Issues in Crop Production Flashcards
81.26% of agricultural land are devoted for traditional crops in the Philppines
Higher value crops greater market expansion potential and market value than traditional crops
Low Diversification of crops
R.A 7900 - HIGH VALUE CROP DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1995
“An act to promote the production, processing, marketing, and distribution of high- value crops, providing funds therefore, and for other purposes.”
Low Value of Crops
39% of the farmers did not have access to formal credit
Limited access to credit and agricultural insurance
What agency is responsible for agricultural insurance to farmers?
Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation
Philippines is 1.23 horsepower per hectare farm mechanization level in 2012 compared to Asian countries like Japan which have 7.00 HP/ha, south Korea with 4.11 HP/ha, china with 4.10 HP/ha.
Low farm mechanization and inadequate post harvest facilities
Philippines is 1.23 horsepower per hectare farm mechanization level in 2012 compared to Asian countries like Japan which have 7.00 HP/ha, south Korea with 4.11 HP/ha, china with 4.10 HP/ha.
Low farm mechanization and inadequate post harvest facilities
*Of 13.508 M agricultural land, 3.3 M is consider as irrigatable up to 3% slope (NIA)
*In 2018, of 3.1 M irrigatable areas, 61% areas were served by irrigation facilities
*In rice production, main source of irrigation come from National Irrigation Authority (39%) and rainwater (20%) or that more than half of the total irrigation source.
*1.2 M hectare remaining to be develop
Inadequate Irrigation
The DOST, in consultation with government and private research and development institutions, the academe, industry, and other concerned agencies, prepared the Harmonized National Research and development to ensure that results of S&T endeavors are geared towards and are utilized in areas of maximum economic and social benefit for the people.
Scant support for research and development
The Harmonized National Research and Development Agenda (HNRDA) is divided into 5 sectors. What are these?
*National Integrated Basic Research Agenda (NIBRA)
*Health
*Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources (AANR)
*Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology
*Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation ( DRR CCA)
The HArmonized National Research and Development Agenda is aligned with AmBisyon Natin 2040, and is founded on the 3 pillars of ______, ________, _________.
Malasakit (enhancing the social fabric), Pagbabago (reducing inequality) and Kaunlaran (increasing potential growth)
- Total number of R&D personnel is 10,277
- 24% or 2,480 are researchers in agricultural science
- 1,283 (52%) are in the government
- 47.8% worked in the public (1,145) and private HEI’s (41)
- 11 researchers (0.44) are in private non-profit organization
- Philippines has a ratio of 188 of R&D personnel per million population in 2013 but the UNESCO required to have 330 R&D personnel per million population.
Low number of researchers/scientist
Deforestation and Overgrazing
25 billion tons of top soil/year are lost
Soil Degradation
- Farms discharge large quantities of agrochemicals, organic matter, drug residues, sediments and saline drainage into water bodies.
*Agriculture, which accounts for 70 percent of water withdrawals worldwide, plays a major role in water pollution. - Despite data gaps, 415 coastal areas have been identified experiencing eutrophication.
Water Degradation
The most common chemical containment in the world’s groundwater aquifers.
Nitrate
It is caused by accumulation of nutrients in lakes and coastal waters impacts biodiversity and fisheries.
Eutrophication
Adverse impacts such as flooding incidence, drought soil Degradation, water shortage and increase pest and diseases constantly threaten agricultural output and productivity.
This will have an adverse effect on the agriculture sector especially on crop production sector.
Climate change and natural resources degradation
- Due to decentralization of Agricultural Extension Service
- It hampers diffusion and adoption of recommended farm
practices and technologies
This attributed to:
* Inadequate operational fund
* Lack of human resources
* Ageing number of extension workers (43 to 64 years old)
Weak Extension Services
- Average age of Filipino farmers: 57 years old
- Filipino life expectancy: Male 67 years; female 75.3 year (Knoema, 2017)
- Average life expectancy of a Filipino: 71 years (Knoema, 2017)
- Survival rate of male Filipino at 65 years old: 64.8%
- Survival rate of female Filipino at 65 years old: 79.4%
- Ten years from now our number of farmers will drastically decline and today few young generations are interested in Agriculture.
Ageing Filipino Farmers
Other Issues
- Uncontrolled importation of agricultural products
Caused by low domestic production
Unscrupulous traders - Hoarding of produce
Unscrupulous traders hoard PRODUCTS like onions, garlic and sugar to create temporary supply shortage
Result is increase market PRICES for selected commodities
Tariffication law is not added
