IT 105 Quiz Review Flashcards
RAM
- Main memory
- Primary storage
- Holds programs and data for access by the CPU
-Primary storage is made up of a large number of cells each numbered and individually addressable - Each cell holds a single binary number representing part of a data value or part of an instruction
-Smallest addressable size of a cell is 8 bits
I/O Modules
a device that acts as the connective bridge between a computer system at one end and an I/O or peripheral device of some kind at the other, such as a printer, webcam or scanner.
Bus
- In many computer systems, a bus interconnects the CPU, memory, and all of the I/O components
-A bus is simply a bundle of wires that carry signals and power between different components
Communication Channel
-Provides the connection between computers
- The channel may be a wire cable, fiber optic cable, a telephone line, a wireless technology, or some combo of these
- Wireless tech: WIFI, cellular phone
Stored Program Concept
-A memory that would hold both programs and data, the so-called stored program concept
-This solved the difficult problem of rewiring the control panels for changing programs on the ENIAC
Decomposition
Decomposition in computer science is a process where you breakdown a complex problem or system into smaller, more manageable parts. These smaller parts can then be analysed, solved, or addressed separately to solve the larger problem, or to better understand the system as a whole.
Byte
- 8 bits
A byte is the unit most computers use to represent a character such as a letter, number or typographic symbol. Each byte can hold a string of bits that need to be used in a larger unit for application purposes.
Abstractions
Removing the details and essentially keeping the big picture(maintaining the general form)
Standards
ASCII
-Created in 1963
7-bit code, 128 characters
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Represents
Latin alphabet and Arabic numerals
Standard punctuation characters
Small set of accents and other European special characters
ISO Latin 1
Extended version of ASCII
8-bit code, 256 characters
Incorporated into Unicode as the first 256 characters for forward and backward compatibility
- Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code developed by IBM in 1963 and 1964
Restricted mainly to IBM or IBM compatible mainframes
Conversion software to/from ASCII available
Common in archival data
Character codes differ from ASCII - Unicode
Created in 1991 and 1992
Most common 16-bit form represents 65,536 characters
ASCII Latin-I subset of Unicode
Values 0 to 255 in Unicode table
Multilingual: defines codes for
Nearly every character-based alphabet
Large set of ideographs for Chinese, Japanese and Korean languages
Composite characters for vowels and syllabic clusters required by some languages
Allows software modifications for local languages
Bitmap Images vs Vector Graphic
Bitmap: pixel map, photographic quality, paint software, larger storage requirements, enlarging images produces jagged edges, resolution of output limited by resolution of image
Vector Graphic or Object: Geometrically defined shapes, complex drawings, drawing software, higher computational requirements, objects scale smoothly, resolution of output is limited by output device
ALU
The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) where arithmetic and Boolean logical calculations are performed
CU
The control unit (CU), which controls the processing of instructions and the movement of internal CPU data from one part of the CPU to another
Interace Unit
The interface unit, which moves program instructions and data between the CPU and other hardware components
- The interface unit interconnects the CPU with
memory and also with the various I/O modules
-It can also be used to connect multiple CPU cores together
API (application programming interface)
-The operating system’s application programming interface (API) acts as an interface for application programs and utilities to access the internal services provided by the operating system
-These include file services, I/O services, data communication services, user interface services, program execution services, and more
JPEG
-Approximately16.7 million colors
-Suitable for highly detailed photographs and paintings
-Employs lossy compression algorithm that
-Discards data to decrease file size, by up to 90% in some cases, and reduce transmission speed
-May reduce image resolution, reduce the number of colors, distort sharp lines
