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paper 3 psych > issues and debates > Flashcards

issues and debates Flashcards

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1
Q

Ethical guidelines definition

A

principles set by BPS to help psychologists behave honestly and with integrity

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2
Q

Ethical issues definition

A

arise when conflict exists between the rights of the participants and the goads or researchers to produce valid data

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3
Q

Ethical implications definition

A

impact of psychological research on other people and participants

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4
Q

social sensitivity definiton

A

studies where there are potential consequences for participants or individuals represented by research

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5
Q

Evidence for ethical implications

A

milgram-participants were deceived

bowlby’s-make mothers feel guilty for working after having child

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6
Q

evidence for social sensitivity

A

milgram - people obeyed orders they didn’t want to follow

bowlby’s- make mothers guilty

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7
Q

What did Sieber and Stanley(1988) study?

A

4 aspects of scientific research that raise ethical implication in socially sensitive research

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8
Q

4 aspects of Sieber and Stanley

A

-research question
-methodology used
- institutional context
interpretation and application of finding

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9
Q

Ethical implications positives

  • SS research benefit society
  • legal system positives
A
  • Sandra scare argues that SS research promotes better understanding of underrepresented groups - e.g. culture bias on schizophrenia diagnosis (voices in head in Africa) - encourages acceptance
  • prevent miscarriages of justice in legal system - Ronald Cotton EWT research shows unreliability if not socially sensitive
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10
Q

Ethical implications negatives

-psychologists research

A

-psychologists need to be free to carry out important research - problematic if governments set laws stopping some research e.g. race-related research - research can be stopped for political reasons - mindful of SS research benefits outweighing costs

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11
Q

free will definition

A

humans can make choices that and are not determined by biological or external forces

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12
Q

how does humanistic approach link to free will?

A

free will doesnt deny biological and environmental forces but we are able to reject these for our own denstiny

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13
Q

determinism definition

A

an individual behaviour is shaped or controlled by internal or external forces rather than an individual will to do something

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14
Q

hard determinism definiton

A

free will isnt possible

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15
Q

soft determinism

A

behaviour can be determined by our conscious thoughts

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16
Q

biological determinism definition

A

behaviours is caused by biologism influences that we can’t control

17
Q

examples of biological determinism

A

ANS during stress and anxiety

18
Q

environmental determinism definition

A

behaviour is caused by features of the environment that we can’t control

19
Q

examples of environmental determinism

A

parents
schools
government

20
Q

psychic determinism definiton

A

behaviour is caused by unconscious conflict la that we cannot control

21
Q

psychic determinism examples

A

‘slip of the tongue’

22
Q

Determinism Strength

  • consistent with science aims
  • soft determinism
A
  • hard= behaviour obeys laws - places psychology on same level as other sciences - behaviour can be predicted + controlled = treatments + therapies
  • e.g. SLT = key environmental factors but fee to choose some things - interactionist may. be better which is a compromise
23
Q

determinism limitation

- legal system position

A
  • for offenders to be held accountable they have to have had free will to choose to do the crime = determinism has no real world application
24
Q

free will strength

-practical application

A

-every day life - face validity - research says internal = better mental health suggests more free will = positive behaviour impact

25
Q

Free will limitation

-brain scan

A
  • libet et al 1983
  • participants chose random moment to flick wrist while measured brain activity
  • participants said when they felt conscious movement
  • unconscious came half a second before conscious
  • showing most basic experiences or free will are actually determined by brain
26
Q

biological definiton

A

focus on hereditary, hormones and chemicals through the interaction with the environment is acknowledged

27
Q

psychodynamic definiton

A

basic instinct drives such as sec and aggression drive behaviour but relationship with parents also important

28
Q

cognitive definiton

A

innate info processing ability’s are constantly refined by experience

29
Q

humanistic definiton

A

accepts the influence of basic physiological needs but the focus is on the persons experience of their own environment

30
Q

behaviourist definition

A

mind is blank slate

behaviour determined by learning

31
Q

idiographic approach definition

A
  • individual personal experiences

- studies people independently

31
Q

idiographic methods

A
  • qualitative to allow insight into individual behaviour

- insight into unique ways of viewing world

31
Q

idiographic approach examples

A

-humanistic approach/psychologist
not finding general laws
-rogers and maslow (documenting conscious experience of individual)
-

32
Q

Nomothetic approach definition

A
  • general laws based on study of large groups
  • statistical techniques to analyse data
  • allow future behaviour predicted
33
Q

nomothetic approach methods

A
  • quantitative /scientific

- easier for comparison

34
Q

nomothetic approach example

A
  • behaviourism -skinner rats-laws of learning
  • cog-lab experiments
  • biological-loc of functions generalisiation
37
Q

idiographic approach combo whopper

-individuality leading to lack of generalisability

A

-complete account of individual
-HM- LTM evidence of different brain areas
HOWEVER
-idio supporters still recognise restricted nature of their work
-generalisations not made as not enough examples to compare behaviour to
- most concepts developed from individual studies such as little hans which can’t be generalised
-rely on interpretation leading to bias

38
Q

nomothetic approach combo whopper

-scientific = not human enough

A

-more scientific from group data
-tests under standardised conditions
-enable typical behaviours to be established like - IQ average 100- psych scientific credibility
HOWEVER
-doesn’t include individual experiences
-e,g 1% risk in schizophrenia development tells us little about what the experience is like -overlooks human experience

39
Q

idio and nomo hamburger

-both perspective

A
  • both perspectives
  • gender development research (sandra bern androgens scale) to establish patterns
  • goal of modern psych to provide description of behaviour

paper 3 psych (4 decks)

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