Issues with Quantitative data

Question 1

What is a primary outcome?

Answer 1

The main outcome for a study

Question 2

What is a secondary outcome?

Answer 2

An unintended outcome that is discovered

Question 3

What do outcomes have to be to be appropriate?

Answer 3

Meaningful, measurable, responsive, valid and reliable

Question 4

What is reliability?

Answer 4

Whether repeated measurements or assessments provide a consistent result

Question 5

What is validity?

Answer 5

Whether the measurement, process or assessment actually measures what you intend to measure

Question 6

What is internal validity?

Answer 6

Results are measuring what intended due to the way the study was conducted

Question 7

What is external validity?

Answer 7

Whether results are transferable to other groups (need external validity)

Question 8

What are the threats to internal validity?

Answer 8

History, Maturation, Testing, Instrumentation, Mortality and Selection bias

Question 9

What are the threats to external validity?

Answer 9

Selection effects, Reactive effects (hawthorne effect), measurement effects