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AQA Religous Studies > Islam Key Words > Flashcards

Islam Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Define ablution.

A

Ritual washing in Islam. The Arabic term is wudu.

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2
Q

Define adalat.

A

The concept of justice in Shi’a Islam.

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3
Q

Who is Adam?

A

One of the prophets of Allah. The father of humankind. He built the Ka’aba.

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4
Q

What does Allah mean?

A

The Islamic name for God.

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5
Q

What is the akhirah?

A

Belief in life after death.

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6
Q

What are the angles?

A

They are spiritual beings created from elements of light. They gave Gods messages to the prophets and watch over humans.

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7
Q

Define arafat.

A

A plain near to Makkah where pilgrims gather to worship, pray and ask for forgiveness. This takes place on the ninth day of the Islamic month, the day before Eid ul Adha.

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8
Q

Define ashura.

A

A very important festival in Shi’a Islam, occurring on 10th Muharram. Shi’a Muslims commemorate the martyrdom of Hussein (Muhammad’s grandson). Ashura is observed by Sunni Muslims for a different reason, as a day of repentance for sins in the belief that they will be forgiven.

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9
Q

Define the term authority.

A

As the direct Word of Allah, the Qur’an has supreme authority. This means its truths must be believed and its commands obeyed.

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10
Q

Define beneficence.

A

Literally ‘doing good’. One of the 99 Beautiful Names of Allah, it refers to the generosity that Allah shows to humans.

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11
Q

What is the day of judgment?

A

The day when Allah will decide about individual deeds, good and bad, and on reward or punishment.

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12
Q

What is fairness?

A

This refers to Allah’s justice. He treats all humans equally and as they deserve.

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13
Q

What is fasting?

A

Not eating or drinking. It refers especially to sawm, which is the 4th of the Five Pillars. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset.

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14
Q

What are the 5 pillars?

A

The Five Pillars observed by Sunni Muslims which support Islam by encouraging the development of good character, attitude and behaviour. These are shahadah, salah, zakah, sawm and hajj.

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15
Q

What are the five roots of Usul ad-Din?

A

The foundations of the faith in Shi’a Islam. They consist of five key beliefs: Tawhid(the Oneness of Allah), Adalat (justice), prophethood (nubuwwah), imamate (leadership).

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16
Q

What is Friday prayer?

A

Jummah. Friday prayers in the mosque, where a sermon (khutbah) is heard.

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17
Q

What is giving alms?

A

A key practice in Islam. Zakah is the 3rd of the Five Pillars. Giving alms means giving to those in need, e.g. money, food, time.

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18
Q

What is the gospel?

A

The term means ‘good news’ and it is the good news about Isa (Jesus), one of the prophets of Islam. It was written down by his disciples.

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19
Q

What is the greater jihad?

A

This refers to the duty of every Muslim to live a good life, staying faithful to the beliefs and obeying the commands of Islam.

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20
Q

Define Hajj.

A

Annual pilgrimage to Makkah, which all Muslims must undertake at least once in their lives, unless prevented by problems over wealth or health. The 5th of the Five Pillars.

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21
Q

What is heaven?

A

Referred to by Muslims as paradise. It is Allah’s reward after death to those who have been faithful to Allah and who have repented of their sins.

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22
Q

What is hell?

A

It is a place of great suffering after death for those who have rejected the Qur’an’s teachings and have led a wicked life. For some it will last forever.

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23
Q

Define human accountability.

A

The belief that everyone must take responsibility for their actions and will be questioned about them on the Day of Judgement.

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24
Q

Define human freedom.

A

Humans have control over their thoughts, feelings and actions.

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25
Q

Define human responsibility.

A

Humans are responsible for most of what they do because they have free will and so will be accountable on the Day of Judgement.

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26
Q

Who is Ibrahim?

A

One of the prophets of Allah. He rebuilt the Ka’aba.

27
Q

What is the Id-ul-Adha?

A

Celebration of the Prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son for Allah. It comes at the end of the period of hajj.

28
Q

What is the Id-ul-Fitr?

A

A celebration that comes at the end of Ramadan and marks the end of fasting.

29
Q

What does immate mean?

A

It means ‘leadership’ and refers in Shi’a Islam to the twelve imams who succeeded Muhammad as the leaders of Islam.

30
Q

Define immanence?

A

The belief that Allah is close to humanity ad involved in the world.

31
Q

Who is Jibril?

