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istudentnurse.com Flashcards

1
Q

BREAKS 6-Step Protocol

A 
Step 1: B- Background
Step 2: R- Rapport
Step 3: E- Explore
Step 4: A- Announce
Step 5: K- Kindling
Step 6: S- Summarize
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2
Q

Home Health Nursing Manager: CAME

A

Clinician: provides for patient assessment and problem solving through nursing interventions
Advocate: works to protect the rights of the patient and deals with issues such as insurance negotiation
Manager: manages home health care cases
Educator: educating patients in the home setting is crucial the hospital environment may not permit adequate time for thorough teaching

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3
Q

SPIKES Protocol for Delivering Bad News

A 
Step 1: S- Set up the interview
Step 2: P- Perception assessment
Step 3: I- Invitation
Step 4: K- Knowledge and information
Step 5: E- Emotions and empathy
Step 6: S- Strategize and summarize
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4
Q

Hypersensitivity Reactions Types: ACID

A

Type 1: Anaphylaxis
Type 2: Cytotoxic mediated
Type 3: Immune complex mediated
Type 4: Delayed hypersensitivity

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5
Q

Postoperative Fever Etiologies: 5 W’s

A

Wind: pneumonia and atelectasis
Wound: wound and surgical incision infections
Water: urinary tract infection
Walking: deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus
Wonder-drugs: especially anesthesia

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6
Q

IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome): ABCS

A

Abdominal distension
Bloating
Constipation and diarrhea (alternating cycles)
Stools with mucus

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7
Q

RLQ Pain: APPENDICITIS

A 
Appendicitis or abscess
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or period
Pancreatitis
Ectopic pregnancy or endometriosis
Neoplasia
Diverticulitis
Intussusception
Crohn’s disease or cyst (ovarian)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Torsion (ovary)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Stones (renal calculi)
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8
Q

Acid Base: ROME

A

Respiratory (acidosis and alkalosis)
Opposite: pH ↓ & CO2 ↑= Acidosis; pH ↑ CO2 ↓= Alkalosis
Metabolic (acidosis and alkalosis)
Equal: pH ↓ & HCO3 ↓= Acidosis; pH ↑ & HCO3 ↑= Alkalosis

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9
Q

Calcium: 8.5-10

A

Children’s bones grow strong between ages 8 ½ -10

This is a way to remember the normal range of calcium values

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10
Q

Potassium: 3.5 -5 POTS

A

Children age 3½ -5 like to play with POTS (example: making mud pies)
This is a way to remember the normal range of potassium values

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11
Q

Lab Values from Lowest to Highest: Miss Piggy & Kermit Came Home on Cloud Nine

A 
Miss: Magnesium =  1.5-2.5
Piggy: Phosphate = 2.5-4.5
&
Kermit: (K) Potassium = 3.5-5.5
Came: Calcium = 8.5-10.5
Home: HCO2 = 22-26
On: Oxygen Saturation = 95-100%
Cloud: Chloride = 95-104
Nine: (Na) Sodium = 135-145
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12
Q

Order of the Draw: My Purse Gets Big*

A

Marble
Purple
Green
Blue

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13
Q

White Blood Cells (WBC) Values: Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

A 
Neutrophil: 50-70%
Lymphocytes: 25-35%
Monocytes:4-6%
Eosinophils:1-3%
Basophils: 0.4-1%
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14
Q

Fracture Treatment: PRICE

A 
Pressure
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
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15
Q

Musculoskeletal Injury Assessment: 5 P’s

A 
Pain
Pulse
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Pallor
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16
Q

Traction Patient Care: TRACTION

A 
Temperature of extremity is assessed for signs of infection
Ropes hang freely
Alignment of body and injured area
Circulation check (5 P’s)
Type and location of fracture
Increase fluid intake
Overhead trapeze
No weights on bed or floor
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17
Q

Autonomic Nervous System Response: Stress Versus Peace

A 
Stress = Sympathetic: fight or flight
Peace = Parasympathetic: rest and digest
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18
Q

Cholinergic Crisis: SLUD

A

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation

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19
Q

Cushing’s Triad- Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP): HYPER-BRADY-BRADY

A

Hypertension
Bradycardia
Bradypnea

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20
Q

Dementia and Delirium Causes: DEMENTIA

A 
Diabetes
Ethanol
Medication
Environmental (example: lead poisoning)
Nutritional
Trauma
Infection and sepsis
Alzheimer’s disease
Remember: delirium is has a rapid onset and is temporary while dementia is progressive and often secondary to chronic neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease
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21
Q

Huntington’s Disease Pathophysiology and Etiology: HUNT 4 DATE

A

HUNTington’s on chromosome 4

With cauDATE nucleus involvement

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22
Q

Meningeal Spaces: ESS (Eat Some Darn Sunflower Seeds)

A

Epidural space: located between the dura mater and the skull
SubDural space: located between the arachnoid membrane and dura mater
Subarachnoid Space: located between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater

23
Q

Meninges: PAD (an Inner to Outer PAD Covers the Brain)

A

Pia matter: innermost brain cover; comes into direct contact with the brain
Arachnoid membrane: middle cover; cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) lies underneath
Dura matter: outermost brain cover; protects the meningeal arteries and veins

