ISP217 Exam 2 Flashcards
Lake
Non-forested, permanent, greater than 10 acres, deeper than 6 feet.
Pond
Non-forested, permanent or non-permanent, less than 10 acres, less than 6 feet deep.
River and Stream
A permanently flowing body of water contained within a stream channel.
Marsh
Shallow basin up to 3 feet deep; standing water throughout most of year, but not necessarily all year; nearly shore-to-shore aquatic plants (emergent aquatic vegetation, floating aquatic vegetation, submerged aquatic vegetation).
Swamp
A wetland with a lot of trees and/or shrubs. Has circulation: sometimes near rivers or part of rivers, famous swamp is Everglades, no sphagnum moss (this belongs in bogs).
Sedge Meadow
Flat, water-saturated areas next to a river or lake that is dominated by sedges (grass in triangle shape instead of flat blade).
Bog
A spongy mat of wet, nutrient-poor, acidic sphagnum moss overlaying peat (dead sphagnum moss) all of which is floating on a pool of trapped water.
Receive all/most of their water from precipitation rather than from runoff, groundwater of streams.
Low nutrient input.
Shpagnum moss is spongy.
Bogs have little circulation: low nutrient input, dead matter builds up.
Plants evolved to eat animals to get nitrogen.
Littoral zone
Near shore where rooted plants can grow.
Limnetic zone
Is the surface where layer in offshore areas bend the littoral zone.
Photic zone
lighted and usually well-mused portion that extends from the lake surface down to where the light level is 1% of that at the surface.
Aphotic zone
Is positioned low in the photic zones to bottom of the lake where light levels are too low for photosynthesis.
Benthic zone
Lowest zone, soil layer right below water.
Ephemeral pond
Non-permanent, allows some organisms to live where the fish are not.
Riparian zone
Vegetated zone along the banks of a river or stream.
Diffusion
Movement of solute particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration in order to establish an equilibrium (equal spacing between the molecules).
Dialysis
Movement of solute particles across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high concentration (of solute particles) to a region of low concentration.
Osmosis
Movement of solvent particles (water) across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low concentration (of solute particles) to a region of high concentration.
Tonicity
The relative amount of solute in a solution.
Hypertonic
Solution has more solute particles per unit volume than reference solution.
Isotonic
Solution has the same solute particles per unit volume than a reference solution.
Hypotonic
Solution has less solute particles per unit volume than a reference solution.
Eutrophication
An increase in the external supply of nutrients to an ecosystems that results in an increase in plant growth.
Oligotrophic
Low nutrient input
Eutrophic
High nutrient input
Nutrient
Essential elements that tend to limit plant growth - fertilizer ingredients.
Phytoplankton
Unicellular photosynthesizing plant and plant-like organisms.
Paleo-Reconstruction
Dating. Organic analysis. Sliced sediment core. Lake aging.
Point source
From a pipe.
Domestic sewage, Industrial outfalls (paper mills, etc.)
Easier to contra than non-point sources.
BOD
The amount of oxygen consumed by respiration per unit time.
Relies on concentration of organic matter and lability of organic matter.
Labile
Readily “digested”
easily decomposed by bacteria = raw sewage.
Refractory
Poorly “digested”
Not easily decomposed by bacteria = leaves and wood.
Preliminary treatment
Settle out large stuff. But does not reduce BOD.
Non-point sources
Watershed activities
Agriculture, livestock production, urbanization.
Cyanobacteria
Freshwater
Dinoflagellates
Marine
Red Tide
Algae bloom that is toxic and can kill birds and dogs.
Dead Zone
Areas in large water bodies where the bottom water is anoxic (low or no oxygen)
Daphnia
zooplankton consumed by zooplanktivorous fish
Piscivorous
Fish that eat other fish
