Issues And Debates Flashcards
How many issues and debates are there?
11 - fucks sake
(Ethical issues in research)
What are the ethical issues in human research
PICWDDO
(Ethical issues in research)
What are the ethical issues in animal research
Silly Nicom Poops Constantly Date Oversized Cunts
Replace
Reduce refine
(Practical issues in design and implementation of research)
What are they?
Who What Where How When
GRV
(Reductionism in the explanation of behaviour)
What is reductionism
The idea of breaking down a complex phenomenon into simpler components
(Reductionism in the explanation of behaviour)
What is holism
The idea that parts of something can never add up to the whole thing because the whole thing is more than just the constituent parts -> it is also how the parts interact
(Reductionism in the explanation of behaviour)
Is reductionist bad?
Yes,
Don’t understand the whole complexity of the issue
No,
Considered more scientific
(Comparisons of ways of explaining different behaviour using different themes)
What are different themes?
Essentially different explanations for the same thing
SIT and RCT for prejudice
Brain explanation/hormonal etc
(Psychology as a Science)
What is nomothetic and does that make something scientific?
Nomothetic is seeking to establish general laws in order to make predictions based on statements of cause and effect relationship
Yes it is scientific
(Psychology as a Science)
Is Psychology always nomothetic
No sometimes it can be ideographic - study of unique individuals e.g. CSBDP
(Psychology as a science)
Is a science reductionist
If so why?
Yes,
As scientific research states a hypothesis must be tested by operationalising the variables to be measured and thus a part must be measured and not the whole
(Psychology as a science)
What is empirical evidence? Why is it scientific?
Data that is collected in an objective and unbiased way - so like quantitative
(Psychology as a Science)
What is the hypothetico deductive model
Prediction
Operationalised alternative and null hypothesis
Conduct experiment
Conduct statistical test on data
Either accept alternative and theory supported
OR
Null hypothesis confirmed and theory needs to be altered and retested
(Psychology as a Science)
What is falsifiability
For something to be scientific it must be able to be proven false
(Psychology as a Science)
What is a scientific paradigm
Why may psychology not be considered a single paradigm
A scientific paradigm is a framework containing all of the commonly accepted views about a subject
Psychology may be considered multi paradigmatic as it has multiple approaches
(Cultural and Gender issues in Psychological Research)
Definition of culture
The shared social norms and beliefs held within a certain society
(Culture and gender issues in psychological research)
Definition of gender
Can be seen as something learned in culture (different cultural norms for different genders (Fiji vs America)) and can be related to nurture
However, gender can link to biological sex which comes from genes, so there are elements of nature and nurture in gender
(The role of both nature and nurture in psychology)
What is nature
Biological factors - it is what we’re born with
Hard wired behaviours
(The role of both nature and nurture in Psychology)
What is nurture
Behaviours that we have learn through our environment and something we are not born with but have learned through interacting with others and our environment
(An understanding of how Psychological knowledge has developed over time)
Who set up the first psychology laboratory
Wundt in 1879
(An understanding of how psychological knowledge has developed over time)
How has collection of data changed and why?
Also around what era did psychological studies increase
Introspection (Wundt)
Observation from Behaviourism
Brain scans tings
Due to increases in technology
Post World Wars
(The use of psychological knowledge in society)
How’s it good
Prejudice reduction (social)
Help dyslexia and dementia (cognitive)
Identify those who have brain abnormalities and potentially alter brain function (biological)
Treatments for phobias (learning)
Treatments in clinical and helping people understand their disorder which can build confidence
(The use of psychological knowledge in social control)
Definition of social control
The regulation of people’s behaviour for social purposes
(The use of psychological knowledge in social control)
How can it be used
Social psychology (token economies)
Classic conditioning (learning)
Aversion therapy
Systematic desensitisation
Clinical is a nice one -> assessing how far people are away from the ‘norm’ then using drugs to bring them back to the norm
(Issues relating to socially sensitive research)
What is socially sensitive research
Research that has negative implications for participants and or the group they represent beyond the study itself
Also negative implications on the reputation of psychology
(Issues relating to socially sensitive research)
E.g. Raine
Studying brains of murderers are we potentially excusing violent crimes
