8
Q

Memory location that stores basic operational instructions used by the CPU for booting the computer

A

ROM

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9
Q

A redundant array of disk drives that provides redundancy and fault tolerance

A

RAID

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10
Q

Storage devices that are replacing magnetic disk drives for permanent data storage

A

Solid State Drives (SSD)

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11
Q

Magnetic disk drives that are used for permanent data storage

A

Hard disk drive (HDD)

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12
Q

Computers that rely on a central server for all, or most, data storage and processing resources

A

Thin Client

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13
Q

The main circuit board inside the computer to which all computer components connect

A

Motherboard

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14
Q

Integrated circuits on the motherboard that control system hardware interaction with the CPU and motherboard

A

Chipset

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15
Q

Stands for electrostatic discharge, a sudden discharge of built-up static electricity between two different surfaces with different charge levels

A

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

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16
Q

Stands for electromagnetic interference, a disturbance affecting transmission media that use electrical signals. The disturbance is caused by electromagnetic field variations

A

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

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17
Q

A situation where voltage drops below 80 percent of the normal voltage over a period of time

A

Brownout

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18
Q

A significant increase in voltage above the normal voltage of a power line over a short period of time

A

Power Surge

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19
Q

Stands for uninterruptible power supply, a supplemental power resource that helps maintain the power requirements by providing a secondary, consistent level of electrical power to a device

A

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

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20
Q

Stands for material safety and data sheet, a fact sheet to provide information about material identification, fire hazards, and first-aid requirements. It also provides protective measures for the safe handling and storage of materials and spill, leak, and disposal procedures.

A

MSDS

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21
Q

A two-part tool that is typically used to identify an individual wire in a circuit. The toner part is connected to a cable at one end and generates a tone that travels inside the cable. The probe part traces the cable. When the probe is in close to the cable to which the toner is attached, the tone can be heard in the probe.

A

Tone Generator and Probe

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22
Q

A detailed list of problems and repairs that is maintained by a technician or by a support desk system. The list should include the date, problems identified, actions to correct the problems, replacement parts, and customer information. The records would allow a technician to determine what work has been performed in the past on a specific computer.

A

History of Repairs

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23
Q

A conductor that connects the wrist of a technician to the device that the technician is working on. When static electricity (ESD) builds up in the body, the connection made by the wrist strap to the device balances the electrical charge by channeling the electricity through the wire that connects the strap.

A

Anti-static Wrist Strap

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24
Q

A mat that is slightly conductive so as to help eliminate static electricity (ESD). It does this by drawing static electricity away from a component and transferring it safely from equipment to a grounding point.

A

Anti-static Mat

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25
Q

A device that can be used to check whether the power supply of a device is working properly

A

Power Supply Tester

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26
Q

A device that can be used to check the condition of a data cable, including wiring shorts, faults, or wires that are connected to the wrong pins

A

Cable Tester

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27
Q

A measuring instrument that can be used to measure AC/DC voltage, electric current, and other electrical characteristics in an electrical circuit

A

Multimeter

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28
Q

A utility in later Windows operating systems to manage storage devices installed or connected to a computer. The tasks that the utility can perform include initializing disks, creating partitions, and formatting partitions.

A

Disk Management

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29
Q

A utility in later Windows operating systems. The utility scans the critical files of the OS and replaces files that are corrupt

A

System File Checker

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30
Q

Firmware that is used during the PC boot process

A

BIOS

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31
Q

A software layer that replaces the BIOS and sits between the OS and the system firmware

A

UEFI

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32
Q

Allows multiple operating systems to run on a computer at the same time

A

Virtualization

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33
Q

Stores security keys and passwords

A

Trusted Platform Module (TPM)

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34
Q

A part that attaches to the top of a processor and that draws heat away

A

Heat Sink

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35
Q

The startup test of hardware

A

Power-On Self-Test (POST)

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36
Q

A BIOS setting for bootable partitions and devices

A

Boot Order

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37
Q

A BIOS setting to help locate lost devices

A

Lojack

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38
Q

Prevents an untrusted or unauthorized OS from loading during startup

A

Secure Boot

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39
Q

A type of memory where the BIOS settings are saved

A

CMOST

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40
Q

An adapter that enables a PC to connect to a local area network

A

Network Interface Controller (NIC)

