It 101- week 1 Flashcards
study of information systems encompasses
array of devices, software, and data systems
Defining Information Systems
“An information system (IS) can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.”
Components of Information Systems
hardware, software, data, people, and processes
Technology-Components of Information Systems
Technology can be thought of as the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
Hardware-Components of Information Systems
Hardware is the tangible, physical portion of an information system – the part you can touch. Computers, keyboards, disk drives, and flash drives are all examples of information systems hardware
What is Software? -Components of Information Systems
Software comprises the set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. Software is not tangible – it cannot be touched
What are the Two main categories of software
- Operating Systems
- Application software
Define Operating Systems
Operating Systems software provides the interface between the hardware and the Application software. Examples of operating systems for a personal computer include Microsoft Windows and Ubuntu Linux. The mobile phone operating system market is dominated by Google Android and Apple iOS
Define Application software
Application software allows the user to perform tasks such as creating documents, recording data in a spreadsheet, or messaging a friend
Data-Components of Information Systems
The third technology component is data. You can think of data as a collection of facts.
Organizations collect all kinds of data and use it to make decisions which can then be analyzed as to their effectiveness. The analysis of data is then used to improve the organization’s performance
core technology of information systems
hardware, software, and data
communication
(CIO)
chief information officer
People-Components of Information Systems
front-line user support staff, to systems analysts, to developers, all the way up to the chief information officer
Process-Components of Information Systems
A process is a series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired outcome or goal
Information systems are becoming more integrated with organizational processes, bringing greater productivity and better control to those processes
The Mainframe Era
late 1950s through the 1960s
The Role of Information Systems
components collect, store, organize, and distribute data throughout the organization. You may have even realized that one of the roles of information systems is to take data and turn it into information, and then transform that information into organizational knowledge
Time-sharing
allowed dozens or even hundreds of users to simultaneously access mainframe computers from locations in the same building or miles away. Typical functions included scientific calculations and accounting, all under the broader umbrella of “data processing.”
(MRP)
Manufacturing Resources Planning
late 1960s, Manufacturing Resources Planning systems were introduced
This software, running on a mainframe computer, gave companies the ability to manage the manufacturing process, making it more efficient. From tracking inventory to creating bills of materials to scheduling production, the MRP systems gave more businesses a reason to integrate computing into their processes
advent of the personal computer resulted
“center of technology” eventually moving to Silicon Valley.
Mainframe’s dominance corporations produced most computers before Silicon Valley move?
cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul
In 1975, the first microcomputer was called
Altair 8800
1981 IBM teamed with ?
Microsoft
IBM PC gave legitimacy to the microcomputer won what reward in 1982
Time magazine’s “Man of the Year’’
Microsoft developed the Windows operating system, with version 3.1 becoming the first commercially successful release in what year.
1992
Typical uses for the early PC in 1992
word processing, spreadsheets, and databases
These early PCs were standalone machines, not connected to a network.
Client-Server
networking architecture allowed users to log in to the Local Area Network (LAN) from their PC (the “client”) by connecting to a central computer called a “server.” The server would lookup permissions for each user to determine who had access to various resources such as printers and files
a way to collaborate and share resources
In the mid-1980s, businesses began to see the need for
Client-Server
software companies began developing applications that allowed multiple users to access the same data at the same time which lead?
into software applications for communicating, with the first popular use of electronic mail appearing at this time in mid 1980s
(ERP)
Enterprise Resource Planning
Enterprise Resource Planning is
ERP system is an application with a centralized database that can be used to run a company’s entire business. With separate modules for accounting, finance, inventory, human resources, and many more
networks of computers were becoming so powerful that they were replacing many of the functions previously performed by the larger mainframe computers at a fraction of the cost. It was during this what is developed
(ERP) systems were developed and run on the client-server architecture
first long distance transmission between two computers occurred on
October 29, 1969 when developers under the direction of Dr. Leonard Kleinrock sent the word “login” from the campus of UCLA to Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park, California, a distance of over 350 miles
ARPA Net
(Advanced Research Projects Administration)
The United States Department of Defense created and funded what?
ARPA Net (Advanced Research Projects Administration), an experimental network which eventually became known as the Internet.
ARPA Net began with
four nodes or sites
first e-mail messages on the Internet were sent when?
early 1970s as a few very large companies expanded from local networks to the Internet. The computer was now evolving from a purely computational device into the world of digital communications
In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee developed a simpler way for researchers to share information over the Internet, a concept he called
World Wide Web
In 1991 the National Science Foundation, which governed how the Internet was used, lifted restrictions on
its commercial use. Corporations soon realized the huge potential of a digital marketplace on the Internet
eBay and Amazon were founded in?
1994
A mad rush of investment in Internet-based businesses led to the dot-com boom in what year and dot-com bust year?
late 1990s and 2000
thousands of miles of Internet connections, in the form of fiber optic cable, were laid around the world. The world became truly “wired” heading into the new millenium, ushering in
era of globalization
A zip file is
a way of grouping, or archiving, multiple files so they act like one file. For example, let’s say you want to email a folder of Word documents to someone. You could attach each file individually, but it would take a long time—especially if there are a lot of documents. A better solution would be to put all of the files into a zip file, and then attach the zip file to your email.
compressed zip file
means the total file size is smaller. If you’re emailing a zip file to someone or posting it to the Web, it takes less time to upload—and your recipients will also be able to download it more quickly
Some file formats, like MP3s and JPEG images are?
already compressed
once you’ve created a zip file you can
answer for windows and mac
windows you can add more files to it by dragging them onto the zip file’s icon.
In macOS, once you’ve created a zip file you cannot add more files to it.
