Isomers

Question 1

What are isomers?

Answer 1

Two molecules with same molecular formula

Question 2

What are constitutional isomers?

Answer 2

When molecules only share molecular formula in similarity but not structures (i.e. different connectivity)
Eg) Glucose and Fructose

Question 3

Do properties of constitutional isomers differ?

Answer 3

Yes they have different chemical reactivities, boiling points, and names.

Question 4

What are conformational isomers?

Answer 4

Two identical molecules that are connected similarly but oriented differently. Due to steric hindrance, they can have different energy level

Question 5

What are the two types of Newman projection?

Answer 5

Staggered (evenly distanced) and Eclipsed (close to each other)

Question 6

What are configurational isomers?

Answer 6

Two molecules with same connectivity but need bonds to break in order to convert between them

Question 7

R configuration

Answer 7

Clockwise

Question 8

S configuration

Answer 8

Anti clockwise

Question 9

What are enantiomers?

Answer 9

When configurational isomers have only one chiral carbon and flipping that orientation flips over all the the orientation. It’s superimposed

Question 10

What are diastereomers?

Answer 10

1. Two molecules that have at least two chiral centers and some are opposite while some are not
2. Molecules with double bond may have cis/trans configuration or Z/E configuration respectively
   Z: cis I.e. zame zide
   E: trans i.e. eopposite side