IT Arch 3

Question 1

An IT system has many components. Which of the following is not a component? (1)

Storage

Databases

Users

Servers

Answer 1

Users

Question 2

In the data architecture, there are three key operations. Which ones are they?

Data Storage

Data Formation

Data Processing

Data Retrieval

Answer 2

Data Storage: This involves how data is stored, organized, and managed within a data system, such as databases.

Data Processing: This operation involves manipulating, transforming, and analyzing data to extract meaningful insights & generate reports.

Data Retrieval: This operation is about accessing and retrieving specific data from storage for various purposes, such as displaying information.

Question 3

Choose the right answer from the following to fill the gaps. Databases are essential for the life of any organization, because ___ data are essential resources of all organizations.

modelled

formatted

processed

structured

Answer 3

Structured

Structured data is essential for organizations because it’s easy to access, analyze, integrate, and automate

Question 4

Minimal cardinality of an attribute indicates the minimal number of attribute ___ associated with each entity or relationship ___. (1)

features, instance

values, property

features, property

values, instance

Answer 4

Values, instance

Minimal cardinality of an attribute refers to the minimum number of values (instances) associated with each entity or relationship instance, indicating how many values are required or allowed for that attribute.

Question 5

Organizations use workflows to coordinate tasks between ___ and synchronize data between ___. (1)

people, groups

groups, systems

people, systems

tasks, people

Answer 5

people, systems

Question 6

In a state machine, the states are the different combinations of information that a(n) ___ can hold and not how they behave. Choose the right one from the following. (1)

attribute

object

process

transition

Answer 6

object

Question 7

Give one advantage of the feature that the conceptual design is independent from a particular DBMS and explain.

Answer 7

The conceptual schema can survive a late decision to change the target DBMS.

If the DBMS or application requirements change, the conceptual schema can still be used as a starting point of new design activity.

Different databases, described through their conceptual schemas, can be compared in a homogeneous framework.

Question 8

Choose the right one from the following to fill the gaps. A stakeholder is an individual, team, or organization with ___ in, or ___ relative to a system.

Interest, concerns

Organization, interests

Process, concerns

Processes, interests

Answer 8

Interest, concerns

Question 9

In the Business Model Canvas (BMC), Value Proposition is one of the seven parts, which describes what ___ and ___ an organization has to offer to its different customers. (1)

activities, services

products, services

products, markets

objectives, measures

Answer 9

Products, services

The Value Proposition in the Business Model Canvas describes the unique products and services an organization offers to meet customer needs, helping differentiate it in the market.

Question 10

Stakeholders require specific ___ of an architecture that focus on their ___ and leave out unnecessary information. (1)

goals, concerns

views, actions

goals, actions

views, concerns

Answer 10

Views, concerns

These views help stakeholders understand and assess the aspects relevant to their interests and goals.

Question 11

An ontology consists of five components. Which are they?
Mention at least three.

Answer 11

An ontology typically consists of the following components:
Concepts
Axioms (and rules)
Attributes (and associations)
Instances
Relationships

Question 11

Simplicity is one of the qualities to measure the conceptual models. Give a brief explanation of simplicity. (2)

Answer 11

Simplicity. A conceptual model must be simple so that a schema built using that model is easy to understand for the designers and users of the database application.

Question 12

As tools, what are conceptual models used for? (2)

Answer 12

Conceptual models simplify complex ideas by presenting them in a more abstract way. Conceptual models serve as tools for understanding, communicating, planning, problem-solving, documenting and supporting decision-making

Question 13

Explain what functional analysis concentrates on. (2)

Answer 13

Functional analysis concentrates on understanding how information is used by each function and how it is exchanged among the functions.

Question 14

In a Dataflow Diagram (DFD), explain what a process can do.

Answer 14

It represents an activity within the information system. A process can generate, use, manipulate, and destroy information.

Question 15

There are three ways to decompose a goal into sub-goals in an objective (goal) model. Give an example to illustrate how a goal is decomposed into subgoals by its components.

Answer 15

Goal: “Bake a Cake”
Sub-Goal 1: Gather Ingredients
Sub-Goal 2: Mix Ingredients
Sub-Goal 3: Bake in Oven

Question 16

An enterprise architecture is both a process and a product. Describe what is the use of an architecture as a product

Answer 16

Architecture as a product helps managers design business processes and assists system developers in building applications that align with business objectives and policies.

Question 17

Give an example of an external driver and briefly explain it.

Answer 17

Market trends affect the consumer preferences, purchasing behaviors, and industry directions, influencing how businesses operate and adapt to meet evolving market demands.

Question 18

The Balanced scorecard (BSC) proposes a three-layer structure for its four perspectives.

Describe what the customer perspective is and how to measure it. (2)

Answer 18

The Customer perspective asks how the enterprise should appear to its customers, with measures like customer satisfaction.