IT Flashcards
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What does an Information System do?
Quiz 1
Collects, processes, stores, analyzes and disseminates information for specific purpose
To provide accurate, timely and useful information
What does IS conceptualize?
Quiz 1
The bigger picture
What are the five parts of IS?
(5)
Quiz 1
- People
- Procedures
- Software
- Hardware
- Data
What is the formula for IS?
IS = ? +?
Quiz 1
IS = IT + Procedures & people that produce and utilize information
IS = Technology + People
What is information technology?
Quiz 1
Any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information processing needs of an organization
What are the 3 parts of IT?
IT = ? + ? + ?
Quiz 1
- ) Hardware
- ) Software
- ) Data
IT = Hardware + Software + Data
What are the three steps to develop information?
(3)
Quiz 1
- Input the data
- Put all the data together
- Deliver report about data
What are the three processes of IS?
(3)
Quiz 1
- ) Input
- ) Process
- ) Output
How is information data organized?
Quiz 1
It is organized so that it has meaning and value to the recipient
What is knowledge data?
Quiz 1
Information that has been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning and expertise
What is feedback?
Quiz 1
Output returned to appropriate members of organization to help evaluate or correct input stage
What are the levels of understanding?
(5)
Quiz 1
- Researching
- Absorbing
- Doing
- Interacting
- Reflecting
What are the levels of connectedness?
(4)
Quiz 1
- Gathering of parts
- Connection of parts
- Formation of a whole
- Joining of Wholes
Relationships between understanding and connectedness?
(4)
Quiz 1
- Data
- Information
- Knowledge
- Wisdom
Using IS effectively requires the understanding of the:
(3)
Quiz 1
- Organization
- Management
- IT
How do IS and IT interact?
Quiz 1
IS is the bigger picture of IT
What does MIS stand for?
Quiz 1
Management Information System
What is an MIS?
(5)
Quiz 1
Information system which collects (1), processes (2), stores (3), analyzes (4), disseminates information for a specific purpose (5)
Study of people, technology and organizations
Define Digital Persona of Business?
(3)
Quiz 1
- How businesses, customers and suppliers interact in the digital era
- Often changes the landscape of how businesses processes are done
- Impacts marketing, branding, communication and relationship building
What is social media?
Quiz 1
a group of internet based applications that build on ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0
Web 1.0
(4)
Quiz 1
∙ 1 way communication
∙ Read only
∙ Networking
∙ Multimedia
Web 2.0
(4)
Quiz 1
∙ 2 way communication
∙ Writeable
∙ Broadband
∙ Semantic
Web 3.0
(4)
Quiz 1
∙ Machine to machine
∙ Executable
∙ Semantic technologies
∙ Semantic
Requirements for user generated content:
(3)
Quiz 1
∙ Needs to be published
∙ Needs to show a certain amount of creative effort
∙ Needs to have been created outside a professional routines and practices
Characteristics of Web 2.0
(8)
Quiz 1
・Continually updated services ・Consuming and remixing data ・Network effects through participation ・Ability to tap into the collective intelligence of users ・Data made in new or never-intended ways ・Relies on user-generated and user controlled data ・Lets anyone act as a website developer ・It's a work in progress
Specifications of Web 1.0
(7)
Quiz 1
・Static pages ・Author controlled content ・Computers ・Users view content ・Individual users ・Marketing goal influence ・Data from a single source
Specifications of Web 2.0
(7)
Quiz 1
・Dynamic pages ・User controlled content ・Computers, cell phones, TV, PDA, game systems, car dashboard ・Users created content ・User communities ・Marketing goal relationship ・Data from multiple sources (mashup)
Types of mashups
(3)
Quiz 1
・Business
・Customer
・Data
A Mashup Application allows for:
Quiz 1
Different forms of applications to work together (Application Programming Interfaces – API)
Application Programming Interfaces (API) was intended to be:
Quiz 1
Used as an interface by software components to communicate with each other
What does Rich Internet Applications (RIA) enable:
Quiz 1
Other technologies to communicate together
A wiki is:
(2)
Quiz 1
・Dynamic
・A collectively authored set of webpages
Purpose of Wiki:
(2)
Quiz 1
・Make communication easier
・Manage knowledge of different people
Wiki Characteristics:
(3)
Quiz 1
・Web-based
・Interactive
・Collaboration
Things to remember about wiki:
(3)
Quiz 1
・They’re collaboration tools, make sure you have well controlled and keep it updated
・They’re intended to maintain a series of unique documents as their content evolves
・They have built-in version control
What is a Really Simple Syndication?
Quiz 1
An RSS application is developed to serve a specific purpose for a specific company
Convergence of information and communication, what has social media led to?
