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RE ISLAM SZU A2 > Islam, Gender + Sexuality > Flashcards

Islam, Gender + Sexuality Flashcards

1
Q

What do these concepts mean in Islam?

  • Recipients of divine breath
  • Trustees on earth
  • Creation of the first womrn
A
  • Recipients of divine breath: When Allah breathed soul into Adam
  • Allahs trustees on earth: Khalifas (stewardship)
    Here as trusted people by Allah. to worship him
  • Creation of the first woman: Woman was given to a man (Adam) as gift
    Allah created man and woman from a man
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2
Q

What opened up role models for women?

A
  • Gloabalisation
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3
Q

Summarise womens entitlement to economic factors:

A
  • States in Qurannthat women entitled to policies that empower women + men to manage property
  • More important for society to be in line with the prophet and quran
  • One of the major topics raised in Islam is position of the Underprivaleged, enforcement of property rights strenghtens this position
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4
Q

Why do women want greater empowerment + an islamic voice in Islam?

A
  • Due to spread literacy, education and job opportunities,.
  • They want a voice because of male privaleges have oppressed them

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5
Q

What are women active in today?

A
  • Quran study circles
  • Mosque activities
  • professers of Islamic studies
  • Quran reciters
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6
Q

Whst were women useful for in early Islam?

A
  • Transmission of Hadith

- Development of Sufism

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7
Q

What questions raised by Mernissi?

A
  • About Authenticity + Authority of certain hadiths that justify subordination
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8
Q

Who are Sisters In Islam + what do they stand for?

A
  • Group of professional muslim women
  • Stand up for oppression + violence towards women
  • Promote princples of dignity, justice + freedom
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9
Q

What does karamah mean?

A
  • Muslim women lawyers for human rights
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10
Q

Summarise roles of women in the mosque in the past?

A
  • Mosques barely used to have facilities for women
  • Barely any access to mosques for women
  • Stigma towards women wanted to lead prayers in mosque
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11
Q

Summarise role of womens in mosques in the Present:

A
  • Woman able to lead prayers + sermons
  • Many female representatives
  • Women feel more welcomed
  • Women more invoved in making decisions
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12
Q

Summarise why women SHOULD have access in mosques:

A
  • Mosques belong to Allah, anyone can access them
  • Would change how british muslims are seen’
  • It will help overthrow traditional roles
  • During prophethood, women were allowed, it was after that it was disputed
  • prophet told people NOT to stop women from coming to mosque
  • In islam, there shouldnt be a hierarchy
  • When women face problems such as domestic violence, they cant go to mosques to get help
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13
Q

Summarise why women SHOULDNT be allowed to access mosques:

A
  • Women get dressed, which cause temptations for men
  • Women cany handle the committment
  • Different schools may not want women to have access
  • No parda, if women dont have seperate womens
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14
Q

Who was Qasim Amin and what did he criticise regarding women:

A
  • Qasim Amin ~ Egyptian jurist, viewed as one of the Arabs first feminist
  • Criticised the Veil, Seclusion, early marriage + lack of education
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15
Q

What was Amins rebuttal about?

A
  • He blamed veiling, lack of education and womens slavert on egyptian men
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16
Q

What did Abduh believe about traditional muslims?

A
  • They had left true islamic faith and followed Cultural habits rather religion.
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17
Q

Summarise Qasim Amind sttitude on veiling from his book?

A
  • Aimed for the abolition of veil. Seen as being key to bringing social transformation
  • Argues that veiling + segregation is like a “huge barrier between woman and their elevation
18
Q

Summarise economic aspect in Islam:

A
  • Women are entitled to full fnancial support during marriage + iddah
  • Women are enttled to child support
  • Male inherits twice as much as females, but are finacially responsible for females
19
Q

What did Quran say about the birth of girls?

A
  • Its parents duty is to support + show kindness and justice to their daughters
  • Whoever has a dughter and does NOT bury her alive , and doesnt choose their son over her, will enter Paradise
20
Q

What does Islam teach about marriage?

A
  • Its based on mutual love + compassion
  • Created mates to well in tranquility with them
  • Females have the choice to accept + reject marriage proposals
  • Parents have no right to force a husband on them
  • Quran urges men to be kind to their wives
  • Divorce is seen as a last resort
  • Women can ask for Khula
21
Q

How are women used as witnesses?

A
  • 2 female witnesses so if one forgets, the other can remember and remind
22
Q

How are both genders seen as equal in Islam?