A

The most important of the angels and spoke with many of the prophets of Allah. Jibril dictated the Qur’an to Muhammad. On Judgement Day he will assist with the weighing of a person’s deeds.

32
Q

What is Jihad?

A

‘To struggle’. It refers to the effort made to obey Allah.

33
Q

What is Jummah?

A

Weekly communal salah performed after midday on a Friday.

34
Q

What is justice?

A

Bringing about what is right, fair, according to the law or making up for a wrong that has been committed.

35
Q

What is the Ka’aba?

A

The black covered cube-shaped building in the centre of the grand mosque in Makkah. All Muslims face towards it when they pray.

36
Q

Define khums?

A

This is a practice in Shi’a Islam. It is a 20% tax on annual surplus income and is given to the poor and to religious leaders.

37
Q

Define the term lesser jihad?

A

This refers to the military struggle to defend Islam. It is carried out according to strict and clear cut rules.

38
Q

What is life after death?

A

Also known as akhirah. Muslims believe that death is not the end.

39
Q

What is Makkah?

A

The city where Muhammad was born. The spiritual centre of Islam, it is in Saudi Arabia.

40
Q

What is mercy?

A

One of Allah’s 99 Beautiful Names. It refers to Allah’s willingness to forgive the sins of those who repent.

41
Q

Who is Mika’il?

A

One of the most important angels. He gives spiritual and material help to humans. On Judgement Day he will assist with the weighing of a person’s deeds.

42
Q

What is Mina?

A

Place to be visited on hajj – stoning of pillars.

43
Q

What is a mosque?

A

The Muslim place of worship.

44
Q

Who is Muhammad?

A

The last and greatest of the prophets of Allah. He received the Qur’an and his Sunnah and Hadiths are also important sources of authority.

45
Q

What is omnipotence?

A

One of the 99 Beautiful Names of Allah. It refers to Allah’s ability to do anything.

46
Q

What is the oneness of God?

A

Also known as tawhid. It refers to the unity of Allah. Islam is a monotheistic religion.

47
Q

What is a pilgrimage?

A

A journey made for religious reasons.

48
Q

What is predestination?

A

This is the idea that everything that happens has been decided already by Allah.

49
Q

What is prophethood?

A

Also known as risalah. Channel of communication with God. Three prophets are set for study: Adam, Ibrahim and Muhammad.

50
Q

What are the psalms?

A

Sacred prayers/poems written by King Dawud (David) who was himself a prophet of Allah.

51
Q

What is the Qur’an?

A

The Holy Book revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by the angel Jibril. Allah’s final revelation to humankind.

52
Q

Define Rak’ahs.

A

Actions made during salah consisting of recitations, standing, bowing and prostration.

53
Q

What is Ramadan?

A

Month during which fasting from dawn to sunset is demanded (ninth month of the Islamic calendar).

54
Q

What is resurrection?

A

After death, all people will be raised from the dead to face Allah’s judgement. This is a physical resurrection.

55
Q

What is revelation?

A

Allah shows his nature and his will to believers through the words of the Qur’an.

56
Q

What is risalah?

A

Prophethood. The channel of communication between Allah and humanity. Three prophets are set for study: Adam, Ibrahim and Muhammad.

57
Q

What is salah?

A

Prayer to and worship of Allah, performed under the conditions set by the Prophet Muhammad – five times a day. The 2nd of the Five Pillars.

58
Q

What is sawm?

A

Fasting from dawn to dusk during Ramadan; sex and smoking are banned when the believer is engaged in this. The 4th of the Five Pillars.

59
Q

What are the scrolls of Abraham?

A

These were individual revelations to Ibrahim that were written on parchment but have perished. They were given on the first day of Ramadan and consisted of stories.

60
Q

What is the shahadah?

A

Muslim declaration of faith. It is a statement of faith in Allah as the only God and in Muhammad as Allah’s prophet. The 1st of the Five Pillars for Sunni Muslims. In Shi’a Islam it is not a separate Pillar and it has two additional statements relating to Ali as beloved of Allah and the rightful trustee and successor of Muhammad.

61
Q

What is a surah?

A

A division (chapter) of the Qur’an. There are 114 in all.

62
Q

What is tawhid?

A

The oneness and unity of Allah. Islam is a monotheistic religion.

63
Q

What is wudu?

A

Ablution. Ritual washing performed before salah and also when purification is needed.

64
Q

What is zakah?

A

The 3rd of the Five Pillars. It consists of the giving of alms to purify those who give it and the rest of their money.

AQA Religous Studies (8 decks)

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