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IT 101. > IT > Flashcards

IT Flashcards

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1
Q

What is IT?

A

Refers to all aspects of computing and its integration into all aspects of todays society and digital platform economy.

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2
Q

What is a computer?

A

Is a programmable, multi-use machine that accepts data, processes or manipulates it into information we can use, such as summaries, totals, or reports. its main purpose is to speed up problem solving and increase productivity.

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3
Q

What is a RAM? (Random Access Memory)

A

It holds data before processing and information after processing before it is sent along to an output or storage device.

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4
Q

What does online mean?

A

Online means using a computer or some other device, connected through a network, to access information and services from another device.

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5
Q

What is a network?

A

It’s a communications system connecting 2 or more computers, the internet is the largest such network.

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6
Q

What does virtual mean?

A

It means that something is created, stimulated or carried on by means of a computer or a computer network but also that it seems almost real. Ie. debit cards, apple pay

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7
Q

What is cyberspace?

A

Cyberspace encompasses the online world and the internet. As well as the whole wired and wireless world of communications in general. Cyberspace is where you go when you go online.

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8
Q

The internet is:

A

a network of networks, connecting millions of computers via protocol, hardware, and communications channel.

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9
Q

The world wide web is:

A

the part of the internet that is multimedia based technology.

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10
Q

3 reasons to be tech smart are:

A

-you make better buying choices when buying a new computer, -you can fix ordinary computer problems, and you can protect yourself from online dangers

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11
Q

Computer best suited for weather forecasting is:

a. super computers
b. microcomputers
c. workstations

A

Supercomputers because they are high capacity machines with thousands of processors that can preform more than several quadrillion calculations per second.

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12
Q

What is a LAN? (local area network)

A

A LAN connects by special cable and also wirelessly, a group of desk top PC’s and other devices, such as printers, in an office or a building.

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13
Q

What is data?

A

Data consists of raw facts and figures that are processed into information.

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14
Q

What is info?

A

Information is data that has been summarized or otherwise transformed for use in decision making.

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15
Q

What are the 5 basic operations of a computer?

A
  1. Input operation
  2. processing operation
  3. storage operation
  4. output operation
  5. communications operation
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16
Q

What is primary storage? (memory)

A

is the internal computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed.

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17
Q

What is secondary storage?

A

refers to the devices and media that store data or information permanently.

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18
Q

What is a peripheral device?

A

is any component or piece of equipment that expands a computers input, storage, or output capabilities.

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19
Q

What is the cloud?

A

instead of storing your software and or data on your PC or on your company’s computer you can store it on servers on the internet

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20
Q

What is artificial intelligence?

A

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence which is a group of related technologies used for developing machines to emulate human qualities like learning, reasoning, communicating, seeing and hearing. Artificial learning is based on the use of algorithms, formulas or sets of steps for solving particular problems.

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21
Q

3 things needed to gain access to the internet:

A
  • An access device ie. computer with a modem
  • means of connection ie. telephone line
  • internet access provider
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22
Q

What is baseband transmission?

A

is when data is transmitted as only one signal at a time.

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23
Q

What is broad band transmission?

A

is when several signals are transmitted at the same time.

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24
Q

What is uploading?

A

is the transmission of data from a local computer to a remote computer.

25
Q

What is downloading?

A

is the transmission of data from a remote computer to a local computer

26
Q

Pros and cons of using a digital subscriber line (DSL) service:

A

Pros: Always on, transmission rate is relatively consistent
Cons: Have to live within 4.5 miles of a phone company central

27
Q

Define web 2.0:

A

refers to the web viewed as a medium in which interactive experience, in the form of blogs, wikis, forums, social networking, and so on, plays a more important role than simply accessing information

28
Q

Spoofing

A

spoofing is the forgery of an email sender name so as to appear that the email has originated from someone other than the actual sender.

29
Q

Phishing

A

Phishing is the sending of a foraged email that directs recipients to a replica of an existing webpage, both of which pretend to belong to a legitimate company.

