ISSUES IN THE LEADERSHIP STRUGGLE

Question 1

WHAT WAS THE LEFT SIDED VEIW ON THE NEP AND INDUSTRIALISATION

Answer 1

• led by trotsky
• zinoviev and kamanev wanted to abandon the NEP in favour of a state controlled rapid industralisation funded by squeezing the peasants

Question 2

WHAT WAS STALIN’S VEIW ON THE NEP AND INDUSTRIALISATION

Answer 2

• attitude was inconsistent
• during his struggle against trotsky he opposed the left and supported the NEP
• once trotsky no longer the threat, in 1928-29 he shifted to a policy of replacing the NEP with rapid industrailisation and the collectivisation of agriculture

Question 3

WHAT WAS THE RIGHT SIDED VEIW ON THE NEP AND INDUSTRIALISATION

Answer 3

• led by bukarin, rykov and tomsky beleived the NEP should continue with peasants becoming richer and the state using taxes on the peasants to fund gradual industrialisation

Question 4

WHO ARGUED FOR A PERMANENT REVOLUTION AND WHY

Answer 4

• Trotsky and the left
• belived ussr could not survive on its own without support from other socialist countries so revolution must be constantly encouraged in europe to make sure this support was fostered
• lenin had made this argument many times and stalin had written about it to

Question 5

WHO ARGUED FOR THE SOCIALISM IN ONE COUNTRY APPROACH AND WHY

Answer 5

• stalin
• ‘the ussr could build socialism on its own without needing the support of other socialist states
• stalin referenced old lenin article staing that one country could show the world the benifits of socialism and workers would then rush to support that country and rise up in revolutions of their own countries

Question 6

WHEN WAS LENINS FUNERAL AND WHAT HAPPENED

Answer 6

• jan 1924
• stalin used his powers as general secretary to make the most of trotskys absence ( who was recovering from the flu)
• he took charge of arranging lenins funeral and styled himself as lenins deciple

Question 7

WHY AND WHEN WERE TROTSKYS CRITICISMS OF THE PARTYS BEAURACRACY REJECTED AT THE PARTY CONGRESS

Answer 7

• may 1924
• as general secretary stalins control over the appointments to the central commitee meant the congress was filled with his supporters, trotsky was voted down

Question 8

IN OCT 1924 WHY DID TROTSKY CRITCISE KAMANEVE AND ZINOVIEV

Answer 8

• for not backing Lenin
• Stalin stayed on the left as the criticism weakened his rivals while he appeared moderate and brought in more supporters to the central committee

Question 9

WHAT HAPPENED AT THE 14TH PARTY CONRGESS IN DEC 1924

Answer 9

• kamanev and zinoviev citicise stalin for his move to the right and support for the NEP
• stalins support meant that every vote at the congress went against kamanev and zinoviev
• so stalins socialism in one country became very popular
• stalin and bukarin formed an alliance known as the duumvirate, they largely ran country between 26-27

Question 10

WHAT WAS THE UNITED OPPOSITON

Answer 10

• formed by kamanev, zinoviev and trotsky
• howver when they tried to organise demostrations against Stalin he was able to acuse them of factionalism (banned by lenin in 1921)

Question 11

WHEN AND WHY WERE KAMENEV, ZONOVIEV AND TROTSKY EXPELLED FROM THE PARTY

Answer 11

• NOVEM 1927

- 15th party congress stalins supporteres cofirmed the explusion of the three along with a hundred more oppositionists

Question 12

EXPLAIN THE GRAIN PROCUREMENT CRIS IN 1928

Answer 12

• Lack of grain
• food shortages had begun in 27 and it was hard for the peasants to get enough grain from the peasants
• critcism of nep began to increase within party, stalin split from bukarin and used harsh requisition methods for getting grain from peasnats in western siberbia

Question 13

HOW DID BUKARIN WEAKEN HIS POWER IN APRIL 1928

Answer 13

• criticsed the excesses of officials follwing stalins methods
• he expected some support but recieved none so left isolated and vunerable to stalin’s attacks

Question 14

WHO WAS EXPEELED FROM THE POLITUBURO IN NOV 1929

Answer 14

• Bukharin, rykov and tomsky
• stalins supporters were bolstered by opponents of the NEP from the left of the party
• agreed to remove bukharin from the from the politburo (he had made a strong defence of the NEP at the fifteenth party congress in 1927)

Question 15

WHAT WAS THE OUTCOME FOR CONTENDERS IN THE POWER STRUGGLES

Answer 15

• after they were expelled from party in 1927 for factionalism, kamanev and zinoviev crticised their past actions and were allowed to rejoin the party in 1928, however they lost their high places in the politburo
• Trotsky refused to do this an was exiled, deported in 1929, murdered in Mexico in 1940 under stalins orders
• bukarin rykov and tomsky alloowed to stay in party after admitting their mistakes
• bukarin, kamanev and zinoviev and rykov all executed after show trials were held against them in the late 1930s
• Tomsky commited suicide beofre he could be put in the same ordeal