Issues And Debates

Question 1

How many issues and debates are there?

Answer 1

11 - fucks sake

Question 2

(Ethical issues in research)

What are the ethical issues in human research

Answer 2

PICWDDO

Question 3

(Ethical issues in research)

What are the ethical issues in animal research

Answer 3

Silly
Nicom
Poops
Constantly
Date
Oversized
Cunts

Replace
Reduce refine

Question 4

(Practical issues in design and implementation of research)

What are they?

Answer 4

Who
What
Where
How 
When

GRV

Question 5

(Reductionism in the explanation of behaviour)

What is reductionism

Answer 5

The idea of breaking down a complex phenomenon into simpler components

Question 6

(Reductionism in the explanation of behaviour)

What is holism

Answer 6

The idea that parts of something can never add up to the whole thing because the whole thing is more than just the constituent parts -> it is also how the parts interact

Question 7

(Reductionism in the explanation of behaviour)

Is reductionist bad?

Answer 7

Yes,

Don’t understand the whole complexity of the issue

No,

Considered more scientific

Question 8

(Comparisons of ways of explaining different behaviour using different themes)

What are different themes?

Answer 8

Essentially different explanations for the same thing
SIT and RCT for prejudice
Brain explanation/hormonal etc

Question 9

(Psychology as a Science)

What is nomothetic and does that make something scientific?

Answer 9

Nomothetic is seeking to establish general laws in order to make predictions based on statements of cause and effect relationship

Yes it is scientific

Question 10

(Psychology as a Science)

Is Psychology always nomothetic

Answer 10

No sometimes it can be ideographic - study of unique individuals e.g. CSBDP

Question 11

(Psychology as a science)

Is a science reductionist

If so why?

Answer 11

Yes,

As scientific research states a hypothesis must be tested by operationalising the variables to be measured and thus a part must be measured and not the whole

Question 12

(Psychology as a science)

What is empirical evidence? Why is it scientific?

Answer 12

Data that is collected in an objective and unbiased way - so like quantitative

Question 13

(Psychology as a Science)

What is the hypothetico deductive model

Answer 13

Prediction
Operationalised alternative and null hypothesis
Conduct experiment
Conduct statistical test on data

Either accept alternative and theory supported
OR
Null hypothesis confirmed and theory needs to be altered and retested

Question 14

(Psychology as a Science)

What is falsifiability

Answer 14

For something to be scientific it must be able to be proven false

Question 15

(Psychology as a Science)

What is a scientific paradigm

Why may psychology not be considered a single paradigm

Answer 15

A scientific paradigm is a framework containing all of the commonly accepted views about a subject

Psychology may be considered multi paradigmatic as it has multiple approaches

Question 16

(Cultural and Gender issues in Psychological Research)

Definition of culture

Answer 16

The shared social norms and beliefs held within a certain society

Question 17

(Culture and gender issues in psychological research)

Definition of gender

Answer 17

Can be seen as something learned in culture (different cultural norms for different genders (Fiji vs America)) and can be related to nurture

However, gender can link to biological sex which comes from genes, so there are elements of nature and nurture in gender

Question 18

(The role of both nature and nurture in psychology)

What is nature

Answer 18

Biological factors - it is what we’re born with

Hard wired behaviours

Question 19

(The role of both nature and nurture in Psychology)

What is nurture

Answer 19

Behaviours that we have learn through our environment and something we are not born with but have learned through interacting with others and our environment

Question 20

(An understanding of how Psychological knowledge has developed over time)

Who set up the first psychology laboratory

Answer 20

Wundt in 1879

Question 21

(An understanding of how psychological knowledge has developed over time)

How has collection of data changed and why?

Also around what era did psychological studies increase

Answer 21

Introspection (Wundt)
Observation from Behaviourism
Brain scans tings

Due to increases in technology

Post World Wars

Question 22

(The use of psychological knowledge in society)

How’s it good

Answer 22

Prejudice reduction (social)

Help dyslexia and dementia (cognitive)

Identify those who have brain abnormalities and potentially alter brain function (biological)

Treatments for phobias (learning)

Treatments in clinical and helping people understand their disorder which can build confidence

Question 23

(The use of psychological knowledge in social control)

Definition of social control

Answer 23

The regulation of people’s behaviour for social purposes

Question 24

(The use of psychological knowledge in social control)

How can it be used

Answer 24

Social psychology (token economies)

Classic conditioning (learning)
Aversion therapy
Systematic desensitisation

Clinical is a nice one -> assessing how far people are away from the ‘norm’ then using drugs to bring them back to the norm

Question 25

(Issues relating to socially sensitive research)

What is socially sensitive research

Answer 25

Research that has negative implications for participants and or the group they represent beyond the study itself

Also negative implications on the reputation of psychology

Question 26

(Issues relating to socially sensitive research)

E.g. Raine

Answer 26

Studying brains of murderers are we potentially excusing violent crimes