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GCSE Computer Science > Issues (PAPER 1) > Flashcards

Issues (PAPER 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four main types of issues caused by technology

A
  • ethical issues
  • legal issues
  • cultural issues
  • environmental issues
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2
Q

What are ethical issues

A

issues related to what is considered right and wrong by society

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3
Q

What are legal issues

A

issues relating to what is right and wrong in the eyes of the law

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4
Q

What are cultural issues

A

issues about how groups of people with particular beliefs, practices and languages may be affected

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5
Q

What are environmental issues

A

issues relating to how we impact the natural world

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6
Q

What is a code of conduct

A

a set of rules that the company and its employees will follow

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7
Q

What is a stakeholder (in computing)

A

anyone with an interest in, or who may be affected by a technology

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8
Q

Why is it hard to keep information private on the Internet (4)

A
  • Many websites require users to provide personal information
  • Social media encourages people to post personal information
  • Cloud computing allows for users to upload personal files to their servers
  • Companies sell data
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9
Q

What are some ways users leak information to the public (3)

A
  • don’t change their privacy settings
  • not paying attention to T&Cs
  • Losing devices / Having them stolen
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10
Q

What is internet censorship

A

When someone tries to control what other people can access on the Internet

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11
Q

What sorts of websites are censored in countries such as China

A
  • websites critical of the government
  • major foreign websites e.g. Facebook, YouTube, Twitter
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12
Q

What are common reasons for censorship (4)

A
  • to protect children from inappropriate websites
  • to restrict the spread of fake news
  • protect national / personal security
  • maintain political stability
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13
Q

What is computer surveillance

A

When someone monitors what others are accessing on the internet

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14
Q

What sort of surveillance techniques do governments use
- why do they do this

A

Packet sniffers, other software
- looking for key words that might alert them to illegal activities, terrorism etc.

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15
Q

What does ISP stand for

A

Internet Service Providers

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16
Q

what are the terms that describe what non-profit organisations try to prevent (censorship and surveillance)

A
  • cyber censorship
  • mass surveillance
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17
Q

What are 6 groups of people that can be affected by the actions of a technology company

A
  • customers
  • owners
  • employees
  • workers of shops that sell their products
  • hardware suppliers
  • local community
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18
Q

What are three problems with many online companies’ privacy agreements

A
  • compulsory to agree to
  • vague terms
  • people often don’t read due to length
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19
Q

Why would someone give their personal details to a website

A
  • required to make an account
  • encouraged by social media
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20
Q

How has peer pressure increased due to technology

A
  • people feel pressure to own the latest devices for fear of bullying
  • parents feel pressured to buy new devices for their children
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21
Q

Why can technology cause stress

A
  • ## a device may send a notification every time a work email comes - spreads work to everyday life
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22
Q

How can technology affect mental and physical health

A
  • eyestrain
  • repetitive strain injury
  • back problems
  • lack of face-to-face social interactions
  • Cyber - bullying
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23
Q

What does RSI stand for
- what is it

A

Repetitive Strain Injury
- when parts of the body become damaged as a result of repeated movements over a long time

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24
Q

What is cyber bullying

A

when someone uses social media to deliberately harm someone else

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25
Q

What is trolling
- why is it done

A

when someone tries to cause public arguments with others
- for their own amusement or to gain attention

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26
Q

Why does anonymity increase cyberbullying and trolling

A

people are encouraged to say things they wouldn’t say face-to-face because there is no fear of being recognised

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27
Q

What is parental control software

A

software that can
- stop children from being able to search for inappropriate material
- allow the parent / organisation to see what the child is doing on their phone

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28
Q

What is sexting

A

sending sexually explicit messages or images to other people

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29
Q

Why can sexting be dangerous

A
  • the person receiving the images may not be trustworthy
  • they are able to forward these images to anyone
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30
Q

What does the word ‘viral’ mean

A

images, videos or messages on the internet which have rapidly spread over social media and seen by millions of people

31
Q

Why would an organisation / individual want a promotional campaign to be viral

A

so that it would be seen by millions of people and therefore publicised to a large audience

32
Q

What does allowing people to publish writings and media to social media and blogging websites do

A

give a voice to groups of people who may have been ignored by mainstream media

33
Q

What is the sharing economy
- what are some examples
- what are the pros and cons

A

the name given to services which use new technology to let people make money from things they already own
- Uber, Airbnb
- Cheaper
- More risky, draw customers away from larger, more trustworthy companies

34
Q

Why does the digital divide exist
- why does it put the less-fortunate at a disadvantage
- what are some causes of the digital divide

A

Because some people have a greater access to technology than others
- they can’t access many services that are available online
- poor network coverage, not enough money, older generation are inexperienced with computers

35
Q

How is the global divide created

A

by differing levels of access to technology in different countries

36
Q

How does the internet and technology increase the inequality between poorer and richer countries

A
  • access to technology is different in different countries
  • people in richer countries have better access to technology than poorer countries
  • the internet and technology has created lots of opportunities for those with access
  • therefore increasing the inequality
37
Q

What is ‘One Laptop Per Child’

A

a charity which provides laptops to children in Africa, Central Asia and South America

