IT 2 Flashcards
info for test 2
what does URL stand for
Uniform Resource locator
what does the URl indicate
the exact location of the resource on the web, the protocol nessecary to access it and more specific identifiers
what is the protocol of the URL examples and task
which protocol the browser must use:
http:
https:
mailto:
what is the protocol of the domain name examples and task
which host is being requested i.e. hostname
an ip address
the internet always translates URL into an IP address
“www.example.com”
what is the protocol of the port examples and tasks
identifies an applications programs connection to the internet:
80 is a well known port for internet web browsing
this can be ommited when contacting a web server if you specify protocol
what is the protocol of the path examples and tasks
indicates a speciic resource on the server:
old days was an actual path, now its just an identifier
“x/v/y/d….”
what is an example of a host name www,gatech.edu
www.
example of second level domain www.gatech.edu
gatech
example of top level domain www.gatech.edu
edu
example of third level domains www.scheller.gatech.edu
scheller
what is the phone book of the internet
domain name system DNS
what do humans access information online through domain names?
domain names
how do web browser interact with each other and humans
internet protocol adresses (IP)
what does DNS do translation wise
DNS translates domain names to IP addresses to load internet resources
what are the OS levels of moving data through the interent
Application layer, presentation layer, session layer
example of application layer in moving data through internet
web browser
example of Presentation layer in moving data through internet
type of data:
Https
example of session layer in moving data through internet
starts and ends session and also keeps them isolated
what are the network levels of moving data through the internet
transport layer, network layer, data link layer, physical layer
what does transport layer do in moving data through the internet
defines ports and reliability
what does network layer do in moving data through the internet
locical or IP addressing, determines best path for destination
what does data link layer do in moving data through the internet
switches and MAC adressing
what does physical layer do in moving data through the internet
cable, network interface cards
what happens when a certain layer is not working in a table
layers determine based on what happens on the lower layers, so bottom to top to make sure that the video can play on the internet (physical layer, data link layer, … , presentation layer, application layer)
What is host-to -host communication, or machine to machine
IP (internet protocol)
when source IP prgrams receives segments from source TCP prgram, how does it transport it
puts each segment into packets, sends packets to IP program at destination
destination IP program does what when it receives packets
unpacks segments and presents them to detination TCP program
What do IP asks lower level protocols to do?
move packets from hop to hop or router to router through the network
what do routers do with moving data through internet
special computers built to forward packets along routes toward their ultimate destination
T or F
IP hides the details of its work from TCP
T
what does IP do to hide its detail from TCP
gives an illusion of a direct connection between source and destination host
what is the internet of things
connecting not only internet things, but sensors for many things that can convert analog input into digital format
what are some common examples of IOT?
smart thermostats, connected cars, activity trackers, smart outlets, parking sensors
when does a market exhibit market effects?
if the value for some participants is somehow linked to the market size (Number of participants, amount or value of transactions, or reach)
what are the two kinds of network effects
same side and cross side (direct and indirect)
Same side network effects definition and example
the value each participant receives goes up as the number of participants goes up, like the telephone.
cross side network effects definition and example
the value each participant receives goes up as the number of participants who use the product for a different reason goes up
what are two sided markets
networks that include two distinct catigories of both indirect and direct network effects
what is a tippy market
when a market for a homogenous product is subject to strong feedback effects
what kind of market is less likely to be tippy
heterogeneous markets because it greates oppertunities to profit in niches, ie the milk department
what do competing in markets with network effects mean you do as a company
- move early in the market
- subsidize early adoption (simple features for free, premuim features for money)
- expand the market
- if a service relies on a tech, embrace the dominant tech
- when there is enough heterogenity in demand, identify lucrative niches
- provide backward compatibility when new generations of the product are rolled out
- establish ecosystems, encourage the development of complimentary goods
competing with network effects, what tools should you consider using?
- location tracking
- collaboration tools (especially MS Word)
What are the technologies enabling e-commerce
affordable platforms open standards access to reliable internet ease of use (interfaces) electronic payment solutions
what is a B2C company
for profit organization like a retail company
What is a B2B company?
two or more business entities take part, supported by EDI
what is the e-government
transactionsn involving legislative and administrative institutions
what is the bricks and mortar operational structure
traaditional organizations that have physical operations and locations
what is bricks and clicks operational structure
selling things off of online
what is business intelligence
ability to gather and make sense of information in the context of a business (ie set of techniques, processes, and technologies)
What is the purpose of business intelligence
gain superior insight and understanding of the business and its ecosystem, to understand the past and present and predict the future and make better decisions
what are the componenets of business intelligence
storage (data warehouse / data marts)
data mining tools (for business analytics)
Reporting and visual tools (eg dashboards)
what is data mining
the computational process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database systems
what is customer segmentation
who are the most valuable customers to a firm
what is marketing and promotion targeting
identifying which customers will respond to each offer
what is market basket analysis
which products customers buy together and how an organization can use this information to cross-sell more
what is collaborative filtering
personalizing an individual customer’s experience based on the trends and preferences exhibited by similar customers
what is customer churn
which customers are more likely to leave and which retention strategies are most likely to succeed
what is fraud detection
uncover patterns consistent with criminal activity
what is financial modeling
building trading systems that adapt to historical trends or risk models to identify customers with the highest likelihood to default on a credit
what is association rule mining?
a chart to find a list of transactions, and to see if there is any correlations with the items
what is the formula for all possible item sets
for n number its (2^n)-1
what are the three types of association rules to evaluate
support, confidence, and lift
what is support association rule evaltuation
“How often do these items occur or occur together”
if the support is not high enough, they will not be statistically significant
what is cloud computing
on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
what are the 4 main characteristics of cloud computing?
resource pooling, location independence, on demand self service, and rapid elasticity
what are the 2 types of resource pooling
multitendency model (multiple users sharing one resource, and virtualization, allowing resources on one computer to be split into multiple virtual minicomputers inside which applications that can be run seperately
what is on demand self service
a consuer can unilateraly provision computing capabilities as needed automatically
what is rapid elasticity?
resources that can be rapidly and elastically provisioned to quickly scale up when needed and it rapidly released
what is measured metered service in terms of characteristics of cloud computing
resource usage can be monitored, measured, controlled, and optimized, and reported for transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service
what are the three service models of cloud computing?
SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS
