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S283 > ISS Chapter 1 > Flashcards

ISS Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of the planets of the solar system with increasing distance from the Sun?

A

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

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2
Q

What is the SI unit of temperature?

A

The kelvin K

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3
Q

How many degrees Celcius are in 0 K?

A

0 K = -273 oC

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4
Q

What is the equation for density?

A

density = mass/volume

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5
Q

What is the unit of density?

A

Kilogram per metre cubed
kg/m^3

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6
Q

What is the relationship between craters and surface age?

A

An old surface is heavily cratered. A young surface will have fewer craters and most likely will have undergone some kind of resurfacing

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7
Q

Which planet often appears in the sky an hour or two before dawn or after sunset as a bright star-like object?

A

Venus

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8
Q

What are the clouds of Venus composed of?

A

Droplets of sulphuric acid

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9
Q

What is the radius of Mercury?
(Nearest 1000)

A

2440 km
(2000 km)

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10
Q

What is the radius of Venus?
(Nearest 1000)

A

6052 km
(6000 km)

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11
Q

What is the radius of Mars?
(Nearest 1000)

A

3390 km
(3000 km)

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12
Q

What is the radius of Earth?
(Nearest 1000)

A

6371 km
(6000 km)

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13
Q

What is the radius of Jupiter?
(Nearest 1000)

A

69910 km
(70000 km)

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14
Q

What is the radius of Saturn?
(Nearest 1000)

A

58230 km
(58000 km)

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15
Q

What is the radius of Uranus?
(Nearest 1000)

A

25360 km
(25000 km)

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16
Q

What is the radius of Neptune?
(Nearest 1000)

A

24620 km
(25000 km)

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17
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Mercury in AU?

A

0.39 AU

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18
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Venus in AU?

A

0.72 AU

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19
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Earth in AU?

A

1 AU

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20
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of the Moon in AU?

A

1 AU

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21
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Mars in AU?

A

1.52 AU

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22
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Jupiter in AU?

A

5.20 AU

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23
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Saturn in AU?

A

9.54 AU

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24
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Uranus in AU?

A

19.19 AU

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25
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Neptune in AU?

A

30.07 AU

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26
Q

What is the orbital semimajor axis of Pluto in AU?

A

39.48 AU

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27
Q

What is the surface of Mercury like?

A

Heavily cratered with areas of volcanic resurfacing.

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28
Q

What sort of temperatures can be expected on the surface of Mercury?
In sunlight and darkness.

A

In sunlight: 740 K
In darkness: 80 K

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29
Q

What is the most common resurfacing mechanism?

A

Volcanism, lava flows from volcanoes and covers the old terrain.

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30
Q

What is the surface temperature of Venus?

A

670 K

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31
Q

How many times the surface pressure of the Earth is the surface pressure of Venus?

A

Around 100 times.

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32
Q

What is the main component of the atmosphere of Venus?

A

Carbon Dioxide 97%

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33
Q

What are the major components of the atmosphere of the Earth?

A

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Water Vapour
Argon

34
Q

What is the mean temperature at the Earth’s surface?

A

288 K

35
Q

What is synchronous rotation?

A

When an orbiting body’s rotation period matches its orbital period.

36
Q

What is Valles Marineris?

A

A 4000 km long canyon system on Mars.

37
Q

What is Olympus Mons?

A

A volcano on Mars that is both the largest on Mars and in the Solar System.

38
Q

What is the atmospheric pressure on Mars?

A

About 0.006 times that of the Earth.

39
Q

What is the main component of the atmosphere of Mars?

A

Carbon Dioxide 95%

40
Q

What envirmonment on Earth is similar to the surface of Mars?

A

Deserts

41
Q

What is the mean temperature of the surface of Mars?

A

223 K

42
Q

What are the names of Mars’ moons?

A

Phobos
Deimos

43
Q

What is the potential origin of the moons of Mars?

A

Asteroids captured by the gravitational influence of Mars.

44
Q

What is regolith?

A

A fine dust of rock.

45
Q

Where is the asteroid belt located?

A

Between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

46
Q

What are the main components of Jupiter?

A

Hydrogen
Helium

47
Q

What is the temperature at the cloud top level of Jupiter?

A

120 K

48
Q

What is the temperature at a 10000 km depth into Jupiter?

A

6000 K

49
Q

What is the temperature at the core of Jupiter?

A

16000 K

50
Q

What is the surface of Io like?

A

It is covered in volcanoes.

51
Q

What is the primary method of energy generation on Io?

A

Tidal heating.

52
Q

What is the surface of Europa like?

A

Icy and covered in cracks.

53
Q

What part of Europa is believed to harbour primitive life?

A

Beneath the icy crust is a subsurface ocean of liquid water.

54
Q

What mechanism resurfaces the surface of Europa?

A

Cryovolcanism

55
Q

What are the surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede like?

A

Both are heavily cratered suggesting that the surfaces are ancient.

56
Q

What is the largest moon in the Solar System?

A

Ganymede, a moon of Jupiter.

57
Q

What main feature of the surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede suggests they are ancient bodies?

A

They are both heavily cratered.

58
Q

What is the radius of Callisto?
(Nearest 1000)

A

2403 km
(2000 km)

59
Q

What is the radius of Ganymede?
(Nearest 1000)

A

2634 km
(3000 km)

60
Q

What are the rings of Saturn composed of?

A

Ice particles and boulders between a centimetre and a few metres.

61
Q

How many moons does Saturn have?

A

At least 82

62
Q

What are the seven major moons of Saturn?
Hint: MTEDRIT

A

Mimas
Titan
Enceladus
Dione
Rhea
Iapetus
Tethys

63
Q

What feature makes Enceladus a target in the search for life?

A

It has a subsurface global ocean.

64
Q

What is an oddity about Uranus?

A

Its spin axis is tilted over 98 degrees from the vertical.

65
Q

What is the primary impact of Uranus’s axial tilt?

A

One pole points towards the Sun for a long time and the resultant heating drives atmospheric movement.

66
Q

How many moons does Uranus have?

A

At least 27

67
Q

What are the five major moons of Uranus?
Hint: MAUTO

A

Miranda
Ariel
Umbriel
Titania
Oberon

68
Q

How many moons does Neptune have?

A

At least 14

69
Q

What are the three largest moons of Neptune?
Hint: PTN

A

Proteus
Triton
Nereid

70
Q

What is the Kuiper Belt?

A

A region beyond Neptune filled with small objects such as dwarf planets.

71
Q

What are the three main features of the surface of Pluto?

A

Mountains, fractures, and impact craters.

72
Q

What is Pluto’s “bedrock” composed of?

A

Water ice

73
Q

What is a comet?

A

A small body usually made of ice with a distinctive tail of dust and ice particles.

74
Q

What is a protoplanetary disc?

A

A rotating cloud of dust and gases orbiting a young star that will go on to form planets.

75
Q

What is accretion?

A

A process where grains of dust and ice stick together to form larger objects.

76
Q

What is a planetisimal?

A

Accreted objects between several metres and several kilometres across.

77
Q

What is a planetary embryo?

A

A body formed from planetisimals that have stuck together.

78
Q

Why do rocky/metallic bodies form close to a star whilst icy bodies form further out?

A

The protoplanetary disc is much hotter in its interior than its exterior, ices can’t exist in the hotter area.

79
Q

What is an astronomical unit?

A

1 AU is roughly equivalent to the distance from the Earth to the centre of the Sun. It is 150 000 000 km or 150 000 000 000 m.

80
Q

What is the ecliptic plane when relating to the Solar System?

A

The plane, which all of the planets and Kuiper Belt objects orbit near to in relation to the Sun.

81
Q

Can minor bodies (comets, asteroids, kuiper belt objects) be found in the whole Solar System?

A

Yes, minor bodies can be found throughout the Solar System.

82
Q

What is the Oort Cloud?

A

A cloud of comets that surrounds the Solar System at a distance of up to hundreds of thousands of AU.

S283 (4 decks)

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