(3)
Quiz 1
・More channels for communication
・Personal communication and media consumption
・Social media being used for many other purposes
Social Media is:
(3)
Quiz 1
・Create and share content
・Online communication channels
・Computer-mediated technologies
Social Media downfalls:
(3)
Quiz 1
・Create and share content or participate in social networking
・Online communication channels (community-based)
・Computer-mediated technologies (sharing of ideas and info)
Social Media has to have:
(3)
Quiz 1
・End-users (who are you targeting)
・Use cases (how are you going to target)
・Functionality (why are you going to target)
Implications of Social Media for business:
(3)
Quiz 1
・Engage with customers, prospects, partners and your networks
・Create opportunity by communicating
・Mange your reputation
How to adopt the social business aptitude:
(4)
Quiz 1
・Maximize the potential of social media by using across business functions
・Rather than using social media as an inside-out promotion medium, leverage
・Insights for product research, competitive analysis and prediction of customer needs
・Update corporate governance policies and guidelines
Components of a social media strategy:
(3)
Quiz 1
・Objectives
・Tactics
・Metrics
PDCA (Deming Cycle):
(4)
Quiz 1
Plan
・Creating a social media strategy
Do
・Implementing tactics and campaigns aligned with the social media strategy
Check
・Regular (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) review of metrics created as part of the strategy to determine if business return on investment in social media has been achieved or not
Act
・Fine tuning the social media strategy, tactic, plan for campaigns, and even potentially refining or changing metrics or how measurements are performed
Effective social media management depends on:
(2)
Quiz 1
・Data driven management
・Metrics
Different Metrics for how effective social media management is:
(4)
Quiz 1
・Activity Metrics: Review
・Return on investment: sales and marketing, product development, HR
・Tactical Metrics
・Strategic Metrics
Social Media Strategy Components:
(6)
Quiz 1
・Objectives ・Customers ・Sharing ・Who ・Brand Alignment ・Monitor
Key Factors to social Media (SOCIAL):
(6)
Quiz 1
・Strategy ・Organization ・Criteria-Based Platform Selection ・Integration ・Awareness ・Leadership
Traditional Functions of the MIS department:
(4)
Quiz 1
・System development
・Computer operations
・Staffing, training, and developing
・Infrastructure, planning, development and control
New consultative functions of the MIS department:
(4)
Quiz 1
・Install and design
・System integration
・Innovative ideas
・Alliances with other business partners
MIS departments:
(3)
Quiz 1
・Information System department
・Information Technology department
・Information services department
The four Vs of Social Media:
(4)
Quiz 1
・Volume - lots of data, it is needed to make a good decision
・Variety - need data about different things
・Velocity - how updated the data is
・Veracity - accuracy of data
Def of Social Commerce
(2)
Quiz 1
・The activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale
・Social dealings between people
・Social computing
・Electronic commerce
・Online marketplaces and communities
・Collaborate online
Social Media Strategy
(2)
Quiz 1
・Strategy needs to be formulated in terms of objectives, tactics and metrics
・Corporate governance issues such as policies and guideline need to be considered
About Excel
(3)
Quiz 2
・A spreadsheet program
・Allows you to put a collection of data into a spreadsheet which can turn into information
・A spreadsheet is a collection of data
Categories of spreadsheets:
(4)
Quiz 2
・Data management features ・Automatic calculation functions ・Presentation tools ・Decision analysis function ***All excel functions fit into one of these categories***
Excel is a... A worksheet is a... A workbook is a... A reference is... A range group of cells is...
Quiz 2
・Excel is an application ・A worksheet is a spreadsheet ・A workbook is a collection ・A reference is what you call a cell ・A range group of cells is usually at least 2
Formulas are used to…
Quiz 2
Perform operations and arrive at a calculated result
Definition of a formula:
Quiz 2
・An expression that returns a value through performed operations on literal values or referenced cell values
・Must begin with “ = “
A function is…
Quiz 2
A named operations that returns a value
Problem solving and modelling process
(3)
Quiz 2
・Formulation
・Solution
・Interpretation
When are sub totals used?
Quiz 2
When you have a big list because it makes it easier to find what you are looking for
Def of Maximax:
Quiz 2
Maximizes the best which will give you the most best
Def of Maximin:
Quiz 2
Maximize the worst which will give you the best of the worst
What do Data Delivery Functions do?