24
Q

Meningococcal Meningitis Complications: SAD REP

A 
Sepsis, shock, and subdural effusion
Ataxia and abscess of the brain
DIC and deafness
Retardation
Epilepsy
Paralysis
25
Miosis Causes: CPR ON SLIME
``` Clonidine Phenothiazines Resting (deep sleep) Opiates Narcotics Stroke (pontine hemorrhage) Lomotil (diphenoxylate) Insecticides Mushrooms/ Muscarinic (inocybe, clitocybe) ```
26
Parkinson’s Disease Cardinal Signs: TRAP
Tremor Rigidity Akinesia and bradykinesia Postural Instability
27
Sensory- the 5 Senses in Medical Terms: GOOTA (like the Cheese*)
``` Gustatory (taste) Occipital (vision) Olfactory (smell; aka: nosmia) Tactile (touch; aka: kinesthetic) Auditory (hearing; aka: aural) *The actual cheese is spelled “gouda” ```
28
Vertigo Causes: DEMENTIA
``` Vestibulitis Ototoxic drug Meniere’s disease Injury Tumor Spinning (benign positional vertigo) ```
29
Postpartum Assessment: BUBBLE-HE
``` Breasts Uterus Bladder Bowels Lochia Emotional status Hemorrhoids, hematoma, and anal fissures Episiotomy ```
30
Fetal Heart Monitoring: VEAL CHOP
Variability = Compression Early Decelerations = Head Accelerations = Oxygenation Late Decelerations = Placental insufficiency
31
Hemolysis, Hepatic Enzymes, Low Platelets: HELLP
``` Hemolysis Elevated Liver Enzymes Low Platelets ```
32
Magnesium Sulphate Toxicity Signs: BURP
Blood pressure decrease Urine output decrease Respiratory rate decrease Patellar reflex absent
33
Postpartum Perineal Assessment: REEDA
``` Redness Edema Ecchymosis Discharge Approximation ```
34
Shaken Baby Syndrome Risks: PURPLE
``` Peak of crying Unexpected Resist soothing Pain like pain even in absence of pain Long lasting Evening ```
35
Tocolysis Drugs or Uterine Relaxants: It’s Not My Time
``` It’s Not My Time: Indomethacin (NSAID) Nifedipine (calcium channel blocker) Magnesium Sulphate Terbutaline (adrenergic agonist) ```
36
Viral Prenatal Testing: TORCH
``` Toxoplasmosis Other viruses Rubella Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis A and B ```
37
Cancer Early Warning Signs: CAUTION UP
``` Change in bowel or bladder A lesion that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious changes in wart or mole Nagging cough or persistent hoarseness Unexplained weight loss Pernicious Anemia ```
38
Leukemia Signs and Symptoms: ANT
Anemia and decreased hemoglobin Neutropenia and increased risk of infection Thrombocytopenia and increased risk of bleeding
39
Diarrhea; Causes of Chronic Diarrhea: 5 C’s
``` Cow’s milk intolerance (lactose intolerance) Celiac disease Colitis (ulcerative) Cystic fibrosis Crohn’s disease ```
40
Down’s Syndrome Characteristics: DOWN
Decreased alphafetoprotein and unconjugated estriol One extra chromosome 21 Women over 40 Nondisjunction during maternal meiosis
41
Down’s Syndrome Characteristics: my CHILD HAS A PROBLEM
``` Congenital heart disease and cataracts Hypotonia and hypothyroidism Increased gap between 1st and 2nd toe Lung issues and leukemia risks x 2 Delayed development and duodenal atresia Hirschsprung’s disease and hearing loss Alzheimer’s disease Slanted eyes, short limbs, and short neck Protruding tongue and palmar crease Round face and rolling eye or nystagmus Occiput flat and oblique eye fissure Brushfield spot and brachycephaly Low nasal bridge and language problem Epicanthic fold and ear folded Mental retardation and myoclonus ```
42
Hypoxia Signs in Neonates and Infants: FINES
``` Feeding difficulty Inspiratory stridor Nares flaring Expiratory grunting Sternal retractions ```
43
Scarlet Fever: 6 S’s
``` Streptococci causal organism Sore throat Swollen tonsils Strawberry tongue Sandpaper rash Sudamina (military) vesicles: over hands, feet, abdomen ```
44
Sickle Cell Anemia Crisis Treatment: HOP
Hydration Oxygenation Pain
45
Antihypertensives: ABC
ACE Inhibitors Beta Blocker (LOLs) Calcium Channel Blockers
46
Bradycardia Drugs: IDEA
Isoproterenol Dopamine Epinephrine Atropine
47
Bronchodilators: TO A SIS
``` Terbutaline Orciprenaline Adrenaline Salbutamol Isoprenaline Salmeterol ```
48
IM Gluteal Injection: Shut UP and BUTT OUT
The Upper Outer quadrant of the Buttock | This avoids hitting the sciatic nerve
49
Interactions: These Drugs Can Interact
Theophyline Dilantin Coumadin losone (Erythromycin)
50
Lidocaine Toxicity: SAMS
Seizures Altered central nervous system Muscle twitching Slurred speech
51
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: NSAIDS
``` Naproxen Salicylates Advil Ibuprofen Diclofenac Sulinclac ```
52
Tuberculosis Drugs: PERIS
Pyrazinamide (Rolab-Pyrazinamide, Pyrazide, Rozide, Isopas) Ethambutol (Purderal, Rolab-Ethambutol) Rifampin (Rifacap 150, Rifacap 450, Rimactane 600, Rifinah 300) Isoniazid (Lennon-Isoniazid, Be-tabs Isoniazid, Norstan-Isoniazid) Streptomycin (Aminoglycoside: streptomycine, streptomycin sulfate or streptomycin nitrate)
53
Tuberculosis Drugs (and Major Side Effects): RIPES
``` Rifampicin: red-orange secretions and urine Isoniazid: peripheral neuritis Pyrazinamide: increased uric acid Ethambutol: visual problems Streptomycin: ototoxic ```

Mnemonics (3 decks)

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