IST Yearly 2023 (Networks)

Question 1

3 main approaches to communicate between devices and people

Answer 1

simplex transmission
half-duplex transmission
full-duplex transmission.

Question 2

SIMPLEX TRANSMISSION

Answer 2

data can be transmitted in only one direction on a signal carrier e.g. radio

Question 3

HALF-DUPLEX TRANSMISSION

Answer 3

data can be transmitted in both directions on a signal carrier, but not at the same time. e.g. transceivers (walkie-talkie)

Question 4

Full-duplex

Answer 4

data can be transmitted in both directions on a signal carrier at the same time e.g. telephone line, network

Question 5

Protocol

Answer 5

A protocol is an agreed method of communication between two communicating devices. may be open (HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) SMTP (simple message transfer protocol) FTP (file), IP (internet), VOIP (Voice over Internet), TCP
(Transmission communication)) or proprietary (work only with enterprise software)

Question 6

Internet Protocol Address (IP address)

Answer 6

four bytes of data(each byte no. from 0-255) that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.

Question 7

Dynamic IPs

Answer 7

Allocated by a dynamic host configuration server
When a machine logs on to the network, it is given an IP number only for the period of time it is logged on.
It then surrenders that IP address when it logs off.

Question 8

Permanent/Static IP

Answer 8

Assigned to a computer by a network administrator.
Permanent identifier of a computer using Internet Protocol over to communicate over a network

Question 9

TRANSMITTING DATA WITH TCP/IP

Answer 9

TCP software breaks the document up into paragraphs called packets.
TCP puts a unique serial number – starting with 1 on the header of each packet.
This packet header also contains some other data to help with things like error detection, in case the data is damaged on its journey.

Question 10

UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR CABLES (UTP)

Answer 10

UTP cables are often referred to as Ethernet, Cat 5 or Cat 6 cables.
They contain four pairs of wires, twisted around each other like a rope to reduce interference from external sources.

Large networks in office buildings are often connected using UTP cable .
A: very reliable, but expensive to install.
D: of using built-in cabling are that if a company moves to a different location, the wiring has to be left behind, and it can be expensive to make major changes to the wiring.

Question 11

OPTICAL FIBRES

Answer 11

An optical fibre is made up of:
The core (which carries the light pulses)
The cladding (which reflects the light pulses back into the core)
The buffer coating (which protects the core and cladding from moisture and damage).

These fibres carry data encoded in light of different wavelengths or phases.

A: Can carry many different frequencies simultaneously, allowing a single fibre to carry very high rates of transmission, up to 10 million messages at any one time.

Less likely to suffer from electromagnetic interference from other electrical cables or severe weather storms.

D: More expensive

Question 12

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION

Answer 12

Communication through wireless adapters that uses radio signals to communicate.
Prone to electromagnetic interference.

Question 13

LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

Answer 13

A group of computers and network devices that are connected in one private network

Provide shared access to file servers, printers and other services.

Question 14

WIDE AREA NETWORKS

Answer 14

LANs in different locations are connected to public services such as telephone lines or the Internet.

Question 15

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS

Answer 15

Connection of WANs through private telecommunication channels or, more commonly nowadays, through the Internet to connect to LANs, through an encrypted connection.

Question 16

CLIENT–SERVER NETWORKS

Answer 16

Users work at workstations called clients and communicate with servers .

Both server and client contain specialised software installed to communicate with each

Used for larger networks to apply some levels of organisation and security.

A network administrator is in charge of restrictions

Question 17

PEER TO PEER NETWORK (P2P)

Answer 17

Network that contains only workstations with no specialised servers, with the workstations acting as both the client and server
A: Easy to set up, and the maintenance cost is relatively low. do not need special network operating systems
D: Lack of centralised control

Question 18

Standard hub

Answer 18

A network connection device used to interconnect two or more network devices.
Usually half-duplex – computers can only send or receive data at any one time

Question 19

SWITCH

Answer 19

Type of hub that allows full-duplex data transmission.
Each port is isolated from the others, so data can travel directly to its destination without colliding with other data on the media.

Question 20

ROUTER

Answer 20

A device that forwards data packets to the appropriate parts of a computer network, very optimally

Question 21

NETWORK INTERFACE CARDS

Answer 21

Hardware that connects computer wired or wirelessly to the main network access point, also to communicate with other devices on a network

Question 22

Gateway

Answer 22

device or node that joins two different types of networks together through conversion of protocol e.g. LAN to internet

Question 23

Repeater

Answer 23

A device that boosts a data signal carried on a network.

Question 24

Network bridges

Answer 24

Device that divides network into smaller parts and connects two similar networks, prevents interference of data