isomerism. Flashcards
constitutional isomerism
molecules have the same molecular formula however atoms have different connectivity.
types of constitutional isomerism
position
chain
functional group
functional group
atoms are have different connectivity to form different functional groups
positional group
the functional group has different connectivity and is attached to different carbons
chain
the carbon chain has different connectivity so it has different lengths
orbital
it is the likelihood of where an electron is
hybridisation
combining atomic orbitals to make a hybrid
sp2
it is under one s orbital and 2 p orbitals that you will find an electron
chiral centre
connected to four different chemical species
achiral centre
2+ more the same chemical species on a carbon
stereoisomers
same connectivity
same molecular formula
different arrangement in space
achiral facts
super imposable
mirror images
sterocenter is meso molecules
diastereomers
only some of the chiral centres change.
=br
–oh
this is trans
= br
= oh
this is cis
as we can see only oh change
diastereomers qualities
cis and trans
non mirror image s
non superimposable
enantiomers
non super-imposable mirror images
meso compounds
identical mirror images of molecules
symmetry/ chiral centres
all chiral centres change and there is no symmetry is is entaniomers
if all chiral centres change and there is symmetry it is meso.
is some chiral change - diastomers
r
clockwise
s
anti-clockwise
fac
used for inorganic molecules with the 3 constiteunts on a octahedral shape. e.g. 3 F , 3 CL.
all are on the same plane
mer
used in inorganic molecules.
they are not all in the same plane.
cis and trans
used in planar and octahedral inorganic complexes
they must have the ratio 2:4 on octahedral shapes.
m