ISP Flashcards
describes common experiences in the process of information seeking for a complex task that has a discrete
beginning and ending and that requires considerable construction and learning to be accomplished.
Information Search
Process
ISP SIX STAGE
Initiation
Selection
Exploration
Formulation
Collection
Presentation
ISP SIX STAGE MODEL is by
KUHLTHAO, 2017
When a person first becomes aware of a lack of knowledge or understanding and feelings ofuncertainty and apprehension are common.
Initiation
when a general area, topic, or problem is identified and initial uncertainty often gives way to a brief sense of optimism and a readiness to begin the search.
Selection
When inconsistent, incompatible information is encountered and uncertainty, confusion, and doubt frequently increase and people find themselves “in the dip” of confidence.
Exploration
considered the most difficult stage in the ISP when the information encountered can
increase uncertainty prompting a dip in confidence.
Exploration
When a focused perspective is formed and uncertainty diminishes as confidence begins to increase
Formulation
turning point of the ISP, when feelings of uncertainty diminish and confidence increases.
The task is to form a focus from the information encountered.
Formulation
four criteria used to select a topic may be again employed to choose a focus
Task;
Time;
Interest
Availability;
When information pertinent to the focused perspective is gathered and uncertainty subsides as
interest and involvement deepens.
Collection
At this point, the task is to gather information related to the focused topic.
Collection
When the search is completed with a new understanding enabling the person to explain his or her
learning to others or in someway put the learning to use.
Presentation
The task is to complete the search and to prepare to present or otherwise use the findings.
Presentation
an electronic index of literature that can include books, journals,
magazines, etc. When primary sources are needed, searchers often start with an Internet search engine (e.g.,
Google or Yahoo!), which scans Web sites and other information on the Web for their search terms.
Bibliographic Databases
2 ELECTRONIC SEARCH PROCESS
Bibliographic Databases
Searching the World Wide Web
provide better tools for focusing searches to find the most relevant studies
while filtering out irrelevant results.
Bibliographic Databases
provides a useful bibliographic database of
chemical information, including drug information
dating from 1907 to the present.
Chemical Abstracts Service
includes many document types such as patents, dissertations, and technical reports in addition to journal articles.
Chemical Abstracts Service
available as the BIOSIS Previews database through many vendors.
Biological Abstracts
It indexes journals, books,
book chapters, dissertations, conference proceedings, and patents from 1926 to the present in the major fields of biology, including biochemistry, biotechnology, genetics, nutrition, and many other areas
of interest to pharmacists.
Biological Abstracts
Created and maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is
one of the largest literature databases in the health sciences.
MEDLINE
produced by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) and covers pharmacy
and drug information from 1971 to the present.
International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA)
useful for searches involving pharmaceutical formulations, pharmacy practice and business, and other aspects of pharmacy that might not be included in the clinical literature indexed in PubMed.
International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA)
it is used to combine search terms in a logical query to
inform the bibliographic database how to interpret the query and run the search. This helps control recall
and precision.
Boolean Logic
Boolean operator will produce results that include all the terms in the search.
“AND”
Boolean operator will retrieve references that contain information about either of the topics alone
or in combination with the other.
“OR”
Boolean operator can be quite useful if applied carefully. For example, suppose a search of “acetaminophen” AND “adverse effects” returns a large number of articles reporting adverse effects related to acetaminophen overdose, but the searcher is only interested in adverse effects of standard
doses.
“NOT”
true or false
If no operators are employed, then most databases and search engines automatically assume “AND” is
implied between multiple terms.
true
true or false
Boolean operators must be entered in lower case to indicate that they are intended as operators rather than as English word.
false
true or false
If you want to keep the exact concept intact, you may use quotation marks as Boolean modifiers
true
are restrictions
placed on the query, such as limiting results to a certain date range or document type.
Limits
are requiresearch terms to be found in a particular field of the database, such as title or author.
Field qualifiers
If the set of results is still too large to be useful after a query has been built using synonyms and variants of terms for each concept and the search has been logically ordered using Boolean operators
Limits and qualifiers
Use to broaden the scope of the search. This is especially important when writing
literature reviews, which require extensive background information.
multiple databases
systematic naming of drugs, especially pharmaceutical drugs.
Nomenclature
Two stages of drug development
Early stages
After marketing stage
stage that drugs may be designated only by their CAS registry number, chemical name, a manufacturer’s investigational drug code, or generic name.
Early stages
stage that has more designations, including its National Drug Codes and proprietary or brand name.
After marketing stage
it is a global system of interconnected computer networks
Internet
it is one of the services that run on the Internet
Web
A search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web and FTP
Two search engines
A search engine that has information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files.
▪ maintain real-time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler
General search engines
Web Search that analyzes site traffic including ranking, global users, pages linking to the site, and links to related pages
of interest
Alexa Web Search
Microsoft engine that displays excerpts from sites retrieved by your search and offers related search suggestions;
multimedia and other deep Web results are also displayed.
Bing
offers results from content-rich sites, displays “zero-click” answers at the top of the search result page, and
features numerous search options and site settings; offers unusual search privacy
DuckDuckGo
offers thumbnail images of retrieved sites, and organization of results by type of site, file type, language and
country
Exalead
searches for full topic matches and returns meaningful, full sentence excerpts from sites in its results list; offers
related searches
▪ Factbites
Web’s most popular search engine that retrieves results in real time as you type your search.
a Google-powered search engine with a black background display that saves energy
EcoSmartSearch.com
- general search engine that also offers searches of a few deep Web content sources including people look-up, yellow pages, and multimedia
Lycos
displays a tag cloud with keywords related to your search that can be selected to generate new results
▪ Quintura
search by keyword or website address and retrieve a focused list of related sites; offers a Firefox AddOn that displayst a list of up to 300 sites similar to the one you are currently viewing along with other features
▪ SimilarPages.com
searches millions of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for answers to user queries; displays excerpts from the retrieved material
▪ SnappyFingers
- portal with a general Web search and many other content services
▪ Yahoo!
Search tool that sends user requests to several other search engines and/or databases
Meta Search Engine
- offers separate searches of Google, Yahoo!, Bing and Wikipedia with a one-click toggle between search results;
also serves as a personal home page for collecting bookmarks
43 Marks
▪ - offers Search Assistant for searching numerous sources including the social and the deep Web; Virtual Folders
allow users to create, save and bookmark custom folders containing up to 12 favorite sites
Browsys
- search Google, Yahoo, MSN and Ask, and retrieve a collated results list with an option to view results from
each engine separately
▪ Cacti Search
▪ - offers searches of the Web and multimedia, and supplies real-time concept clustering of results
iBoogie
▪ – Chynna U. Albert, RPh©2020 61 Saint Louis University – Department of Pharmacy
Dogpile
▪ - retrieve results from numerous sources; also offers search suggestions related to your search
▪
Mamma
- retrieve results from Google, Yahoo!, Bing and Ask; also offers search suggestions related to your search
▪
MetaCrawler
- offers advanced search options on Google, Yahoo!, Bing, Ask, Digg and Technorati with a single mouse
click; users can save searches for future use, organize the searches into folders, and clone new searches from existing
ones
Searchzooka
) combines the practitioner’s clinical expertise and the patient’s desires and values with
the conscientious and judicious use of the current best evidence from the clinical literature
Evidence-based medicine (EBM
format is used In order to Ask a focused clinical question
P—a word or phrase for the patient or clinical problem
I—the intervention
C—any comparison intervention being considered
O— outcome of concern
