IT CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
When _________________ are combined, the result is Information Technology.
computer and communication technologies
is any device that processing data and give information
Computer
tangible part, the parts of a computer that you can see and touch
Hardware
sets of instruction that tells the computer what to do.
Software
Consist of electromagnetic devices and systems for communicating over long distances.
Communcation Technology
taking information that is external to the system and entering it into the system
Input
an action performed on the data. Processing can include sorting, searching or performing calculations on the data.
Processing
where data is held and still in the system. It may be the data that has been input, required during processing or results of processing.
Storage
taking information that was in the system and outputting it. May result in a printed, on screen or electronic.
Output
Computer Operations
Input, Processing, Storage, Output
Principal Examples of Communication
Radio, Telephone, Broadcast TV
is the earliest age of information technology. It can be defined as the time between 3000B.C. and 1450A.D. We are talking about a long time ago.
-This is where the first books and libraries are developed.
Pre-mechanical Age
use of language or simple picture drawings known as __________ were usually carved in rock.
Petroglyphs
Early alphabets were developed such as ________________
Phoenician Alphabet
The most popular kind of paper made was probably by the ______________________.
Chinese who made paper from rags.
Around ________ was when the first 1-9 system was created by people from India.
100A.D.
until _____________ that the number 0 was invented.
875 A.D. (775 years later)
A __________ was the very first sign of an information processor.
calculator
The ________________ is when we first start to see connections between our current technology and its ancestors. The mechanical age can be defined as the time between 1450 and 1840.
Mechanical Age
an analog computer used for multiplying and dividing) were invented
Slide Rule
____________ invented the Pascaline which was a very popular mechanical computer.
Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal invented the ________ which was a very popular mechanical computer.
Pascaline
He developed the difference engine which tabulated polynomial equations using the method of finite differences.
Charles Babbage
The _____________ can be defined as the time between 1840 and 1940. These are the beginnings of telecommunication.
electromechanical age
The _______ was created in the early 1800s.
Telegraph
The telegraph was created in the early _______.
1800’s
Morse code was created by ___________
Samuel Morse in 1835.
___________ was created by Samuel Morse in 1835.
Morse code
one of the most popular forms of communication ever. was created by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
Telephone
Telephone one of the most popular forms of communication ever. was created by __________________
Alexander Graham Bell in 1876
first radio developed by ______________.
Guglielmo Marconi in 1894.
All of these were extremely crucial emerging technologies that led to big advances in the information technology field.
Telegraph, Morse Code, Telephone
The first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United States was the Mark 1 created by Harvard University around 1940. This computer was 8ft high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and weighed 5 tons
Harvard Mark 1
The first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United States was the Mark 1 created by _____________.This computer was 8ft high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and weighed 5 tons
Harvard University around 1940.
Mark 1 cretaed by Harvard University was _______, _______, _____, _____.
8ft high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and weighed 5 tons
is what we currently live in. It can be defined as the time between 1940 and right now.
Electronic Age
was the first high-speed, digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems. This computer was designed to be used by the U.S. Army for artillery firing tables.
-This machine was even bigger than the Mark 1 taking up 680 square feet and weighing 30 tons
-It mainly used _________ tubes to do its calculations.
ENIAC, vacuum
ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
4 MAIN SECTIONS OF DIGITAL COMPUTING
First Generation, Second Generation, Third Generation, Fourth and Latest Generation.
brought in CPUs (central processing units) which contained memory, logic, and control circuits all on a single chip. The personal computer was developed (Apple II). The graphical user interface (GUI) was developed.
Fourth and Latest Generation.
The era of vacuum tubes and punch cards like the ENIAC and Mark 1. Rotating magnetic drums were used for internal storage.
First Generation
replaced transistors with integrated circuits, magnetic tape was used throughout all computers, and magnetic core turned into metal oxide semiconductors. An actual operating system showed up around this time along with the advanced programming language BASIC.
Third Generation
replaced vacuum tubes with transistors, punch cards were replaced with magnetic tape, and rotating magnetic drums were replaced by magnetic cores for internal storage. Also during this time high-level programming languages were created such as FORTRAN and COBOL.
Second Generation
during this time high-level programming languages were created such as __________ and _________
Fortran and Cobol
An actual operating system showed up around this time along with the advanced programming language _________.
BASIC
which contained memory, logic, and control circuits all on a single chip.
CPU
The personal computer was developed
Apple II
The graphical user interface _______ was developed.
Fourth and Latest Generation, GUI
When computer and communication technologies are combined, the result is _____________.
Information Technology
