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ISS Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of the planets of the solar system with increasing distance from the Sun?

A

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

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2
Q

What is the SI unit of temperature?

A

The kelvin K

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3
Q

How many degrees Celcius are in 0 K?

A

0 K = -273 oC

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4
Q

What is the equation for density?

A

density = mass/volume

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5
Q

What is the unit of density?

A

Kilogram per metre cubed
kg/m^3

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6
Q

What is the relationship between craters and surface age?

A

An old surface is heavily cratered. A young surface will have fewer craters and most likely will have undergone some kind of resurfacing

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7
Q

Which planet often appears in the sky an hour or two before dawn or after sunset as a bright star-like object?

A

Venus

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8
Q

What are the clouds of Venus composed of?

A

Droplets of sulphuric acid

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9
Q

What is the radius of Mercury?
(Nearest 1000)

A

2440 km
(2000 km)

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10
Q

What is the radius of Venus?
(Nearest 1000)

A

6052 km
(6000 km)

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11
Q

What is the radius of Mars?
(Nearest 1000)

A

3390 km
(3000 km)

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12
Q

What is the radius of Earth?
(Nearest 1000)

A

6371 km
(6000 km)

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13
Q

What is the radius of Jupiter?
(Nearest 1000)

A

69910 km
(70000 km)

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14
Q

What is the radius of Saturn?
(Nearest 1000)

A

58230 km
(58000 km)

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15
Q

What is the radius of Uranus?
(Nearest 1000)

A

25360 km
(25000 km)

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16
Q

What is the radius of Neptune?
(Nearest 1000)

A

24620 km
(25000 km)

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17
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Mercury in AU?

A

0.39 AU

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18
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Venus in AU?

A

0.72 AU

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19
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Earth in AU?

A

1 AU

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20
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of the Moon in AU?

A

1 AU

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21
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Mars in AU?

A

1.52 AU

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22
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Jupiter in AU?

A

5.20 AU

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23
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Saturn in AU?

A

9.54 AU

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24
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Uranus in AU?

A

19.19 AU

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25
What is the orbital semimajor axis of Neptune in AU?
30.07 AU
26
What is the orbital semimajor axis of Pluto in AU?
39.48 AU
27
What is the surface of Mercury like?
Heavily cratered with areas of volcanic resurfacing.
28
What sort of temperatures can be expected on the surface of Mercury? In sunlight and darkness.
In sunlight: 740 K In darkness: 80 K
29
What is the most common resurfacing mechanism?
Volcanism, lava flows from volcanoes and covers the old terrain.
30
What is the surface temperature of Venus?
670 K
31
How many times the surface pressure of the Earth is the surface pressure of Venus?
Around 100 times.
32
What is the main component of the atmosphere of Venus?
Carbon Dioxide 97%
33
What are the major components of the atmosphere of the Earth?
Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Water Vapour Argon
34
What is the mean temperature at the Earth's surface?
288 K
35
What is synchronous rotation?
When an orbiting body's rotation period matches its orbital period.
36
What is Valles Marineris?
A 4000 km long canyon system on Mars.
37
What is Olympus Mons?
A volcano on Mars that is both the largest on Mars and in the Solar System.
38
What is the atmospheric pressure on Mars?
About 0.006 times that of the Earth.
39
What is the main component of the atmosphere of Mars?
Carbon Dioxide 95%
40
What envirmonment on Earth is similar to the surface of Mars?
Deserts
41
What is the mean temperature of the surface of Mars?
223 K
42
What are the names of Mars' moons?
Phobos Deimos
43
What is the potential origin of the moons of Mars?
Asteroids captured by the gravitational influence of Mars.
44
What is regolith?
A fine dust of rock.
45
Where is the asteroid belt located?
Between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
46
What are the main components of Jupiter?
Hydrogen Helium
47
What is the temperature at the cloud top level of Jupiter?
120 K
48
What is the temperature at a 10000 km depth into Jupiter?
6000 K
49
What is the temperature at the core of Jupiter?
16000 K
50
What is the surface of Io like?
It is covered in volcanoes.
51
What is the primary method of energy generation on Io?
Tidal heating.
52
What is the surface of Europa like?
Icy and covered in cracks.
53
What part of Europa is believed to harbour primitive life?
Beneath the icy crust is a subsurface ocean of liquid water.
54
What mechanism resurfaces the surface of Europa?
Cryovolcanism
55
What are the surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede like?
Both are heavily cratered suggesting that the surfaces are ancient.
56
What is the largest moon in the Solar System?
Ganymede, a moon of Jupiter.
57
What main feature of the surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede suggests they are ancient bodies?
They are both heavily cratered.
58
What is the radius of Callisto? (Nearest 1000)
2403 km (2000 km)
59
What is the radius of Ganymede? (Nearest 1000)
2634 km (3000 km)
60
What are the rings of Saturn composed of?
Ice particles and boulders between a centimetre and a few metres.
61
How many moons does Saturn have?
At least 82
62
What are the seven major moons of Saturn? Hint: MTEDRIT
Mimas Titan Enceladus Dione Rhea Iapetus Tethys
63
What feature makes Enceladus a target in the search for life?
It has a subsurface global ocean.
64
What is an oddity about Uranus?
Its spin axis is tilted over 98 degrees from the vertical.
65
What is the primary impact of Uranus's axial tilt?
One pole points towards the Sun for a long time and the resultant heating drives atmospheric movement.
66
How many moons does Uranus have?
At least 27
67
What are the five major moons of Uranus? Hint: MAUTO
Miranda Ariel Umbriel Titania Oberon
68
How many moons does Neptune have?
At least 14
69
What are the three largest moons of Neptune? Hint: PTN
Proteus Triton Nereid
70
What is the Kuiper Belt?
A region beyond Neptune filled with small objects such as dwarf planets.
71
What are the three main features of the surface of Pluto?
Mountains, fractures, and impact craters.
72
What is Pluto's "bedrock" composed of?
Water ice
73
What is a comet?
A small body usually made of ice with a distinctive tail of dust and ice particles.
74
What is a protoplanetary disc?
A rotating cloud of dust and gases orbiting a young star that will go on to form planets.
75
What is accretion?
A process where grains of dust and ice stick together to form larger objects.
76
What is a planetisimal?
Accreted objects between several metres and several kilometres across.
77
What is a planetary embryo?
A body formed from planetisimals that have stuck together.
78
Why do rocky/metallic bodies form close to a star whilst icy bodies form further out?
The protoplanetary disc is much hotter in its interior than its exterior, ices can't exist in the hotter area.
79
What is an astronomical unit?
1 AU is roughly equivalent to the distance from the Earth to the centre of the Sun. It is 150 000 000 km or 150 000 000 000 m.
80
What is the ecliptic plane when relating to the Solar System?
The plane, which all of the planets and Kuiper Belt objects orbit near to in relation to the Sun.
81
Can minor bodies (comets, asteroids, kuiper belt objects) be found in the whole Solar System?
Yes, minor bodies can be found throughout the Solar System.
82
What is the Oort Cloud?
A cloud of comets that surrounds the Solar System at a distance of up to hundreds of thousands of AU.

S283 (4 decks)

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