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IT > it 2 > Flashcards

it 2 Flashcards

1
Q

tool intended to assist the user in accomplishing information-based tasks ranging from locating and acquiring data/information to to processing it to presenting or transmitting it.

A

computer

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2
Q
  • electronic machine that accepts input (data) -> processes it -> gives out results (information).
A

computer

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3
Q

is ultimately a simple, generic device that can be used to accomplish a wide variety of tasks. This leads to the first two generic definitions provided above.

A

computer

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4
Q

what are the 3 elements in computer

A

software, hardware and user

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5
Q

are fast because they are actually many computers working together.

A

Supercomputer

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6
Q

were introduced in the 1960’s as the world’s most advanced computer. These computers were used for complex calculations such as forecasting weather and quantum physics.

A

Supercomputer

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7
Q

are one of a kind; they are fast and very advanced

A

Supercomputer

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8
Q

Mainframes are computers in which all the processing is done centrally, and the user terminals are called ?????????

A

“dumb terminals”

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9
Q

computers in which all the processing is done centrally

A

Mainframes

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10
Q

computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as a census.

A

Mainframes

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11
Q

mainframe handles registration, records, reports, and various Human Resource functions

A

Mainframes

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12
Q
  • are similar to mainframes in that they serve many uses
A

Server (Network Server)

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13
Q
  • The server processes are devoted to sharing files and managing access rights.
A

Server (Network Server)

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14
Q
  • is a central computer that contains collections of data and programs
A

Server (Network Server)

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15
Q
  • allows all connected users to share and store electronic data and applications.
A

Server (Network Server)

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16
Q

Two important types of servers

A
  1. file servers &

2. application servers.

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17
Q

hosts various applications or programs that you can use without having to install them directly on your system.

A

Application server

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18
Q

manages your files

A

file server

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19
Q
  • is essentially a file server located somewhere in the Internet. You request files (or web pages) by clicking on a (hyper)link or typing in a URL. The file is displayed by your browser as a web page. Much of the web has been developed using this client-server model.
A

Web server

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20
Q

Cloud applications are run on some (unknown) application server in the Internet and your data is stored on some (unknown) file server in the Internet.

A

cloud computing

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21
Q

are high-end, expensive computers that are made for complex procedures and are intended for one user at a time. S

A

Workstations

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22
Q

Perhaps the first computer that might qualify as a “workstation” was the ???

A

IBM 1620.

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23
Q
  • Microcomputer.

- Its physical characteristics and low cost are appealing and useful for its users.

A

Personal Computer or PC

24
Q

computer is an all rounded device that can be used as a productivity tool, a media server and a gaming machine.

A

Personal Computer or PC

25
Q

it is now typically used for any general purpose computing platform available (according to price) for the home market, including laptops and Apple computers.

A

Personal Computer or PC

26
Q

are hand-held computers. The current generation of smartphones run an amazing array of applications, making them quite general purpose

A

Smartphones

27
Q
  • mini computers that enable the user to store data and do simple commands and tasks with little or no user interaction with the processor.
A

Microcontroller

28
Q
  • These single circuit devices have minimal memory and program length but can be integrated with other processors for more complex functionality. Many such systems are known as Embedded Systems. Examples of embedded systems include cell phones and car safety and control systems. Embedded systems are limited to specific tasks, but are often part of a much more complex system.
A

Microcontroller

29
Q

refers to the physical elements of a computer. This is also sometime called the machinery or the equipment of the computer

A

Hardware

30
Q
  • is made up of even more parts that power and control the computer.
  • most important hadrware
A

motherboard

31
Q

implements algorithms (problme solutions) that allow the computer to complete much more complex tasks.

A

Software

32
Q

commonly known as programs or apps, consists of all the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.

A

Software

33
Q

capable of performing many tasks, as opposed to hardware which can only perform mechanical tasks that they are designed for.

A

Software

34
Q

provides the means for accomplishing many different tasks with the same basic hardware.

A

Software

35
Q

Helps run the computer hardware and computer system itself. System software includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools and more. System software is almost always pre-installed on your computer.

A

• System software

36
Q

Allows users to accomplish one or more tasks. It includes word processing, web browsing and almost any other task for which you might install software. (Some application software is pre-installed on most computer systems.)

A

• Application software:

37
Q

is generally created (written) in a high-level programming language, one that is (more or less) readable by people. These high-level instructions are converted into “machine language” instructions, represented in binary code, before the hardware can “run the code”. When you install software, it is generally already in this machine language, binary, form.

A

Software

38
Q

is a very specific, low-level program for the hardware that allows it to accomplish some specific task.

A

Firmware

39
Q

is part of devices (or device components) such as a video card, sound card, disk drive and even the motherboard. The AMIBIOS image to the right is from a Baby AT Motherboard.

A

Firmware

40
Q
  • Whatever goes into the computer.
  • Input can take a variety of forms, from commands you enter by keyboard to data from another computer (via a network connection).
  • A device that feed a data into a computer, such as a keyboard or mouse, is called an input device.
A

Input

41
Q
  • Any information (data) that comes out of a computer.

- Output devices can be computers, display screens, speakers, and printers.

A

Output

42
Q
  • Computer data storage.
  • Can save digital data.
  • Examples: RAM, hard disks, CDs, DVDs, and removable flash memory sticks.
A

Storage

43
Q

storage devices do not require power to remember the data stored

A
  • Permanent or Non-Volatile
44
Q

is more often called “memory”. A loss of power means that any data stored will be lost irretrievably.

A
  • Temporary or Volatile Storage
45
Q

brain of a computer.

A
  • Processor
46
Q
  • Also called the CPU (Central processing unit) and it is a microchip.
A

Processor

47
Q

most basic unit of data in a computer. It’s like the dots and dashes in Morse code for a computer.

A

Bit (Binary Digit)

48
Q

It’s also called machine language.

A

Bit (Binary Digit)

49
Q

basic unit of measurement of information storage or transmission that consists of 8 bits.

A

Byte

50
Q

unit of data storage worth approximately a billion bytes, meaning either 1000MB or the more technical 1024MB (

A

GB or GigaByte

51
Q

defined as about one trillion bytes, or 1024 gigabytes.

A

TB or TeraByte

52
Q

is a unit of information or computer storage equal to one quadrillion bytes (10245).

A

PB or PetaByte

53
Q

was also known as the baud rate

A

Bps (Bits per second)

54
Q

was the main way of describing data transfer speeds several decades ago

A

Bps (Bits per second)

55
Q

ften used in describing Internet download/upload speeds, as shown above.

A

Mbps (Megabits per second)

IT (2 decks)

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