(3)
Quiz 2
・Filter unique values
・Data validation and drop-down menus
・Lookup functions
Def of Logical Functions:
Quiz 2
Are used to compare two values or statements
・Result of the functions is a logical value (true or false)
Ex. AND, OR, NOT
Def of Conditional Functions:
Quiz 2
Apply to anything that comes with a specific condition
・Result may be a specified value or a calculated value
Ex. IF, COUNTIF, SUMIF, AVERAGEIF
The types of Lookup functions:
(2)
Quiz 2
・VLOOKUP: finds a specific value in the first column of a lookup table and returns the corresponding value in a specific table column
・HLOOKUP: same as VLOOKUP by horizontal
Def of SUMPRODUCT:
Quiz 2
Calculates the sum of the products Ex. Price*Quantity 1*2 3*4 5*6 7*8 9*0 =100
Modelling approach to problem solving
(3)
Quiz 2
・Benefits
・Phases
・Layers
Real World Problem Solving
(4)
Quiz 2
・Problem statement
・Assumptions and model structures
・Result and conclusions
・Solution
Model World Problem Solving
(4)
Quiz 2
・Assumptions and model structures
・Results and conclusions
・Solutions
・Problem statement
Def of Choose function:
Quiz 2
Returns a value from a specified list of values on a specified position
Benefits of the modelling approach:
(3)
ETF
Quiz 2
・Economy: Less costly to analyze decision problems using models
・Timeliness: Models often deliver needed info more quickly than their real-world counterparts
・Feasibility: Models can be used to do things that would be impossible
Components of business intelligence:
(3)
RAD!
Quiz 2
RAD
・Reporting: Regular mass info disseminating in a standard format. Metrics and graphics typically represent a score card
・Analytics: Slicing and dicing with visual feedback and interactivity. Mainly for the middle management - for tactical decisions and to guide strategic decisions
・Dashboards: Quick distilled snapshots, highlighting the key indices from instant decision making. Typically include interactive features for end-users to customize the content or the lock and feel
Types of dashboards
(3)
Quiz 2
・Strategic
・Analytical
・Operational
What dashboard works best on Excel?
Quiz 2
Excel is a practical and easy-to-use front-end tool for Strategic Dashboards
Terminology for charts
(3)
Quiz 2
・Data Points: Numeric value that describes a single item on a cart
・Data Series: Groups of related data points
・Category Labels: Describe a group of data points in a chart
Five steps in creating a chart
(5)
Quiz 2
・Specify the data series
・Select the range to chart
・Select the chart type
・Insert the chart and designate the chart location
・Choose chart option/add graphics in charts
What does conditional formatting offer?
Quiz 2
An easy way to apply dynamic formatting to cells based on the values in those or other specified cells
What-if-analysis tools in excel:
(3)
Quiz 2
・Scenarios
・Goal Seek
・Data Tables
What-if-analysis is the study of…
Quiz 2
What-if-analysis the study of how the uncertainty in the output of a model can be attributed to different sources of uncertainty in the model inputs
Target cell typically contain…
Quiz 2
a formula that is directly or indirectly based on the adjustable cell and constraints
Adjustable cells are the cells…
Quiz 2
Whose values are adjusted until the constrained are satisfied
A database is…
Quiz 3
Data typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring this information
Information in a database is organized so that it can be easily:
(3)
Quiz 3
・Assessed
・Managed
・Updates
Why does data management matter?
(2)
Quiz 3
・No enterprise can be effective without high quality data that is accessible when needed
・Data that’s incomplete or out of context cannot be trusted
What is the goal of Data Management
Quiz 3
To provide the infrastructure and tools to transform raw data into usable information of high quality
Why is data management difficult and expensive: (4)
Quiz 3
・Volume of data is increasing exponentially
・Data is scattered throughout the organization
・Data is created and used offline without going through quality control checks
・Data may be redundant and out-of-date, creating a huge maintenance problem
Transactional Data is…
(2)
Quiz 3
・All the data contained within a single business process or unit of work
・Primary purpose is to support daily operational tasks
・Generated and captured by operational systems
Ex. Tickets, Receipts, packing slips
Analytical Data is…
(2)
Quiz 3
・All organizational info
・Primary purpose is to support the performance of higher-level analysis tasks
Ex.Product stats, sales projections, trends
Def of Database Management System (DBMS)
(2)
Quiz 3
・Separates the logical and physical view of the data
・Physical View: How data is organized, specified and stores
・Logical View: How data appears to the end-user
Def of Data Definition Language (DDL)
(2)
Quiz 3
・Defines each data element
・Used by programmers and database administrators in creating database
Def of Data Manipulation Language (DML)
(3)
Quiz 3
・Query and reporting capability in DBMS
・Used to manipulate Data (ex. Structured query language -SQL)
・Used to get data into and out of a database
Def of Metadata
Quiz 3
・The structure descriptions of the stored field
・Includes location, format, field name, data description etc.
Def of Business Rules
Quiz 3
・Editing and processing rules as well as automatic procedures that must be processed for accurate data
Def of Data Dictionary
Quiz 3
・Definitions of data elements and their characteristics
Ex. Input mask, validation rule, mandatory/optional inputs
Three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data:
(3)
Quiz 3
・Select: Creates a subset of data all records that meet stated criteria
・Join: Combines relational tables to provide user with more information than available in individual tables
・Project: Creates subset of columns in table, creating tables with only the information specified
Def of Master Data
Quiz 3
Consistent and uniform set of identifiers and extended attributes that describe the core entities of the enterprise
Ex.customer, product, employee, vendor, geographic location etc.
