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Islamic Finance > Islamic Worldview > Flashcards

Islamic Worldview Flashcards

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1
Q

The notion of a worldview is:

A

contextual, dynamic and constructive

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2
Q

It is ____________ because the distinctive spiritual and material aspects of the society may shape our worldview

A

contextual

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3
Q

It is __________ and may evolve over time as a result of the interactions over time as a result of the interactions between changing realities of life that we experience

A

dynamic

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4
Q

As knowledge expands, worldview is ___________ and ___________ over time as it undergoes a continuous process of change around some particular elements

A

constructed and reconstructed

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5
Q

Beliefs on the nature, basis and validation of knowledge

A

Epistemology

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6
Q

Beliefs regarding the ultimate nature of reality

A

Metaphysics

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7
Q

Beliefs regarding the origin of the universe and origin of life and man

A

Cosmology

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8
Q

Beliefs about purpose

A

Teleology

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9
Q

Beliefs about God

A

Theology

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10
Q

Beliefs about man

A

Anthropology

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11
Q

Beliefs on the values that drive behaviours

A

Axiology

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12
Q

One omniscient and omnipresent creator

A

Tawid - Unity and oneness of the Creator

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13
Q

Prophet Muhammad as the last messenger of the creator bringing to mankind the most perfect set of rules of conduct (risalah)

A

Nubuwwa - Prophethood

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14
Q

Belief in the Day of Judgement

A

Ultimate return to the creator

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15
Q

What are the sources of shari’ah?

A

Primary: Qur’an and Hadith
Secondary: Ijma’, Qiyas, Istihsan, Maslahah and Uruf
Other: Ijtihad

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16
Q

What are the objectives of shari’ah?

A
  • seeking social justice and having compassion for fellow human beings
  • seeking Allah’s blessings
  • seeking success in this world and hereafter
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17
Q

What are the scales of shari’ah to achieve its objectives?

A
  • obligatory actions, such as the daily five prayers
  • recommended actions, such as supererogatory fasting beyond the month of Ramadan
  • indifferent actions, such as preference for a particular permissible food (halal) over another
  • Reprehensible actions, such as smoking, which is discouraged as it is harmful and of no benefit
  • forbidden actions (haram), such as committing any of the major sins like adultery, murder, etc.
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18
Q

sayings, approvals and actions of the Prophet Muhammad during his lifetime

A

Qur’an and Hadith or Sunnah

19
Q

a consensus of Muslim scholars sharing the same opinion and applied only in the absence of an explicit answer to the issue in question

A

Ijma’

20
Q

analogical deductions from the other sources of shari’ah for contemporary issues that are not directly mentioned in those sources but have similar characteristics with another or earlier situation or incident in the past which is clearly based on those sources

A

Qiyas

21
Q

a juristic preference where a scholar or knowledge seeker (mujtahid) prefers one alternative to another

A

Istihsan

22
Q

literally means to bring about utility and fend off damage or injury for public interest

A

Maslahah

23
Q

based on customs

A

Urf

24
Q
  • is derived from root “qa ra a” which means reading or recitation
  • book containing the words of Allah reealed to the prophet in Arabic and transmitted to us by continuous testimony or tawatur
A

Al-Quran

25
Q
  • “What was transmitted from the Messenger of Allah (peace be on him) of his words, acts and (tacit) approvals.”
  • considered as source of Islamic laws
A

Sunnah

26
Q
  • defined as the sayings of the Prophet through which he intended the laying down of the law or the explanation of the ahkam
  • the nature of acts is dependent upon the underlying intentions
  • it is noted that not every saying of the Prophet (peace be on him) is a source of law; saying which is related to the Ahkam Shariah
A

Sunnah Al-Qawliyyah

27
Q
  • defined as the acts of the Prophet having a legal content, like his prayer, fasts, hajj
  • ordinary physical acts performed by every human being, like eating, drinking, walking and sitting
  • acts that are specific to the Prophet and the rest of the ummah is not to follow him in such acts
A

Sunnah Fiiyyah

28
Q
  • acts that are intended to be explanations of unelaborated rules in the texts. all such explanations have the status of law
  • acts that establish new laws obviously have the force of law
  • the prophet says: “Pray as you see me praying.” the way he performed salah, fasting, rituals of hajj, transaction concluded by him
A

Sunnah Fiiyyah

29
Q
  • it is defined as the commission of certain acts, by word or deed, by some companions and the maintenance of silence by the Prophet without expressing disapproval
  • his silence in such a case is called taqrir or tacit approval and is considered a sunnah that becomes a source for the permissibility of an act or a statement
A

Sunnah Taqririyyah

30
Q

the consensus of mujtahidun (independent jurists) from the Ummah of Muhammad (peace be on him), after his death, in a determined period upon a rule of Islamic law (hukm Shar’i)

A

Ijma’

31
Q

What are the conditions of Ijma’?

A
  • the consensus must take place among mujtahids, who have attained the status of ijtihad
  • unanimity is a prerequisite of ijma’. the agreement must be unanimous, that is among all the mujtahids. all the jurists participating in ijma’ must be from the ummah of Muhammad
  • the agreement must have taken place after the death of the Prophet
  • the agreement of the mujtahidun must be demonstrated by their expressed opinion on a particular issue
  • ijma’ must be upon a rule of law, the hukm shari’
32
Q

What are the two types of Ijma’?

A
  1. Ijma’ Qauli

2. Ijma’ Sukuti

33
Q

unanimous consent expressed in declaration of opinoin

A

Ijma Qauli

34
Q

when the majority of the Mujtahidun signified their tacit assent to the opinions of the minority by “silence” or non-intereference

A

Ijma’ Sukuti

35
Q

is defined as the extension of a Shari’ah value from the original case, or asl, to a new case, because the latter has the same effective cause (‘illah) as the former

A

Analogy (Qiyas)

36
Q

What are the pillars of Qiyas?

A
  • ASL
  • Hukm
  • Illah
  • Far’
37
Q
  • original case, set of facts, on which a ruling has been given
  • ex: wine drinking
A

Asl

38
Q
  • ruling on the original case

- ex: prohibition

A

Hukm

39
Q
  • underlying cause of ruling in the original case

- ex: the intoxicating effect

A

Illah

40
Q
  • new case on which ruling is to be given

- ex: consumption of new drink

A

Far’

41
Q

exercising personal opinion in order to avoid rigidity and unfairness that might result from the literal enforcement of the existing law

A

Istihsan

42
Q

juristic preference which involves the setting aside an established analogy in favor of an alternative ruling which serves the ideals of justice and public interest in a better way

A

Istihsan

43
Q
  • an important branch of ijtihad and has played a prominent role in the adaptation of Islamic law to the changing needs of society
  • it has provided Islamic law with the necessary means with which to encourage flexibility and growth
  • prove to be detrimental in certain solutions
  • may offer a mean of avoiding hardship and a solution which is harmonious with the higher objectives of the Shar’iah
A

Importance of Istihsan

Islamic Finance (1 decks)

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