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41
Q

An older expansion slot that is used to attach hardware to a motherboard

A

PCI

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42
Q

External I/O ports that connect digital devices to a computer

A

FireWire / Thunderbolt

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43
Q

15-pin power connector that attaches internal hard drives and optical drives to the motherboard

A

SATA

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44
Q

A function configurable within some BIOS setup programs and that allows for modification of the CPU running speed

A

Clock Speed

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45
Q

Question that allows a customer to explain a problem

A

Open-ended Question

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46
Q

A question that asks for a specific response

A

Closed-end Question

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47
Q

A tool that is used to see the date and time a problem occurred

A

Event Viewer

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48
Q

A tool that is used to determine if a hardware device is operational

A

Device Manager

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49
Q

A toolthat is used to easily monitor CPU, memory, and network performance

A

Task Manager

50
Q

POST-generated information that is used in troubleshooting

A

Beep Code

51
Q

Expected professionalism

A

Conversation etiquette

52
Q

A copy of information such as that stored on the hard drive

A

Backup

53
Q

Regular maintenance routines that extend the life of the PC

A

Preventive maintenance

54
Q

The last step as part of a PC repair

A

Documentation

55
Q

The systematic process used to locate the cause of a fault in a computer system and correct the relevant hardware and software issues

A

Troubleshooting

56
Q

Software that is available to help locate and solve problems

A

Diagnostic tools

57
Q

A waiver of responsibility if data is lost or corrupted during the repair process

A

Liability release

58
Q

A low airflow device that is used to remove collected dust and materials from inside the case

A

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Vacuum Cleaner

59
Q

The first step in the troubleshooting process

A

Identify the Problem

60
Q

A partition that contains a boot loader to load an operating system from a disk

A

Active Partition

61
Q

The ability to transfer user data and system settings from an old operating system to a new one

A

Data Migration

62
Q

An operating system that is designed for a limited number of users for SOHO environments

A

Desktop Operating System

63
Q

The process of assigning a letter to a physical or logical drive on a device

A

Drive Mapping

64
Q

An extended partition can contain an unlimited amount of logical drives. There can only be one extended partition per disk

A

Extended Partition

65
Q

A system that provides a method of organizing an operating system and user data files within a device. Different file systems have different characteristics to be aware of.

A

File System

66
Q

Formatting will configure a disk with a file system and erase any data on the disk

A

Formatting

67
Q

An independent section of an extended partition used to separate and organize data

A

Logical Drive

68
Q

The capability for choosing between two or more operating systems to boot from when a computer is turned on. A separate partition is required for each operating system.

A

Multiboot

69
Q

The ability of an operating system to support two ore more CPUs at the same time

A

Multiprocessing

70
Q

The ability to run two or more programs at the same time

A

Multitasking

71
Q

The ability of an operating system to run different parts of a program at the same time

A

Multithreading

72
Q

The ability for two or more simultaneous users to work on the same device

A

Multiuser

73
Q

An operating system designed to support multiple users with multiuser applications and network resources

A

Network Operating System

74
Q

The very first partition where an operating system can be installed. There can be up to four primary partitions

A

Primary Partition

75
Q

The area of a Windows computer that contains a large amount of configuration information and settings about installed programs and system hardware

A

Windows Registry

76
Q

Types of coaxial cable used for networks

A

Thicknet / Thinnet

77
Q

Types of coaxial cable used for television

A

RG59 / RG6

78
Q

Wiring standards for twisted-pair cabling

A

T568A / T568B

79
Q

Connector for twisted-pair cables

A

RJ45

80
Q

Types of interference that affect the quality of data transmission

A

EMI / RFI

81
Q

Types of twisted-pair cables that are commonly used for cabling local networks

A

UTP / STP

82
Q

Category ratings for twisted-pair cables that specify number of wires and twists and affects distance limitations