30
Q

Pharming

A

Pharming is redirecting you to an imposter webpage, thieves implant malicious software on a victim’s computer that redirects the user to a fake webpage

31
Q

3 types of spy ware:

A

Spyware is deceptive software that is secretly installed on one’s computer through the web. The most common forms of spyware are: 1) adware or pop up generators, it’s a kind of spyware that tracks web surfing so that marketers can send you targeted ads. 2) Browser hijackers are one of the most dangerous spyware that changes the settings of your browser without your knowledge. 3) Key loggers track each character you type and transmit that information to someone on the internet, making it possible for strangers to know your password and certain other information such as online bank details.

32
Q

List 5 ways to avoid/fight viruses:

A
  1. install anti-virus software
  2. download virus protection software
  3. don’t open or download or execute any files or email addresses or email attachments if the source is unknown or the subject line is suspicious
  4. delete spam from unknown sources
  5. don’t start your computer with a flash drive in place, back up data files regularly.
33
Q

Application software is:

A

a software that is developed to solve a particular problem for users- to perform useful work on specific tasks or to provide entertainment.

34
Q

System software is:

A

the most basic level of your computer and enables the application software to interact with the computer and helps the computer to manage its internal and external resources as well as manage the hardware.

35
Q

5 main functions of an operating system:

A
  1. Booting
  2. CPU Management
  3. File Management
  4. Task Management
  5. Security Management
36
Q

A cold boot is:

A

when you power up a computer by turning on the power on switch.

37
Q

A warm boot is:

A

when the computer is already on and we restart it.

38
Q

Why is a boot disk important?:

A

a boot disk is important because if the drive in a computer is damaged you can use a boot disk which is a restore disk to start up the computer.

39
Q

What is a parent directory?:

A

any folder above the sub folder is called parent folder.

40
Q

What are device drivers?:

A

it helps the computer control peripheral devices. Drivers are specialized software programs that allows input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.

41
Q

What are utility programs?:

A

They are used to support, enhance or expand existing programs in a computer system

42
Q

What are the main components of a graphical user interface (GUI)?:

A

graphics makes it easy for computer users to interact with their machine.

43
Q

What is shareware:

A

Shareware is copyrighted software that is distributed free for a trial period but users must pay the software developer to continue using it.

44
Q

What is freeware:

A

freeware is a copyrighted software that is distributed free of charge because the developers want to test user’s response.

45
Q

What is a turtorial?:

A

A tutorial is an instruction book or program that helps one to learn how to use the product by going through steps.

46
Q

What is documentation?:

A

Documentation is all info that describes a product to users. Including a user guide or reference manual that provided a narrative and graphical description

47
Q

What are data files?:

A

Data files are used by program files to do processing.

48
Q

What are program files?:

A

Program files are files that consist of software instructions that run when the program is opened

49
Q

What is custom software?:

A

Custom software performs functions specific to a business or industry.

50
Q

What is packaged software?:

A

Packaged software is mass produced, copyrighted software that is available in stores for purchase.

51
Q

What is a transistor?:

A

is a semiconductor device that enables switching or amplifying of electronic signals and electrical power. It has 3 terminals which can connect to an external circuit.

52
Q

What is a logic gate?:

A

is one step up from the transistor. Logic gates are the basic components in digital electronics. Logic gates are used to create digital circuits and even complex integrated circuits. Ie, a chip.

53
Q

What is ASCII?:

A

(uses 7 bits per character)

54
Q

What is EBCDIC?:

A

(uses 8 bits per character)

55
Q

What is machine language?:

A

Machine code is a computer program written in Machine Language and is the only language a computer can understand. Machine language are instructions that can be executed directly by a computers central processing unit (CPU). Each instruction causes the CPU to perform a specific task.

56
Q

What is a motherboard?:

A

A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer system. It holds together many of the crucial components of a computer, including the central processing unit, memory and connectors for input and output devices.

57
Q

What is a chipset?:

A

a chipset is a set of electronic components in an integrated circuit known as a “data flow management system” that manages the data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals. Usually found on the mother board.

58
Q

What is a multicore processor?:

A

it is more CPUs working together on the same chip. Multicore processor is a type of architecture where a single physical processor contains the core logic of two or more processors.

59
Q

What is the Computer Processing Unit?:

A

This control center (the CPU) is a highly complex, extensive set of electronic circuitry that executes stored program instructions.

IT 101. (1 decks)

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