Issue 3 PPQs

Question 1

William Wallace and Scottish Resistance

Answer 1

• Wallace in South-West Scotland - killed English Sherrif of Lanark, William Heselrig, William Orm
• Andrew Moray in NE 1297 - family flag, guerilla campaign, garisson north of Dundee
• Stirling Bridge - won despite odds
• Appointed Guards of Scotland -
• Wallace led army at Falkrirk - resitance persisted after Falkirk e.g Wallace in France
• belived Wallace travelled to the court of Philip IV of France and later to Rome on diplomatic missions
• the Guardians governed most of Scotland in the name of King John.
• by the summer of 1304 most of the Scottish nobles had surrendered to Edward
• Bruce continued to play a part in the Scottish resistance until 1302, while Comyn continued to resist until his surrender in 1304
• Wallace resisted the English until his betrayal and death in 1305.

Question 2

Stirling Bridge

Answer 2

• Murray and Wallace used guerrilla tactics at Stirling, outmanoeuvring the combined forces of John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey and Hugh de
  Cressingham
• recovery of Scottish castles across central and southern Scotland by Wallace
• Wallace led an attack into northern England, taking plunder and blackmail from the English
• Wallace and Murray used the Lubeck Letter as part of their political diplomacy
• despite the overwhelming odds at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, 11th September 1297, Wallace (and Murray) defeated a superior English
  army
• divisions among the nobility remained from the succession problems. This weakened Wallace’s position.
  *

Question 3

Reasons For The Succession Crisis

Answer 3

• Death of Alexander - All of kids had died before him which left Scotland without an obvious heir to the throne.
• Disunity amongst the Guardians -
• Threat of Civil War - 1st time: Bruce unhappy about Margaret, gathered a force and took castles. 2nd: Scotland unstable after death of Margaret. Guradins ask for help.
• The Treaty of Salisbury - This meant Margaret couldn’t marry anyone without Edward’s approval.
• The Treaty of Birgham - Assured Scotland that they could be independent but ensured Edward was in control through marriage between M and EII. When M died, allowed E to decare treaty useless.
• The Death of Margaret - Scotland had no direct heir to throne, Guardians look to E for help, E took advantage of the opportunity.
• The Great Cause - Meant E chose next king and used this to take power in Scotland. He increased the no. of claimants from 2 to 13 which prolonged the process.
• Edward as Overlord - E refused to help until he was accepted as overlord. Toom army with him, threatend them, etc.

Question 4

Subjugation Of Scotland