A
  • The sin is the same regardless what gender they are
  • Theres overall equality and justice
  • No good deed will go to waste no matter if youre a woman or man
23
Q

What does Quran say about women pregagnancy?

A
  • Women shoud not be blamed for the “fall of man”

- Kids should show gratitude to their parents

24
Q

Summarise the family system in relation to feminism:

A
  • Females minset about femininity clashed with the traditional islamic culture of living in an extended family
  • Feminists would look arranged marriage as a negative influence on women due to it restricting freedom
25
Q

Differentiation of sex roles regarding feminism:

A
  • Islam tradition which affects the feminist movement is that it specifies differenitation of male and female roles
  • Domestic values devalued whereas breadwinner role overly respected
  • Islam instead miantains both roles equally, generally benefitting to all members
  • In the quran, the only differentiation is between roles, NOT sexes
  • Quran preaches eqaulity between both many tomes, therefore Islam should not be blamed for discrimination for women
26
Q

Summarise polygamy in relation to Islam:

A
  • Islam does allow a man to marry more than one woman at a tome, but only under EXTRAORDINARY circumstances
27
Q

What did muslim feminist Amina Wadud do?

A
  • She broke the rule of women praying behind men + lead mixed prayers
28
Q

What was the response to this?

A
  • Some people were happy that men start seeing women in these positions
  • Mosques personally vistied homes to insist people not to go
  • Many protested that she cant change Gods law
29
Q

Which 2 represntations of gender ambiguity do scholars mostly discuss?

A

1: Khunthas ~ people who posess both male and female sex organs
2: Mahmus~ Have neither male or female genitals

30
Q

Summarise the issues of transgenders:

A
  • Contemporary understanding of transgender has litle mentions in historical sources
  • Transgrnders have struggled through protests
  • Jurists issue Fatwas (rulings) to legalize sex reassignment surgery (SRS) within islam
31
Q

What are some of the arguements of jurists who do not agree with SRS?

A
  • They simply forbid the process + believe muslims can only either be a male or female
  • They believe its wrongly int[erferring with Gods creations
  • Refers to changing religion + Gods commands
32
Q

Summarise the AL-TANTAWIS fatwa on SRS:

A
  • Only those should be condemend who do it deliveratley, those who have it naturally, its fine
  • The operation can only be done if it has clear + moral values
33
Q

Summarise KHOMENIS Fatwa on SRS:

A
  • SRS is not forbidden
  • The only problem is the results of the surgary such as status of a persons marriage + kinship
  • Iranian givernment allows transgender SRS
34
Q

Summarise fatwas on the 3rd gender:

A
  • Criticises both fatwas for looking at transgenders as a disorder
  • Believe that Khunthas are ALLOWED to undergo SRS, but can aslo live as they want without surgery
  • However, traditional muslims scholars determine gender within a binary
35
Q

Summarise the Sunni viewpoint;

A
  • Khunthas ledd to scholars avoiding issuuing islamic veridicts on these groups
  • Tend to label these groups as either male and female
  • Some sunni scholars were aware of individuals whos sex + gender could not be indetified
36
Q

Summarise the Shia viewpoint:

A
  • Scholars dicusses issues of the 3rd gender
  • They were more accepting and tolerating
  • Some believe only a Khunthas is a 3rd gender and NOT a mahmus
  • Traditional muslim scholars determine gender on a basis of biological characteristics
37
Q

Where in the quran + in what strory is homosexuality condemned in the quran:

A
  • In the story of Lut + in the last address of the prophet Muhammad
38
Q

Summarise the different schools of thought to have to say about the issue?

A
  • HANAFI ~ Not similar to adultery. Leaves punishment to judges disrection
  • SHAF’I’I~ Same sex intercourse is the same as other zina
  • MALIKI~ Whether youre married or unmarried, punishment is the same as adutltery
  • JA’FARI~ Same as maliki
39
Q

What did early islam say about homosexuality?

A
  • Homosexuality was installed and people openly carried it

- After the hadith from prophet, male lovers who killed their desires would be martyrs

40
Q

What actions have human rights groups taken?

A
  • Condemned laws that shoe homosexuality as a crome

- Looks more into virtue + morality

41
Q

Reasons given condemning the executions?

A
  • Death penalty not specified in the quran

- Punishment is too harsh

42
Q

Summarise homosexuality in 1 sentence:

A
  • Homosexuality is only forbidden when the act is properly carried out

RE ISLAM SZU A2 (2 decks)

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