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isomer Flashcards

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1
Q

What is isomerism?

A

Isomerism is a phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same chemical formula but distinct chemical structures.

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2
Q

What are isomers?

A

Isomers are chemical compounds that have the same chemical formula but differ in characteristics and the arrangement of atoms within the molecule.

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3
Q

What are the two main types of isomerism?

A

The two main types of isomerism are Structural Isomerism and Stereoisomerism.

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4
Q

What is Structural Isomerism

A

Structural Isomerism, also known as Constitutional Isomerism, occurs when functional groups and atoms in a molecule are linked in different ways, possibly leading to different IUPAC names.

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5
Q

What is Chain Isomerism?

A

Chain Isomerism, also known as skeletal isomerism, occurs when isomers have different branching structures in the carbon chain.

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6
Q

What is an example of Chain Isomerism?

A

An example of Chain Isomerism is found in the compound C5H12, where different branching of carbon atoms results in different isomers.

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7
Q

What is Position Isomerism?

A

Position Isomerism occurs when functional groups or substituent atoms are attached to different carbon atoms in the carbon chain.

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8
Q

Provide an example of Position Isomerism.

A

The compounds with the formula C3H7Cl exhibit Position Isomerism due to different locations of the chlorine atom.

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9
Q

What is Functional Isomerism?

A

Functional Isomerism refers to molecules with the same chemical formula but different functional groups attached.

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10
Q

Give an example of Functional Isomerism.

A

An example of Functional Isomerism is the compound C3H6O, where different functional groups result in different isomers.

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11
Q

What is Metamerism?

A

Metamerism occurs when different alkyl chains are present on both sides of a functional group, usually involving a divalent element like oxygen or sulfur.

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12
Q

What are examples of Metamerism?

A

Ethoxyethane (C2H5OC2H5) and methoxy-propane (CH3OC3H7) are examples of Metamerism.

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13
Q

What is Tautomerism?

A

Tautomerism is when isomers differ only in the position of protons and electrons, often coexisting in equilibrium.

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14
Q

What is an example of Tautomerism?

A

Keto-enol tautomerism is a common example of Tautomerism.

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15
Q

What is Ring-Chain Isomerism?

A

Ring-Chain Isomerism occurs when one isomer has an open-chain structure and the other has a ring structure.

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16
Q

What is an example of Ring-Chain Isomerism?

A

An example is the compound C3H6, where propene (open-chain) and cyclopropane (ring) are isomers.

17
Q

What is Stereoisomerism?

A

Stereoisomerism occurs in compounds with the same chemical formula but different three-dimensional orientations of atoms.

18
Q

What are the two types of Stereoisomerism?

A

The two types of Stereoisomerism are Geometric Isomerism and Optical Isomerism.

19
Q

What is Geometric Isomerism?

A

Geometric Isomerism, also known as cis-trans isomerism, involves different spatial configurations of atoms in three-dimensional space.

20
Q

What are enantiomers?

A

Enantiomers are optical isomers that differ in how they interact with plane-polarized light, with dextro enantiomers rotating light to the right and laevo enantiomers rotating it to the left.

20
Q

What is Optical Isomerism?

A

Optical Isomerism occurs when a compound has non-superimposable mirror images due to differing spatial arrangements of atoms.

21
Q

What is chirality?

A

Chirality refers to the property of a molecule where its mirror image cannot be superimposed, similar to how left and right hands are mirror images but not identical.

22
Q

What is an example of a chiral molecule?

A

Bromochlorofluoroiodomethane (CBrClFI) is an example of a chiral molecule because its mirror images are non-superimposable.

bio chem (2 decks)

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