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IT > It 101- week 1 > Flashcards

It 101- week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

study of information systems encompasses

A

array of devices, software, and data systems

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2
Q

Defining Information Systems

A

“An information system (IS) can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.”

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3
Q

Components of Information Systems

A

hardware, software, data, people, and processes

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4
Q

Technology-Components of Information Systems

A

Technology can be thought of as the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes

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5
Q

Hardware-Components of Information Systems

A

Hardware is the tangible, physical portion of an information system – the part you can touch. Computers, keyboards, disk drives, and flash drives are all examples of information systems hardware

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6
Q

What is Software? -Components of Information Systems

A

Software comprises the set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. Software is not tangible – it cannot be touched

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7
Q

What are the Two main categories of software

A
  1. Operating Systems
  2. Application software
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8
Q

Define Operating Systems

A

Operating Systems software provides the interface between the hardware and the Application software. Examples of operating systems for a personal computer include Microsoft Windows and Ubuntu Linux. The mobile phone operating system market is dominated by Google Android and Apple iOS

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9
Q

Define Application software

A

Application software allows the user to perform tasks such as creating documents, recording data in a spreadsheet, or messaging a friend

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10
Q

Data-Components of Information Systems

A

The third technology component is data. You can think of data as a collection of facts.
Organizations collect all kinds of data and use it to make decisions which can then be analyzed as to their effectiveness. The analysis of data is then used to improve the organization’s performance

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11
Q

core technology of information systems

A

hardware, software, and data
communication

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12
Q

(CIO)

A

chief information officer

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13
Q

People-Components of Information Systems

A

front-line user support staff, to systems analysts, to developers, all the way up to the chief information officer

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14
Q

Process-Components of Information Systems

A

A process is a series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired outcome or goal
Information systems are becoming more integrated with organizational processes, bringing greater productivity and better control to those processes

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15
Q

The Mainframe Era

A

late 1950s through the 1960s

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16
Q

The Role of Information Systems

A

components collect, store, organize, and distribute data throughout the organization. You may have even realized that one of the roles of information systems is to take data and turn it into information, and then transform that information into organizational knowledge

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17
Q

Time-sharing

A

allowed dozens or even hundreds of users to simultaneously access mainframe computers from locations in the same building or miles away. Typical functions included scientific calculations and accounting, all under the broader umbrella of “data processing.”

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18
Q

(MRP)

A

Manufacturing Resources Planning

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19
Q

late 1960s, Manufacturing Resources Planning systems were introduced

A

This software, running on a mainframe computer, gave companies the ability to manage the manufacturing process, making it more efficient. From tracking inventory to creating bills of materials to scheduling production, the MRP systems gave more businesses a reason to integrate computing into their processes

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20
Q

advent of the personal computer resulted

A

“center of technology” eventually moving to Silicon Valley.

21
Q

Mainframe’s dominance corporations produced most computers before Silicon Valley move?

A

cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul

22
Q

In 1975, the first microcomputer was called

A

Altair 8800

23
Q

1981 IBM teamed with ?

A

Microsoft

24
Q

IBM PC gave legitimacy to the microcomputer won what reward in 1982

A

Time magazine’s “Man of the Year’’

25
Q

Microsoft developed the Windows operating system, with version 3.1 becoming the first commercially successful release in what year.

A

1992

26
Q

Typical uses for the early PC in 1992

A

word processing, spreadsheets, and databases
These early PCs were standalone machines, not connected to a network.

27
Q

Client-Server

A

networking architecture allowed users to log in to the Local Area Network (LAN) from their PC (the “client”) by connecting to a central computer called a “server.” The server would lookup permissions for each user to determine who had access to various resources such as printers and files
a way to collaborate and share resources

28
Q

In the mid-1980s, businesses began to see the need for

A

Client-Server

29
Q

software companies began developing applications that allowed multiple users to access the same data at the same time which lead?

A

into software applications for communicating, with the first popular use of electronic mail appearing at this time in mid 1980s

30
Q

(ERP)

A

Enterprise Resource Planning

31
Q

Enterprise Resource Planning is

A

ERP system is an application with a centralized database that can be used to run a company’s entire business. With separate modules for accounting, finance, inventory, human resources, and many more

32
Q

networks of computers were becoming so powerful that they were replacing many of the functions previously performed by the larger mainframe computers at a fraction of the cost. It was during this what is developed

A

(ERP) systems were developed and run on the client-server architecture

33
Q

first long distance transmission between two computers occurred on

A

October 29, 1969 when developers under the direction of Dr. Leonard Kleinrock sent the word “login” from the campus of UCLA to Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park, California, a distance of over 350 miles

34
Q

ARPA Net

A

(Advanced Research Projects Administration)

35
Q

The United States Department of Defense created and funded what?

A

ARPA Net (Advanced Research Projects Administration), an experimental network which eventually became known as the Internet.

36
Q

ARPA Net began with

A

four nodes or sites

37
Q

first e-mail messages on the Internet were sent when?

A

early 1970s as a few very large companies expanded from local networks to the Internet. The computer was now evolving from a purely computational device into the world of digital communications

38
Q

In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee developed a simpler way for researchers to share information over the Internet, a concept he called

A

World Wide Web

39
Q

In 1991 the National Science Foundation, which governed how the Internet was used, lifted restrictions on

A

its commercial use. Corporations soon realized the huge potential of a digital marketplace on the Internet

40
Q

eBay and Amazon were founded in?

A

1994

41
Q

A mad rush of investment in Internet-based businesses led to the dot-com boom in what year and dot-com bust year?

A

late 1990s and 2000

42
Q

thousands of miles of Internet connections, in the form of fiber optic cable, were laid around the world. The world became truly “wired” heading into the new millenium, ushering in

A

era of globalization

43
Q

A zip file is

A

a way of grouping, or archiving, multiple files so they act like one file. For example, let’s say you want to email a folder of Word documents to someone. You could attach each file individually, but it would take a long time—especially if there are a lot of documents. A better solution would be to put all of the files into a zip file, and then attach the zip file to your email.

44
Q

compressed zip file

A

means the total file size is smaller. If you’re emailing a zip file to someone or posting it to the Web, it takes less time to upload—and your recipients will also be able to download it more quickly

45
Q

Some file formats, like MP3s and JPEG images are?

A

already compressed

46
Q

once you’ve created a zip file you can
answer for windows and mac

A

windows you can add more files to it by dragging them onto the zip file’s icon.
In macOS, once you’ve created a zip file you cannot add more files to it.

47
Q
A
48
Q
A

IT (1 decks)

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