Isotonicity

Question 1

Freezing temperature of blood

Answer 1

-0.52°C

Question 2

Kf

Answer 2

Cryoscopic constant

Question 3

Kb

Answer 3

Ebullioscopic constant (melting-point )

Question 4

Raoult’s law equations

Answer 4

For non-volatile solutes…
* P_solution = X_(solv) x P_(solv)
* P_total = P_solute + P_solvent

Question 5

Henry’s equation

Answer 5

p2/p1 = S2/S1
C = kP
* k = Henry’s gas constant
* C = concentration of dissolved gas
* S = Solubility
* p = vapour pressure
* P= partial pressure

Question 6

Collegiative properties

Answer 6

The properties affected by the increase of solute concentration in a solution.

• Freezing-point depression
• Boiling-point elevation
• Osmotic pressure increase
• Vapour pressure decrease

Question 7

Freezing-point depression

Answer 7

ΔT = (m)(Kf)(i)
* m = Molality = mol/kg
* Kf = Cryoscopic constant
* i = Van’t Hoffs factor

• ΔT = The temp change from the solvent freezing-point to solution’s freezing-point

Question 8

Boiling-point elevation

Answer 8

ΔT = (m)(Kb)(i)
* m = Molality = mol/kg
* Kb = Ebullioscopic constant
* i = Van’t Hoffs factor

• • ΔT = The temp change from the solvent’s boiling temperature to the solutions boiling-point.

Question 9

Isoosmoticity | Iso osmolarity

Answer 9

A system in which two solutions have an equal osmotic pressure as each other.

This is due to an equal amount of solute particles in both solutions

Question 10

Van’t Hoff factor

Answer 10

The symbol for this value is i .
It is the number of species a compound can dissosiate to.

E.g. NaCl -> Na+ + Cl- ergo i=2