38
Q

What are common raw materials used in electronic devices
- what are the drawbacks of using these

A

Crude Oil (plastics)
Gold, Silver, Copper, Mercury, Palladium, Indium, Platinum

  • many of these only exist in small quantities in the earth
  • extracting these materials uses lots of energy, creates pollution
39
Q

In what way is pollution created through using electricity

A

energy is often created using non-renewable sources like coal, oil and gas.
- The energy is used to create electricity which is used in devices

40
Q

Why do servers use lots of energy

A

they are power hungry - lots of processing
- require special air - conditioned rooms

41
Q

In what ways is energy wasted by devices

A
  • servers normally only use a small portion of their processing power
  • devices are often left idle
42
Q

How can wasted energy from devices be reduced

A
  • using virtual servers instead of real machines, running multiple of these on a single physical server, server will run at full capacity
  • use sleep / hibernation modes
  • don’t leave electrical devices on standby
43
Q

What is e-waste

A

discarded electronic / electrical devices

44
Q

How much e-waste is created each year

A

20 - 50 million tonnes

45
Q

Why do modern devices have short lives before they are discarded

A
  • they break
  • people want to upgrade
46
Q

How do device manufacturers and retailers indirectly promote the production of e-waste

A
  • provide short warranties
  • marketing to convince people to upgrade
  • pricing policies that make it cheaper to replace rather than repair
47
Q

What does WEEE stand for
- Why was it created
- What does it have rules for

A

Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment
- to tackle the e-waste problem

  • disposing e-waste safely
  • promote re-use
    recycling
48
Q

What often happens to e-waste in order to cut costs
- what are the issues with this

A

it is sent to African and Asian countries where regulations are less strict
- it then ends up in landfill where toxic chemicals can leak into ground water and harm wildlife

49
Q

What does the Data Protection Act 2018 do

A

controls the use of personal data

50
Q

Who are data subjects

A

people whose personal data is stored on computer systems

51
Q

What are the 6 principles of the Data Protection Act

A
  • Data must be used only in a fair, lawful and transparent way
  • Data must be used only for the specified purpose
  • Data should be adequate, relevant and not excessive for the specified use
  • Data must be accurate and kept up to date
  • Data should not be kept longer than is necessary
  • Data should be kept safe and secure
52
Q

What must an organisation do before collecting personal data

A

register with the government, saying what data will be collected and how they will use it

53
Q

What rights does the Data Protection Act give data subjects

A

the right to see, amend and delete the personal data an organisation holds about them

54
Q

What are two exceptions to the Data Protection Act

A
  • if information could affect national security
  • if the information could affect the outcome of a court case
55
Q

What does the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act do
- why was it introduced

A

Protect innovations
- to protect intellectual property

56
Q

What content does copyright cover

A

Written or recorded content

57
Q

What does the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act make illegal

A
  • sharing copyrighted files
  • using unlicensed software
  • plagiarise someone else’s work
58
Q

What do patents cover

A

new inventions - ideas and concepts rather than actual content

59
Q

How has the internet made protecting copyrighted content harder

A
  • ease of file sharing
  • difficult to enforce
  • other countries have more relaxed copyright laws - data can be kept on servers in these countries
60
Q

What are two common ways illegal files are shared

A
  • over peer to peer networks - files are shared directly using BitTorrent protocol
  • cloud based file-hosting websites - copyrighted content is uploading and anyone with an account can see
61
Q

Why was the Computer Misuse Act 1990 introduced

A

to stop hacking and cyber crime

62
Q

What four offences did the Computer Misuse Act introduce

A
  • gaining unauthorised access to a private network or device
  • gaining unauthorised access to a network or device in order to commit a crime
  • unauthorised modification of computer material
  • make, supply or obtain malware
63
Q

What is a software license

A

an agreement that allows one or more individuals to legally use a piece of software

64
Q

What is open source software

A

when the source code is made freely available

65
Q

What are users allowed to do to Open Source Software
- what are some famous examples of this

A
  • modify the source code to create their own spin-off software
  • Apache HTTP server
  • Android (from Linux)
  • GIMP
66
Q

What are the advantages of Open Source Software

A
  • usually free
  • made for good, not profit
  • can be adapted to fit user needs
  • wide pool of collaborators
  • reliable and secure - problems are solved quickly by community
67
Q

What are the disadvantages of Open Source Software

A
  • small projects may not get regular updates - buggy, unpatched
  • limited user documentation
  • no warranties
  • no customer support
68
Q

What is source code

A

actual programming code behind the software - shows exactly how the software was made

69
Q

What is proprietary software

A

software where only the compiled code is released

70
Q

What is compiled code

A

the final file that doesn’t say how the program was made

71
Q

What do proprietary software licenses often restrict

A
  • modification
  • copying
  • redistribution

of the software

72
Q

What are the advantages of proprietary software

A
  • comes with warranties, documentation and customer support
  • well tested and reliable
  • cheaper for companies
73
Q

What are the disadvantages of proprietary software

A
  • expensive for users
  • software may not exactly fit a user’s needs
  • companies may not maintain older software after warranties expire
74
Q

What is intellectual property

A

anything that someone has created

GCSE Computer Science (7 decks)

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