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IT > IT 1.1-1.4 > Flashcards

IT 1.1-1.4 Flashcards

1.1 - 1.4

1
Q

What is ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

A

Preforms the mathematics and logics checks

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2
Q

What is CU (Control Unit)

A

Directs the operation of the processor

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3
Q

What it is Cache?

A

stores instructions or data which saves CPU time

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4
Q

What is the unit for hertz?

A

Hz

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5
Q

What is clock speed?

A

How many Fetch Decode Execute cycles (instruction) can be execute per second measure in Hertz.

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6
Q

What is MAR (Memory Address Register)

A

Stores the memory address from which data will be
fetched to the CPU

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7
Q

What is MDR (Memory Data Register)

A

Holds data that is being transferred to or from memory.

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8
Q

What is Solid State?

A

stored on flash chips

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9
Q

What is an embedded system?

A

a mini-computer that performs a task within a larger device

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10
Q

Give some examples for embedded systems

A

microwaves fridges dishwashers

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11
Q

Give Solid State examples.

A

Examples: USB Flash Drive Solid State Drive.

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12
Q

How do computers store binary?

A

1s and 0s

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13
Q

How are images stored?

A

in small blocks called pixels.

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14
Q

What is resolution?

A

Resolution is the number of pixels in the image

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15
Q

what is meant by Lossy?

A

Makes the file size smaller but loses some of the quality (data)

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16
Q

What is meant by Lossless?

A

Makes the file size small and doesn’t lose quality (Compresses less data than lossy)

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17
Q

What is WAP (Wireless Access Point)

A

A device that a Wireless NIC can use to connect to a network.

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18
Q

What is NIC (Network Interface Card)

A

A device in a computer that allows it to connect to a network.

19
Q

What is a Switch?

A

Connects computer together to form a network.

20
Q

What is a Router?

A

Same as a switch but also connects networks to each other.

21
Q

What is DNS?

A

Domain Name Services turn the name of the website www.bbc.co.uk into the IP address required to access it.

22
Q

What is STAR?

A

All devices connect to central server or switch.

23
Q

What is Bandwidth?

A

This is the amount of data that can be transmitted over a given amount of time.

24
Q

What is WAN

A

Network covering more than one location. Uses hardware owned by someone else e.g. BT, Government.

25
Q

What is LAN?

A

Located in one geographical location. You own all the hardware involved.

26
Q

What is TCP/IP?

A

Enables communication over the internet

27
Q

What is HTTP?

A

Governs communication between a webserver and a
client. Used to send web pages.

28
Q

What is POP?

A

Govern retrieving emails from email servers. POP actually downloads the emails to the computer.

29
Q

What is HTTPS?

A

Same as HTTP but it adds a layer of security/
authentication.

30
Q

What is Interference?

A

Walls and radio signals can interfere with wireless signal strength slowing down the connection.

31
Q

What is Ethernet?

A

Uses twisted copper cables to send data.

32
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random Access Memory

33
Q

What is Fibre Optic?

A

Data sent as light through glass or plastic cables.

34
Q

What is the calculation for sound?

A

Sample Rate (Hz) x Bit Depth (bits) x Length (sec)

35
Q

What is the calculation for Image?

A

Colour Depth (bits) x Height (pixels) x Width (pixels)

36
Q

What is the calculation for Text?

A

Bits per character (bits) x Number of Characters

37
Q

What is compression?

A

Reducing the size of a file by using an algorithm

38
Q

What is the brute force attack?

A

a very simple attack where you try to crack a password just by trying every combination of letters symbols and numbers

39
Q

What is Bit Depth?

A

This is how accurate the samples are. By allocating more bits to the samples we allow more options.

40
Q

What is computer phishing?

A

sending a message to a person to get them to reveal information

41
Q

What is email phishing?

A

it Tries to get you to click a link to get you to enter information
in a form which they will get.

42
Q

What are disadvantages of Fire Optic?

A

Expensive Needs building work

43
Q

What are advantages of Fire Optic?

A

Ultra Fast Works over long distance

44
Q

What unit is sample rate measured in?

a) Bits per second (bps) b) Hertz (Hz) c) Megabits per second (Mbps)

A

B

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