A

CAT5e / CAT6 / CAT7

83
Q

Cables with shielding made from a special plastic that retards fire

A

Plenum

84
Q

Cables with shielding made from a special plastic that retards fire   plenum   classifications of fiber cables that signify light source, distance limitations, and speed

A

Single-mode / Multi-mode

85
Q

Fiber connector that accepts both the sending and receiving fibers

A

Duplex multimode LC connector

86
Q

Characteristic of media that allows data to flow in both directions at the same time or one direction at a time

A

Duplex

87
Q

Network covering a small geographic area typically owned by an individual

A

LAN

88
Q

Network covering a small geographic area typically owned by an individual   LAN   network that is owned by an ISP or corporations and covering a wide geographic area

A

WAN

89
Q

A network connecting peripherals such as mice, printers, and smartphones to a single host, typically using Bluetooth technology

A

PAN

90
Q

A network that spans a large campus or city and that interconnects buildings through wireless or fiber optic backbones

A

MAN

91
Q

Architecture designed to handle collisions by controlling how devices communicate on an Ethernet network

A

CSMA/CD

92
Q

Types of encryption used on wireless networks

A

WEP / WPA2

93
Q

Predefined numbers that identify commonly used protocols such as FTP, SSH, HTTP, and DNS

A

TCP/UDP port numbers

94
Q

Intermediary devices used in a LAN to connect hosts and forward data to other devices

A

Hub / bridge / switch

95
Q

Layered reference models that prepare data for transmission

A

OSI / TCP/IP

96
Q

A device that connects wireless hosts to the network via the use of radio waves

A

Wireless access point

97
Q

A device that connects networks and forwards traffic from hosts to remote networks through the use of IP addresses

A

Router

98
Q

Software or hardware that permits or denies traffic in order to protect data and equipment from unauthorized access

A

Firewall

99
Q

Devices that regenerate a weak signal to extend the distance that data can travel

A

Repeaters

100
Q

DC current is transferred over Ethernet cable, along with data, to power PoE devices

A

PoE

101
Q

48-bit address hardcoded onto the NIC and usually represented in hexadecimal format

A

MAC

102
Q

32-bit address assigned to a host and usually represented in dotted decimal format

A

IPv4

103
Q

128-bit address assigned to hosts and represented in hexadecimal format

A

IPv6

104
Q

32-bit value used with an IPv4 address to indicate network and host components

A

Subnet Mask

105
Q

Protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses to hosts

A

DHCP

106
Q

A base station that provides laptops with attachments to power and ports such as networking, USB, gaming, and optical drives

A

Docking Station

107
Q

Liquid crystal technology used in laptop displays

A

LCD

108
Q

Low power technology that uses light-emitting diodes to provide the light for displays and indicators

A

LED

109
Q

LED technology that works without a backlight and is often used in mobile device displays

A

OLED

110
Q

Allows devices to use a smartphone’s cellular connection to access the Internet

A

Hotspot / Tethering

111
Q

Allows creation of power management schemes for laptops

A

ACPI

112
Q

Connects wireless devices such as smartphones, mice, and keyboards to a PAN (personal area network)

A

Bluetooth

113
Q

Small, portable storage device that requires no power to maintain the data

A

Flash Card

114
Q

Smaller profile memory chip that is used in laptops

A

SODIMM

115
Q

Flash memory that is used as fixed primary storage on many mobile devices

A

eMMC

116
Q

An easy to install expansion card for laptops that is often hot-swappable

A

ExpressCard

117
Q

The ability to install or remove an expansion card while the computer is powered on

A

Hot-Swappable

118
Q

A plastic card with a microprocessor that securely stores data and can be read via a physical reader or via radio frequencies

A

Smart Card

119
Q

Laptop or mobile device component that cannot be replaced by the user, such as motherboards and displays

A

FRU

120
Q

A small card used in mobile devices to authenticate the device to service providers and to store some user data

A

SIM card

121
Q

A wireless technology that enables mobile devices to establish radio connections with other devices by placing them close to one another

A

NFC

122
Q

Laptop parts that can be replaced by the customer, such as batteries and RAM

A

CRU

CompTIA (2 decks)

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