ISP217 Exam 2

Question 1

Lake

Answer 1

Non-forested, permanent, greater than 10 acres, deeper than 6 feet.

Question 2

Pond

Answer 2

Non-forested, permanent or non-permanent, less than 10 acres, less than 6 feet deep.

Question 3

River and Stream

Answer 3

A permanently flowing body of water contained within a stream channel.

Question 4

Marsh

Answer 4

Shallow basin up to 3 feet deep; standing water throughout most of year, but not necessarily all year; nearly shore-to-shore aquatic plants (emergent aquatic vegetation, floating aquatic vegetation, submerged aquatic vegetation).

Question 5

Swamp

Answer 5

A wetland with a lot of trees and/or shrubs. Has circulation: sometimes near rivers or part of rivers, famous swamp is Everglades, no sphagnum moss (this belongs in bogs).

Question 6

Sedge Meadow

Answer 6

Flat, water-saturated areas next to a river or lake that is dominated by sedges (grass in triangle shape instead of flat blade).

Question 7

Bog

Answer 7

A spongy mat of wet, nutrient-poor, acidic sphagnum moss overlaying peat (dead sphagnum moss) all of which is floating on a pool of trapped water.
Receive all/most of their water from precipitation rather than from runoff, groundwater of streams.
Low nutrient input.
Shpagnum moss is spongy.
Bogs have little circulation: low nutrient input, dead matter builds up.
Plants evolved to eat animals to get nitrogen.

Question 8

Littoral zone

Answer 8

Near shore where rooted plants can grow.

Question 9

Limnetic zone

Answer 9

Is the surface where layer in offshore areas bend the littoral zone.

Question 10

Photic zone

Answer 10

lighted and usually well-mused portion that extends from the lake surface down to where the light level is 1% of that at the surface.

Question 11

Aphotic zone

Answer 11

Is positioned low in the photic zones to bottom of the lake where light levels are too low for photosynthesis.

Question 12

Benthic zone

Answer 12

Lowest zone, soil layer right below water.

Question 13

Ephemeral pond

Answer 13

Non-permanent, allows some organisms to live where the fish are not.

Question 14

Riparian zone

Answer 14

Vegetated zone along the banks of a river or stream.

Question 15

Diffusion

Answer 15

Movement of solute particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration in order to establish an equilibrium (equal spacing between the molecules).

Question 16

Dialysis

Answer 16

Movement of solute particles across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high concentration (of solute particles) to a region of low concentration.

Question 17

Osmosis

Answer 17

Movement of solvent particles (water) across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low concentration (of solute particles) to a region of high concentration.

Question 18

Tonicity

Answer 18

The relative amount of solute in a solution.

Question 19

Hypertonic

Answer 19

Solution has more solute particles per unit volume than reference solution.

Question 20

Isotonic

Answer 20

Solution has the same solute particles per unit volume than a reference solution.

Question 21

Hypotonic

Answer 21

Solution has less solute particles per unit volume than a reference solution.

Question 22

Eutrophication

Answer 22

An increase in the external supply of nutrients to an ecosystems that results in an increase in plant growth.

Question 23

Oligotrophic

Answer 23

Low nutrient input

Question 24

Eutrophic

Answer 24

High nutrient input

Question 25

Nutrient

Answer 25

Essential elements that tend to limit plant growth - fertilizer ingredients.

Question 26

Phytoplankton

Answer 26

Unicellular photosynthesizing plant and plant-like organisms.

Question 27

Paleo-Reconstruction

Answer 27

Dating. Organic analysis. Sliced sediment core. Lake aging.

Question 28

Point source

Answer 28

From a pipe.
Domestic sewage, Industrial outfalls (paper mills, etc.)
Easier to contra than non-point sources.

Question 29

BOD

Answer 29

The amount of oxygen consumed by respiration per unit time.

Relies on concentration of organic matter and lability of organic matter.

Question 30

Labile

Answer 30

Readily “digested”

easily decomposed by bacteria = raw sewage.

Question 31

Refractory

Answer 31

Poorly “digested”

Not easily decomposed by bacteria = leaves and wood.

Question 32

Preliminary treatment

Answer 32

Settle out large stuff. But does not reduce BOD.

Question 33

Non-point sources

Answer 33

Watershed activities

Agriculture, livestock production, urbanization.

Question 34

Cyanobacteria

Answer 34

Freshwater

Question 35

Dinoflagellates

Answer 35

Marine

Question 36

Red Tide

Answer 36

Algae bloom that is toxic and can kill birds and dogs.

Question 37

Dead Zone

Answer 37

Areas in large water bodies where the bottom water is anoxic (low or no oxygen)

Question 38

Daphnia

Answer 38

zooplankton consumed by zooplanktivorous fish

Question 39

Piscivorous

Answer 39

Fish that eat other fish