Advantages of Master Data management
(4)
Quiz 3
・Improves search effectiveness
・Increases accuracy
・Streamlines new product entry into the database management system
・Facilitates processing of transactions
Data Governance is…
Quiz 3
・An approach to managing information across an entire organization
・A formal set of business processes and policies that are designed to ensure that data are handled in a certain, well-defines fashion
・The organization follows unambiguous rules for creating, collecting, handling, and protecting its information
・The objective is to make information available, transparent, and useful for the people who are authorized to access it, from the moment it enters an organization until it is outdated and deleted
Def of Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
Quiz 3
Methodology for documenting databases illustrating relationships between database entities
Def of a Form
Quiz 3
・Database object that you can use to enter, edit, or display data from a table or query
・Can be used to control access to data by limiting which fields or rows of data are displayed to users
Def of a Report
Quiz 3
・Database object that is used to organize and display data pulled from tables and queries
・Commonly used as formatted hard copies of table or query data
・You can modify a report’s design but cannot add or edit data in a report
Def of a Query
Quiz 3
・A set of instructions used for working with data
・Creating a query is like asking the database a question
What is Database Normalization?
Quiz 3
・The process of removing redundant data from your tables to improve storage efficiency, data integrity, and scalability
・No repetition of data
・Needs to be normalized because there’s blank spaces, you break it up into different tables (3)
Query steps
(3)
Quiz 3
・Select
・Join
・Project
Def of Structure Query Language (SQL)
Quiz 3
・Most popular query language used for interacting with a database
・Allows people to perform complicated searched by using relatively simple statement or key words (ex. select, from, where)
・Data manipulation language used to add, change, delete and retrieve data in database
Def of Query by Example (QBE)
Quiz 3
・User fills out a grid or template known as a form
・Drag and drop
・Best for a non-programmer (ex. you)
DBMS falls into two categories:
(2)
Quiz 3
Enterprise DBMS
・Large operational and analytical databases
・Thousands of users at a time, along with multiple database applications
Personal/Desktop DBMS
・Smaller, simpler database applications
・Personal or smaller workgroup applications
・Fewer than 100 users
Data warehouses and data marts…
Quiz 3
support business intelligence
Def of Data Warehouse
Quiz 3
A copy of transaction data specifically structured for querying, analysis, reporting, and more rigorous data mining
Def of Data Mart
Quiz 3
・Low-cost, scaled-down version of a data warehouse that is designed for the end-user needs in a strategic business unit or an individual department
・Contains a subset of data warehouse information
・Contains summarized or highly focused portion of data for a specified business unit or group of users
・Contains a snapshot of operational data for specific business contexts
・Creation of a data mart is predicated on a specific predefined need for a certain grouping and configuration of select data
Def of Data warehouse environment
Quiz 3
・Internal and external sources can put data in the warehouse
・ETL: Extract, Transform, Load
・Extract: taking from elsewhere
・Transform: transform data
・Load: load the data
Characteristics of a data warehouse
(6)
Quiz 3
・Organized by business dimension or subject ・Use online analytical processing ・Integrated ・Time variant ・Non-Volatile ・Multidimensional
A Form is a…
Quiz 3
Database object that you can used to enter, edit, or display data from a table or query
A Report is a…
Quiz 3
・Database object that is used to organize and display data pulled from tables and queries
・You can modify a report’s design, you cannot add or edit data in a report
ETL
Quiz 3
Extract
Transform
Load
Transactional Data
Quiz 3
Al of the data contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support performing daily operational tasks
Analytical Information
Quiz 3
all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of higher-level analysis tasks
Master Data
Quiz 3
set on identifiers and extended attributes that describe the core entities of the enterprise such as customer, product, employee, vendor, geographic location, etc.
example: product sold vendor salesperson store part number purchase price date
Transaction Data
describes the business’s activities or transactions
example: 52-inch LCD TV Samsung Kyle Smith Best Buy 1234 $1,500 March 20th, 2018
Atomic Data
data in unit that cannot be subdivided
Binary Large Objects (BLOB)
digitized image and multimedia
Entity Relationship Diagram
key tool employed in the design of databases
methodology for documenting databased and is used to illustrate relationships between entities
A Computer Model
mathematical relationships and logical assumptions implemented in a computer as an abstract representation of a real-world object or phenomenon
spreadsheets provide the most convenient way for business people to build computer models
3 examples of data visulation features in excel that can be used to create dashboards
- summarized highlighted text
- calculated data and summary metrics
- conditionally formatted data - icons
- alerts
- up/down
- on/off - tables and charts
- line charts
- pie charts
field propertities in access that can be use to customize the way users see your table
- input mask
- validation
- format
